吉林建筑大学外国语学院毕业论文 Optimized With Enhanced Risc that means to achieve optimal performance with Enhanced RISC Technology. So the role of power is pun.
3.4.3 Euphemism
“English has a considerable number of tables and tactful abbreviations. These abbreviations are both let each other know what the meaning and do not stimulate each other to substitute less bluntly with saying more mildly subtle argument.” [4] e.g.:
1) I seem to meet nothing but the B-girl here.
2) The daughter reassured him: Do not worry, dad, I told every man who gave
me a lift that I was going to San Francisco because there are the best VD clinics.
In two examples stated above. “B-girl is the abbreviation of the bar girl.”and “VD 3.4.4 Ridicule IBM is the acronym of the International Business Machines Corporation. XiuLian Li from Taiwan shows that Taiwanese gave her an IBM’s title, meaning International Big Mouth. As another example, CAAC is the acronym of the Civil Aviation Administration of China. Because of the CAAC always delay and cancel the flights, some foreigners called the CAAC means China Airline Always Cancel. 3.4.5 Parody “Some English abbreviations emerge as the times require by parody.” [5] IQ is a very familiar acronym for us and there are a large number of similar abbreviations though parody. e.g.: CQ创造商 < creation quotient EQ情商 < emotional quotient LQ爱商 < love quotient MQ心商 With the use of the computer, the acronym of “e” family also produces a large 10 吉林建筑大学外国语学院毕业论文 number. e.g.: e-cash电子现金< electronic cash e-commerce电子商务< electronic commerce e-money电子货币< electronic money e-payment电子支付< electronic payment e-tailing电子零售< electronic retailing e-zine电子杂志< electronic magazine This chapter gives many examples for the different kinds of the abbreviation words. All this forms are sated above, not only easy for write and remember, but also have fashion shape. With the rapidly developing information, a long and complicated word will inevitably be replaced by concise abbreviation to make the expression simple and easy to remember. In fact, the abbreviation of English does have more unique language functions than the English full name. This chapter proves the reason. 11 吉林建筑大学外国语学院毕业论文 IV. INFILTRATION OF ENGLISH ABBREVIATIONS IN CHINESE Reform and opening make frequent contact between our country and western developed countries. In the last few years, with the continuous improvement of English status in our eyes, we can see English abbreviations everywhere. The CCTV is oncoming firstly when you watching TV. Also you can see “England VS France” if you often watching football game. The advertising words in GanKang contains “no PPA” you can heard many times, as for the English abbreviations in newspaper and network are more numerous. 4.1 The characteristics of English abbreviations in Chinese There are four characteristics of English abbreviations in Chinese: 4.1.1 Large quantity; wide extent Modern Chinese Standard Dictionary included 100 English abbreviations. Modern Chinese Dictionary (Supplement) is included the 110 English abbreviations. But the English abbreviations in contemporary news media in China is far more than these, the number is hard to believe, also involves a wide range of areas, especially in economy and technology. In computer industry：BASIC(计算机语言), CPU(中央处理器), EMS(邮政特快专递), IT(信息产业), PC(个人电脑), USB(通讯串行总线), WWW(万维网) etc. In politics and economy：APE(亚太经合组织), CPI(消费者物价指数), Expo(世界博览会), GDP(国内生产总值), WTO(世界贸易组织) etc. In