2009年小学英语骨干教师培训教材
● It's nice, but it's too big. (3) 选择商品
● Can I have a look at that one? ● Yes, here you are. This is a new type. (4) 询问或提供价格 ● How much is it? ● It's 98 yuan. (5) 成交
● OK, I'll take it. Here's the money. ● Thank you. Here's the change. (6) 结束购物行动 ● Thank you very much. ● You're welcome. Goodbye. ● Goodbye! 4. 组织教学资源
教学资源是为实施教学目标服务的。确定了具体目标之后，我们要做的事就是切合实际地组织教学资源。教学资源包括主体资源和辅助资源，主体资源又包括规定资源（主选教材）和自选资源（教师自主开发）。教师应当从教学系统设计的整体构想上完成教学资源的整合，超越所谓“教科书”的传统框架，能动地品评、选择、重组教学资源，自主地利用其它可用的资源。
5. 设计教学过程
设计教学过程是教师比较熟悉的课题。但是，教学过程设计有经验型设计和系统型设计的区别。 经验型设计只停留在课堂教学步骤的排列上，而系统型设计则有宏观设计和微观设计之分。宏观设计是对一个学习阶段或更长的教学时间跨度进行过程设计；微观设计则主要涉及课堂教学过程设计。另外，经验型设计的教学步骤，所谓 Teaching steps 只是一个线性程序，即 A+B+C+D+ ... 等；系统设计则系统采用网络系统程序，左面是一个网络系统程序设计实例：
6. 选择学习活动类型
- 6 -
2009年小学英语骨干教师培训教材
教学过程设计只是解决了教学实践的行动框架和推进结构，其中的各个环节却是由什么组成呢？是由活动（Activities）组成的，所以活动在课堂教学当中起着重要的作用。不同学段的学生要选择不同的适合他们学习的活动，比如在一堂课的教学活动中，教学中要考虑结合学生的实际选择哪些是真实的活动， 哪些是属于游戏性的活动，哪些是操练性的活动。同时要考虑到学生活动的形式，比如，是个人的，还是结对的？是小组的还是全班的？所以在选择活动的类型以及学生活动的形式上要注意高效、务实、多样。
7. 设计评价方案
在整体的教学过程中，过程评价和总结评价是交替实施的。在课堂教学过程中，则主要涉及过程评价（Process assessment）。在教学过程中，教学和评价应融为一体，我们可以通俗地解释“一体化”（Alignment）概念：Where learning and teaching occur, assessment occurs.教师在实施课堂教学时，应当系统考虑下述问题：如何确定学生的表现性评价目标？如何观察和收集有关学生表现的重要信息？如何运用评价手段激励式诊断学生学习行动？在设计评价方案时，教师应注意发挥学生主体评价的效能。评价设计应当包括学生评价活动的设计，学生采取自己活动的有关信息的方法设计，学生应当实施小组评价设计。
8. 媒体的运用
我们这里说的媒体是个广义的概念，它包括常规媒体和现代技术媒体。随着IT的迅速发展，现代技术（即电脑）型媒体已被广大英语教师运用到实际教学当中，其中不乏精彩的媒体作品设计。这里，我们倒是有必要强调一下对常规媒体的有效设计问题。事实上，教学系统化设计（其中包括过程评价设计）也应当系统地处理常规媒体（板书、简笔画、挂图、卡片等）的系统利用问题。教师应努力将常规的媒体与现代的媒体有机地结合起来，高效地用于课堂教学中。
- 7 -
2009年小学英语骨干教师培训教材
(六) Language for English Teaching
一．上课（Beginning a class）
1 Let's start now. / Let's begin our class / lesson． 2 Stand up, please． 3 Sit down, please． 二．问候（Greetings）
4 Hello, boys and girls / children．
5 Good morning, class / everyone / everybody / children / boys and girls． 6 Good afternoon, class / everyone / everybody / children / boys and girls． 7 How are you today?
三．考勤（Checking attendance）
8 Who's on duty today? Who's helping this morning / today? 9 Is everyone / everybody here / present? 10 Is anyone away? / Is anybody away? 11 Is anyone / anybody absent ? 12 Who's absent? / Who's away? 13 Where is he / she？
14 Try to be on time．/ Don't be late next time． 15 Go back to your seat, please． 16 What day is it today? 17 What's the date today? 18 What's the weather like today? 19 What's it like outside? 四．宣布（Announcing）
20 Let's start working．/ Let's begin / start a （our）new lesson． 21 First, let's review / do some revision．
- 8 -
2009年小学英语骨干教师培训教材
22 What did we learn in the last lesson?
23 Who can tell / remember what we did in the last lesson / yesterday?
24 Now we're going to do something new / different． / Now let's learn something new． 25 We have some new words / sentences． 五．提起注意（Directing attention） 26 Ready / Are you ready?
27 Did you get there? / Do you understand? 28 Is that clear? 29 Any volunteers? 30 Do you know what to do? 31 Be quiet, please．/ Quiet, please． 32 Listen, please． 33 Listen carefully, please．
34 Listen to the tape recorder / the recording． 35 Look carefully, please． 36 Look over here． 37 Watch carefully． 38 Are you watching?
39 Please look at the blackboard / picture / map .... 40 Pay attention to your spelling / pronunciation． 六．课堂活动（Classroom activities） 41 Start! / Start now．
42 Everybody together． / All together． 43 Practise in a group / in groups, please． 44 Get into groups of three / four.... 45 Everybody find a partner / friend． 46 In pairs, please．
- 9 -
2009年小学英语骨干教师培训教材
47 One at a time． / Let's do it one by one．
48 Now you, please． / Your turn （student's name）． 49 Next, please．Now you do the same, please． 50 Let's act． / Let's act out / do the dialogue． 51 Who wants to be A?
52 Practise the dialogue, please．
53 Now Tom will be A, and the other half will be B． 54 Please take （play）the part of .... 55 Whose turn is it? 56 It's your turn． 57 Wait your turn, please． 58 Stand in line． / Line up． 59 Turn round．
60 One by one． / One at a time, please． 61 In twos． / In pairs． 62 Don't speak out． 七．请求（Requests）
63 Could you please try it again? 64 Could you please try the next one? 65 Will you please help me? 八．鼓励（Encouraging） 66 Can you try, please? 67 Try, please．
68 Please try your best． / Do your best． 69 Think it over and try again． 70 Don't be afraid / shy． 九．指令（Issuing a command）
- 10 -