专题三 完形填空
因淡化首句信息而导致耗时费力
完形填空一般无标题，首句一般不设空，这是为了给考生提供 一个清晰而完整的背景。记叙文首句往往介绍事件发生的时
利用首句信息 进行推断
间、地点、人物和起因等细节信息，说明文和议论文一般通过 文章首句点明全文的主题。仔细分析文章的首句，往往能获取 许多解题信息，从而节省考生的做题时间。
1．利用首句可以帮助我们判断文章的体裁，捕捉文章的要素，预测故事的发展。 [典例1] (2018·全国卷Ⅰ) During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. 直接信息 首句点明了故事发生的时间、人物以及事件(免费课程)，由此可以基本判定本文为记叙文 预测信息 下文很可能介绍作者大学期间学习象棋课程及它对作者生活的影响 [典例2] (2017·全国卷Ⅲ) A Toronto man is offering a free round-the-world air ticket to the right woman. 直接信息 首句介绍了一个来自多伦多的男人赠送环球航空票的故事，由此可以基本判定本文应是记叙文 后文中很可能讲述为什么免费赠送机票以及能得到免费机票女士的条件(the right woman) 预测信息 2.利用首句可抓住文章的核心及中心话题，这对于理解全文和解题有着重要的启示作用。 [典例1] (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. 直接信息 首句“高中和大学教育的区别：前者不鼓励探索，而后者鼓励探索。”直接点明文章的中心话题 预测信息 下文很可能是作者在大学学习的经历和感受 [典例2] (2018·江苏高考)Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment.
直接信息 首句点明了“Raynor Winn和她丈夫Moth因为投资失误变得无家可归”
预测信息 下文很可能讲述夫妇俩面临绝境后的生活状况 (铺阴影的题目为“可利用首句信息解题”) A
体裁 记叙文 话题 孤寡老人建游泳池 词数 289 限时 15分钟 Keith Davison, 94, is struggling since losing his beloved wife of 66 years, Evy.To take his attention away from his 1 ， the retired judge built a pool into his backyard, and 2 all those in his neighborhood to play anytime they’d like.He hoped that the 3 of water splashing (飞溅) and children playing would 4 the silence that has engulfed (吞没) his home in the days after Evy’s passing.“I had a 5 life, and after my wife 6 ， that ended，” says Davison.“You get used to having a person there to enjoy life with, and now this place is so 7 .”
The neighborhood children have been lining up to play since the pool opened.Davison’s only 8 is that a child’s parent must be 9 to take care of them.Jessica Huebner, a neighbor of Davison, says that Davison and Evy were always 10 to the kids in the neighborhood.“It’s about spreading 11 and happiness to our neighborhood and these children 12 he sees them as the face of the future，” says Huebner.“He is just a very kind man.”
Huebner 13 brings cookies and home-cooked meals to Davison to show her 14 for what he has done.“He built the pool for us and our children, 15 we can do more to visit with him，” she says.“That’s what he wants; he wants to 16 with the kids.”
Still, Davison is 17 the absence of his wife.The walls of the house still remind him of her, because she 18 them to her taste, something he very much 19 .But Davison thinks Evy would be happy to see the neighborhood having so much 20 in their backyard.He just wishes she was there to see it.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。美国一位94岁的老人在自家后院建了一座免费游泳池，既给附近的孩子们提供了一个解暑、玩耍的地方，同时也缓解了自己失去妻子的痛苦与寂寞。
1．A.fear C．sickness
B．sadness D．worry
解析：选B 根据首句中的“losing his beloved wife of 66 years”可知，Davison
想从失去妻子的“悲伤(sadness)”中解脱出来。
2．A.invited C．inspired
B．advised D．expected
解析：选A 游泳池建好后，Davison“邀请(invited)”附近的孩子们来玩耍。 3．A.colors C．effects
B．sounds D．problems
解析：选B 根据下文中的“the silence that has engulfed (吞没) his home”可知，Davison希望孩子们玩闹泼水的“声音(sounds)”能“掩盖(mask)”家里的静寂。mask此处用作动词。
4．A.remember C．bring
解析：选D 参见上题解析。 5．A.secret C．happy
B．difficult D．traditional B．keep D．mask
解析：选C 根据首句中的“his beloved wife of 66 years, Evy”和下文中的“having a person there to enjoy life with”可知，妻子过世前，他们过着“幸福的(happy)”生活。
6．A.died C．escaped
B．retired D．returned
解析：选A 根据首句中的“losing his beloved wife”和“after Evy’s passing”可知，Davison的妻子“去世(died)”后，幸福生活也结束了。
7．A.cold C．quiet
B．dirty D．crowded
