C150普通机床的数控化改造

摘要

C150普通机床的数控化改造

摘要

机床数控化改造的研究是提高我国技术装备水平的重要项目，在我国目前拥有大量超期服役和技术陈旧的机床急待更新的情况下，由于数控机床的加工和资金受限，对机床进行数控化改造是一条节约资本，快捷有效的途径。

本文以C150普通车床数控化该在为例进行深入研究，包括对机床改造的现状和前景分析、对机床关键部件参数的计算、对机床结构的设计、对机床改造方案的论证、选择合适的机床伺服系统和数控系统，以及在改造中应注意的事项进行了详细论述。结果：经改造后的机床已达到预期的功能和精度，完全能实现加工外圆、锥度、螺纹、端面等的自动控制，提高了远机床的生产效率，降低了劳动强度。

在数控机床系统中，加工精度和加工可靠性是伺服系统决定的，本文对普通车床的数控化改造进行了分析和设计，通过对普通车床的数控化改造，提高了普通车床的加工能力和加工范围，节省了直接购买机床的部分资金，具有很好的经济效益。 关键词：普通车床；数控改造；步进电机。

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Abstract The Numerically Controlled Transform of C150 lathe

Study on machine tool mumerical control transformation of important project is to

improve the level of technical equiment in China,with large extended serviceand technology in China urgently needs to be updated of the old machine tool case ,because the NC machine tool processing capacity and funding is limited, of machine tool numerical control transformation is a saves money,fast and effective way.

C150 lathe NC system to rebuild this article to be an in-depth study, including machine tools retrofitting situation and prospects analysis ,calculation of parameters of the key parts of machine tool design ,maching tool,machine tool structure rebuilding scheme optimal selection ,choose a suitable machine tools servo system and computer system,and matters for attentinon in the reform are discussed in detail. Results:after the transformation has reached the expected functionality and accuracy of machine tool , fully able to realize process of cylindrical, conical, thread, automatic control at the end, improve the efficiency of the original production of machine tools, lower labor intensity.

In a NC machine tool system, the precision and reliability of the machine tool depend on the serve system. Through the reconstructing ,analyzing and designing of a common turning machine serve system, the machining ability can be improved ,and a big sum money may be saved, the company will benefit from it.

Keywod:Lathe；numerical control transformation ；stepping motors.

Abstract

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目录

目录

摘要 ............................................................................................................................ I Abstract ................................................................................................................... II 第一章 绪论 ............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 机床数控化改造的必要性分析 .................................................................. 1 1.2 普通机床数控化改造的意义 ...................................................................... 1 1.3 数控机床的发展趋势 .................................................................................. 2 1.4 我国机床设备现状分析 .............................................................................. 2 第二章 数控改造总体方案设计 ............................................................................ 3 2.1 C150普通车床基本参数 ............................................................................ 3 2.2 确定设计方案 .............................................................................................. 3 2.3 数控系统的选择 .......................................................................................... 3 2.4 伺服系统的改造设计 .................................................................................. 3 2.5 机械部分的改造设计 .................................................................................. 4 2.6 自动回转刀架的选择设计 .......................................................................... 4 2.7 编码盘的选用 .............................................................................................. 4 第三章 机械本体改造和设计计算 ........................................................................ 6 3.1 纵向机械传动部分的数控化改造和设计计算 .......................................... 6 3.1.1切削力的计算 ...................................................................................... 6 3.1.2滚珠丝杠设计计算 .............................................................................. 6 3.1.3 滚珠丝杠的选型 ................................................................................. 7 3.1.4 滚珠丝杠的验算 ................................................................................. 8

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目录

3.2横向机械传动部分的数控化改造和设计计算 ........................................... 9 3.2.1切削力的计算 ...................................................................................... 9 3.2.2滚珠丝杠的设计计算 ........................................................................ 10 3.2.3滚珠丝杠的选型 ................................................................................ 10 3.2.4 滚珠丝杠的验算 ............................................................................... 10 3.3滚珠丝杠的支撑与轴承选用 ..................................................................... 12 3.3.1滚珠丝杠支撑形式选择 .................................................................... 12 3.3.2滚动轴承的选用 ................................................................................ 13 第四章 伺服系统的改造设计 .............................................................................. 14 4.1 伺服系统的选择 ........................................................................................ 14 4.2 纵向步进电机的计算与选择 .................................................................... 16 4.2.1 负载转矩（Tm）及最大静转矩（Tjmax）的计算............................. 16 4.2.2 初选步进电动机型号 ....................................................................... 16 4.2.3 各种工况下的转矩计算 ................................................................... 17 4.3 横向步进电机的计算与选择 .................................................................... 18 4.3.1负载转矩及最大静转矩的计算 ........................................................ 18 4.3.2 初选步进电动机型号 ....................................................................... 19 4.3.3 各种工况下的转矩计算 ................................................................... 19 4.4 驱动器的选择 ............................................................................................ 20 第五章 自动回转刀架设计 .................................................................................. 21 5.1数控车床刀架的基本要求 ......................................................................... 21 5.2 转位刀架的选择 ........................................................................................ 21

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目录

5.2.1 刀架结构图 ....................................................................................... 21 5.2.2 自动回转刀架工作原理 ................................................................... 22 5.2.3 刀架的安装 ....................................................................................... 22 第六章 齿轮强度的校核及间隙消除 ................................................................... 24 6.1 纵向进给箱齿轮强度的校核 .................................................................... 24 6.1.1 按齿面接触强度校核 ....................................................................... 24 6.1.2 按齿根弯曲强度校核 ....................................................................... 24 6.2横向进给箱齿轮强度的校核 ..................................................................... 25 6.2.1按齿面接触强度校核 ........................................................................ 25 6.2.2 按齿根弯曲强度校核 ....................................................................... 26 6.3 齿轮传动间隙消除机构设计 .................................................................... 26 总结 ......................................................................................................................... 28 致谢 ......................................................................................................................... 29 参考文献 ................................................................................................................. 30 附录A 外文翻译-原文部分 .................................................................................. 30 附录B 外文翻译-译文部分 .................................................................................. 38

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