culture and education：GRE(美国研究生入学考试), IELTS(雅思考试), MBA(工商管理硕士), TOEFL(托福考试) etc. In social life：CI(企业形象), DVD(数字化视频盘), LD(激光视盘), MTV(音乐电视), OA(办公自动化), VCD(视频高密光盘), VCR(盒式磁带录像机) etc. In medical service：DNA(脱氧核糖核酸), EPO(促红细胞生长素), HIV(人类免疫缺陷病毒), ICU(重症监护病房), OTC(非处方药) etc. In science and technology：GPS(全球定位系统), UFO(不明飞行体) etc. 12 吉林建筑大学外国语学院毕业论文 4.1.2 Productivity; Serialization With the increasing in use of English abbreviations in Chinese frequently, so that produce a lot of new English abbreviations. The English abbreviations based on the regular word formation to have a certain morphological ability. Such as“CD 盘”，“DV 机”，“IC 卡” etc. Meanwhile，the acronyms in a letter to a replacement can produce the form and meaning on the word of a similar series of Abbreviations. With the NBA popular, appears CBA(国家职业篮球联赛), CUBA(国家大学生篮球联赛). There are similar examples, people are keen to get MBA(工商管理硕士), and appeared EMBA(高管工商管理硕士), MPA(公共管理硕士), MFA(艺术硕士), MCS(计算机科学硕士), MCL(民法硕士), MCE(土木工程学硕士), MDS(牙科硕士)etc. Now the company leadership has often been referred to as CXO(X represents any one of the 26 English letters, from the CEO(首席执行官) to the CAO(首席行政官), CBO(首席商务官), CCO(首席文化官), CDO(首席外交官), CEO(首席执行官), CFO(首席财务官), CLO(首席教育官), CMO(首席市场官), COO(首席运营官), CNO(首席谈判官), CPO(首席制作官), CQO(首席质量官) etc. 4.2 The constitution form of English abbreviations in Chinese There are four types of infiltration of English abbreviations on Chinese: 4.2.1 Pure English Abbreviated type It means the original English abbreviations placed Chinese directly. e.g.: 1) “昨天下午,又一例疑似SARS病患者被确诊。”[6] SARS < Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: 严重急性呼吸道症候群。 2) “随后一段日子,两人通过OICQ聊天,感情日渐深厚。”[7] OICQ < Oh, I seek you.: 啊，我寻找你。一种常用的网上聊天工具。 4.2.2 Transliteration in English abbreviated Type “It means using pronunciation of the English abbreviation into Chinese.” [8] e.g.: 1) “如今，人们除了通过电话联系外，还常常通过伊妹儿进行交流。”[6] 伊妹儿是英语缩略词e-mail的音译 13 吉林建筑大学外国语学院毕业论文 2) “限制的士数量是缓解城市交通压力的一种办法。”[9] 的士是英语缩略词taxi的音译。 4.2.3 Chinese and English Mixed Abbreviation Type It means the function of the Chinese characters followed by the English abbreviations. e.g.: 1) “学生可以在大学校园里的ATM机上取款。”[10] ATM 机< Automatic Teller Machine自动取款机 2) “新身份证不同于IC卡。”[11] IC 卡< integrated circuit集成电路 3) 我们都喜欢穿T恤衫。 T恤< T-shirt 汗衫 4.2.4 Pure Pinyin Abbreviated Type It means use each pinyin initials to instead of Chinese characters. e.g.: 1) “我们的HSK汉语水平考试词典是特地为外国学生编写的。”[12] HSK < Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi汉语水平考试 2) 这个星期天,妈妈带我去逛动物园。我的GG带着他的恐龙NY也在动物 园玩。那位JJ一个劲地对我PMP…..。 GG From the above examples can be seen that English abbreviation enriched the Chinese vocabulary by penetrating Chinese in a variety ways. Such as “汗衫” and “T-shirt”, “电子邮件” and “伊妹儿”, “非典” and “SARS”, “年轻一代” and “e时代” etc make the Chinese expression more precision and diversified. These synonyms both use in spoken English and written English. They all have their own characteristic and subtle differences, although they are in similar meaning. “T恤” seems more fashion than “汗衫”, also the price is more higher. “电子邮件” is more formal than “伊妹儿”, but the latter is more cute than former. “SARS” is more close to international language than “非典” and make the international communication more easier. As for “e生代” is more vivid than “年轻一代”. “English abbreviations make the original single code language expression replaced by the available English-Chinese mixture code expression.” [13] So that achieve better effect of language expression. 14