rvv???Rcosvcosu,?Rcosvsinu,?Rsinv?,
E?ru?ru?R2cos2v,F?ru?rv?0,G?rv?rv?R2, L?(ru,rv,ruu)EG?F2??Rcos2v,M?(ru,rv,ruv)EG?F2?0,N?(ru,rv,rvv)EG?F2??R,
?(L,M,N)??1(E,F,G),故球面是全脐的. R26.证明平面是全脐的.
证明 设平面的参数表示为r(x,y)??x,y,0?,则
rx??1,0,0?,ry??0,1,0?,rxx??0,0,0?,rxy??0,0,0?,ryy??0,0,0?, E?rx?rx?1,F?rx?ry?0,G?ry?ry?1, L?rxx?n?0,M?rxy?n?0,N?ryy?n?0
?(L,M,N)?0(E,F,G),故平面是全脐的.
27.证明曲面x?y?z3的所有点为抛物点.
证明 曲面的参数表示为r(x,y)??x,y,(x?y)1/3?,则
?2/3rx??1,0,1?, ry?0,1,13(x?y)?2/3, 3(x?y)?5/3rxx??0,0,?2?,rxy?0,0,?92(x?y)?5/3, ryy?0,0,?92(x?y)?5/3, 3(x?y)???????2/3?2/3rx?ry???1,?1,1?, n?3(x?y)3(x?y)rx?ry|rx?ry|,
22(x?y)?5/3?n, L?rxx?n??0,0,?9(x?y)?5/3??n,M?rxy?n?0,0,?92N?ryy?n??0,0,?9(x?y)?5/3??n ?LN?M2?0,
???曲面x?y?z3的所有点为抛物点.
28.求证正螺面r(u,v)??ucosv,usinv,av?是极小曲面. 证明 ru??cosv,sinv,0?,rv???usinv,ucosv,a?,
ruu??0,0,0?,ruv???sinv,cosv,0?,rvv???ucosv,?usinv,0?, ijkru?rv?cosvsinv0??asinv,?acosv,u?,
?usinvucosvaasinv,?acosv,u??ru?rv, n??22|ru?rv|a?uE?ru?ru?1,F?ru?rv?0,G?rv?rv?a2?u2, L?ruu?n?0,M?ruv?n??aa?u22,N?rvv?n?0,
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1EN?2FM?GL1?H????22EG?F21?0?2?0?(?aa2?u21?(a2?u2)?02)?(a2?u2)?0?0,故正螺面是极小曲面.
29. 圆柱面r?{acosu,asinu,v}上的纬线是测地线. 证明 由r?{acosu,asinu,v},
ru?{-asinu,acosu,0},rv?{0,0,1},EvGud??cos??sin?, 纬线是u-线,此时??0或?,?ds2EG2GEE?a2,F?0,G?1.kg??kg?0. 所以,纬线是测地线.
30.证明极小曲面上的点都是双曲点或平点. 证明 H?k1?k2?0, ?k1??k2, ?K?k1?k2??k22?0 2当K?0时,k1?k2?0, ?极小曲面的点都是平点; 当K?0时,极小曲面的点都是双曲点.
31. 证明 (1)如果测地线同时是渐近线,则它是直线;
(2)如果测地线同时是曲率线,则它一定是平面曲线.
证明 (1) 因为曲线是测地线,所以kg?0, 曲线又是渐近线,所以,kn?0,
22而k2?kn 所以k=0,故所给曲线是直线. ?kg,(2) 证法1
因曲线是测地线,所以沿此曲线有n?,所以?dn, 又曲线是曲率线,所以dndr?,
所以(?k????)?,所以??0,故所给曲线是平面曲线. 证法2
因所给曲线既是测地线又为曲率线,所以沿此曲线有n?,n?, 而?????,所以?????n,从而???(??n???n)??(?k??n?0)?0, 又?????,所以??0,故所给曲线是平面曲线.
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