城市污水厂剩余污泥制备活性炭的研究
目 录
引言????????????????????????????????????3 1文献综述???????????????????????????????? 5
1.1 城市污水污泥概述?????????????????????????? 5 1.1.1城市污水污泥的来源???????????????????????? 5 1.1.2城市污水污泥的数量???????????????????????? 6
1.1.3城市污水污泥的性质???????????????????????? 7 1.2城市污水污泥的处置方法???????????????????????? 8 1.2.1 传统处置方法??????????????????????????? 8 1.2.2 新型处置方法??????????????????????????? 9 1.3活性炭的概述????????????????????????????? 10 1.4城市污水污泥制备活性炭研究现状????????????????????11 1.5本课题主要研究内容及技术??????????????????????? 13
2实验部分???????????????????????????????? 15
2.1实验药品及仪器???????????????????????????? 15 2.1.1实验药品????????????????????????????? 15 2.1.2实验仪器及设备?????????????????????????? 16 2.2分析方法??????????????????????????????? 16 2.2.1苯酚的分析方法?????????????????????????? 16 2.2.2 污泥含水率及挥发份分析方法??????????????????? 2.2.4 PH测定方法???????????????????????????
18 21
2.2.5吸附量及产率计算????????????????????????? 21
3结果与讨论??????????????????????????????? 22
3.1化学法污泥活性炭制备影响因素研究??????????????????? 22 3.1.1活化剂的筛选??????????????????????????? 22 3.1.2固液比及复配比的影响??????????????????????? 23 3.1.3浸渍时间及温度的影响??????????????????????? 25 3.1.4热解温度的影响?????????????????????????? 26 3.1.5 添加剂的影响?????????????????????????? 27 3.2 微波法污泥活性炭制备影响因素研究?????????????????? 28 3.2.1 微波法活化剂的筛选??????????????????????? 28 3.2.2 固液比的影响?????????????????????????? 28 3.2.3 浸渍时间的影响????????????????????????? 30 3.2.4 浸渍温度的影响????????????????????????? 30 3.2.5微波功率及加热时间的影响????????????????????? 31
3.3微波法污泥活性炭的应用???????????????????????? 32
结论??????????????????????????????????? 35
摘 要
本文以城市污水处理厂剩余活性污泥为原料，采用化学活化法和微波法制备污泥活性炭，研发了一系列适用于污泥活性炭制备工艺的新型活化剂配方；以污泥活性炭产率与吸附性能为指标，对污泥活性炭制备过程中的主要影响因素和工艺条件进行了研究。选取活化剂浓度，固液比，活化温度，活化时间，热解温度及热解时间等因素，通过试验确定最佳工艺参数。以品红、苯酚及亚甲基蓝吸附值对制备的污泥活性炭的吸附性能进行评价,并探讨了污泥活性炭作为水处理吸附剂的去除效果。结果表明：
（1）化学法制备污泥活性炭试验的较佳的工艺参数为: 以ZnCl2/CuCl2
为活化剂，ZnCl2浓度为5mol/ L，固液比 1:1.0 g/mL，CuCl2投加量为4wt.%，浸渍时间1.0h，浸渍温度20℃，热解时间45min，热解温度550℃。此时所得污泥活性炭亚甲蓝吸附值为142.07 mg/g。
（2）微波热解制备污泥活性炭较佳工艺条件为：氯化锌浓度为5mol/ L，固液比 1：2.0 g/mL，微波功率为400W、微波作用时间为340S、浸渍时间为1.0h、浸渍温度20℃。此时所得污泥活性炭亚甲蓝吸附值为135.42 mg/g。
（3）污泥活性炭对品红染料废水脱色率可达到95%以上，吸附量优于商品活性炭。 关键词：
污泥活性炭；污泥；化学活化；微波热解；活化剂
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Abstract
This paper reported a novel method for preparation of activated carbon from wastewater sludge by chemical activation and microwave pyrolysis. A series of new activator formula for the preparation technology were developed, and the optimum technological conditions of preparation were investigated with the yield of activated carbon and its adsorption capacity as the guide. The adsorption activity of active carbon was characterized by the methylene blue, phenol and magenta adsorption values, and several typical influencing factors were selected: Activator types and concentration, solid-liquid ratio, dipping time and temperature, pyrolysis temperature and time.
The results showed that:
(1) The optimum technological conditions of preparation by chemical activation were: ZnCl2/CuCl2 was the better activator. Solid/liquid 1:1.0 g/mL, activator ZnCl2 5mol/L, CuCl2 4wt.%, soaking time 1.0h, temperature 20℃, pyrolysis time 45min, temperature 550℃, and in such cases methylene blue adsorption value was 142.07mg/g.
(2) The optimum technological conditions of preparation by microwave pyrolysis was: activator ZnCl2 5mol/L, Solid/liquid 1/2.0g/mL, soaking time 1.0h, temperature 20℃, pyrolysis power 400W, pyrolysis time 340s, and in such cases and in such cases methylene blue adsorption value was 142.07mg/g.
(3) Sludge activated carbon adsorbent effect surpasses the conventional activated carbon, magenta removal rate of up to 95%.
Keywords:
sludge; activate carbon; chemical activation; adsorption;Microwave pyrolysis
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