解析：选C 根据上文中的“the silence that has engulfed (吞没) his home”可知，现在的家里很“安静(quiet)”。
8．A.movement C．requirement
B．development D．achievement
解析：选C 根据下文中的“a child’s parent must be 9 to take care of them”可知，Davison的唯一“要求(requirement)”是孩子的父亲或母亲必须照看着。
9．A.ahead C．indoors
B．upstairs D．nearby
解析：选D 根据下文中的“take care of them”可知，孩子的父亲或母亲必须在“附近(nearby)”。
10．A.nice
B．strange
C．terrible D．fair
解析：选A 根据第二段最后一句“He is just a very kind man.”可知，Davison夫妇对附近的孩子很“友好(nice)”。
11．A.desire C．wealth
B．success D．joy
解析：选D 根据第二段第一句中的“children have been lining up to play”和下文中的“happiness”可知，Davison建免费游泳池给孩子们带来了“快乐(joy)”。
12．A.while C．because
B．unless D．although
解析：选C “he sees them as the face of the future”是“It’s about spreading 11 and happiness to our neighborhood and these children”的原因，故because符合语境。
13．A.normally C．instantly
B．regularly D．carefully
解析：选B 根据下文中的“we can do more to visit with him”可知，Huebner会“经常(regularly)”带一些饼干或家里烹制的饭菜给Davison。
14．A.doubt C．excitement
B．surprise D．appreciation
解析：选D 给Davison送饼干或饭菜等是为了表示“感激(appreciation)”。 15．A.in turn C．in return
B．in contrast D．in advance
解析：选C Davison建了游泳池供邻居们娱乐，“作为回报(in return)”，大家也应该为他多做些事情。
16．A.go C．play
B．trade D．connect
解析：选D Davison建游泳池的目的是想和孩子们“建立良好的关系(connect)”。 17.A.dealing with C．preparing for
B．looking into D．learning about
解析：选A 根据第一段首句中的“Keith Davison, 94, is struggling since losing his beloved wife”和下文中的“The walls of the house still remind him of her”可知，Davison正在努力“应对(dealing with)”失去妻子的痛苦。
18．A.rented C．bought
B．decorated D．recommended
解析：选B 根据上文中的“The walls of the house still remind him of her”可
知，墙是按照妻子的品味“装饰(decorated)”的，Davison非常“喜欢(enjoyed)”。
19．A.hated C．regretted
解析：选B 参见上题解析。 20．A.fun C．money
B．luck D．time B．enjoyed D．missed
解析：选A 根据第二段第一句“The neighborhood children have been lining up to play since the pool opened.”可知，邻居们在后院玩得很“开心(fun)。”
B
体裁 记叙文 话题 人物故事 词数 306 限时 17分钟 A man has given up his well-paid job in sales to become a barber for dementia patients, inspired by his teenage job in a nursing home.Lenny White, 36, worked in 1 with the Yellow Pages for 17 years, 2 felt unsatisfied and decided to do something a little more 3 and meaningful.
As a 4 ， he had worked as a kitchen server in nursing homes.When he began to 5 his passion (热情) for his career, he decided to find a way to help the kind of people he’d 6 worked with.“I had just got to the stage where I knew that I wasn’t 7 ，” Lenny said.“I never 8 the care home job, I never forgot how it made me feel and the communication that I had with the residents (居民)． 9 never left me.” He decided to work as a barber 10 he remembered the men in the care home where he’d worked having haircuts in women’s salons (发廊), which stressed them out as they weren’t used to the 11 .
To help his 12 relax, he uses old-fashioned products and plays Elvis Presley songs in his salon, so they feel like they are in a salon they 13 .
“The residents were 14 .They sang along to the 15 ， tapped (打节拍) their feet, and it created a real 16 atmosphere.” Lenny said.
Lenny also works as a care assistant in order to learn how to 17 elderly people while cutting their hair.He 18 ， “You have to take your time with them and be 19 .Even the small things like sitting them down and keeping your hand on their shoulder, let them know you’re there.”
He even won the Northern Ireland Alzheimer’s Society Award for Outstanding Contribution 2017 for his efforts, and is 20 to popularize (推广) his