Air is important to animals． Honesty is the best policy． John hates darkness．
99 11．如果表示有限数量或某种程度，不可数名词前可加some，表示“一些??”“一定程度的??”：
I offered him some tea．
Some sugar is to be sprinkled over the cake． He has got some experience from the job． Some consideration of the matter is necessary． 在某些特殊情况下，如93节所列情况，some必须省略： I offered him tea，not coffee．（表示对比） I offered him both tea and coffee．
I offered him tea because he liked it．（注意力在其他方面） This country produces tea．（大量的） Rice is produced in Thailand． This is tea．（补语）
100 12．特指的the可用在不可数名词前限定其意义，隐约地表示“这”或“那”：
I offered him the tea which I made． The sugar produced here is excellent． He has obtained the experience of an expert． The bread has been eaten up．（你知道指哪块面包） Please pass me the salt．
C．冠词与专有名词
101 13．下面这类专有名词不加a也不加the，也不能用于复数形式： continent—Asia country—Japan province—Guangdong state—California county—Henrico County harbour—Pearl Harbour island—Rhode Island hillmount Mount—Everest capelake—Lake Geneva bridgepark—Hyde Park streetsquare—Times Square persondomestic animal—Bobo deityday—Monday planetfestival—Labour Day month102 14．下面各类专有名词前需加the：republic—the French Republic railwaystate—the Irish Free State Siberian Railway empire—the British Empire riverkingdom—the United Kingdom peninsula—the Indian plateauPeninsula Plateau ocean—the Pacific（Ocean） sea—the Japaneses Sea valley—Bacon Hill —Cape Comorin
—Westminster Bridge —Fifth Avenue —William Shakespeare —Jupiter —Jupiter —February —the Trans —the Mekong （River） —the Tibetan basin—the Yangzi
Basin
—the Rhine
Valley
canal—the Suez（Canal） desert—the Gobi
Desert
pole—the North Pole
“普通名词+of+专有名词”这类词组前均需加the：
the Cape of Good Hope the House of Representatives the Strait of Gibraltar the Ministry of Foreign Affairs the City of New York the Society of Natural History 103 15．复数专有名词前都加the： the Himalayas the Great Lakes the Rocky Mountains the Stuarts the United States the Philippines
104 上面讲的是冠词的一般用法，一些特殊用法将在专门谈冠词的书中处理。在形容词的题目下，还有3个项目，即量词与数词、比较级及指示词。由于它们牵涉到代词和副词，将和它们一起讨论。
Ⅵ．名词所有格
105 所有格指名词加上“'”，如dog's，John's，teachers'。它们虽然由名词构成，却完全和形容词差不多。因此在本书中未列在名词一章中讨论，而放在形容词这一章中，作为一种特殊的形容词来考虑。
A．所有格构成法
106 1．单数名词所有格一般在后面加“'s”构成：
the boy's dog，the gentleman's hat，my father's friend，Smith's kindness，one day's trip以-s结尾的名词，构成的方法一样： the hostess's sons，the boss's secretary，Chambers's readers，St．James's Palace，King Charles's reign
以-es结尾的古代人名，仅在后面加“'”： Ceres'rites，Xerxes’fleet，Achilles'wrath
以-is，-es，-us结尾的古代人名，仅在后面加“’”，但也可加“'s”： Adonis’bane，Venus’image，Judas’betrayal，Atlas'daughter以-ce，或-ss’结尾，后面跟有sake的词，仅加“’”：
for appearance'（or conscience’，goodness’，righteousness’）sake 107 2．复数名词后一般仅加“’”： My parents’friends were all rich． The dogs’eyes look fierce．
又如：the prisoners'camp，that wasps’nest，a fools’paradise，her girls'school（单数主体词）；seven prisoners’ camps，those writers's styles（多数主体词）
例外情况：children's，men's，women's（这些是不规则的复数形式） 108 3．短语或其他词组，在最后面加“'s”：
the king of England's crown，my son－in－law's house，the President－elect's speech，Alexanders the Great's conquest（头衔）（不要说the King's of England crown，my son's－inlaw house）
his brother George's wife，Mr．Wang the headmaster's decision（同位语），（不要说his brother's George's wife，Mr．Wang's the headmaster decision）
（They borrowed）each other's books；some（or no，every）one's affair，somebody else's affair．（指示性代词）
The man you introduced me to's wife（is a teacher of English）．（I forget）what is his name's address．（包含从句的结构）
如果两个名词代表两个人，则有下面情况：
Wang's and Lee's houses=Wang's house and Lee's．（各有一栋房子） the seller's and buyer's rights Wang and Lee's house（共有的房子）
the students and teachers interest
her and her brother's friends（不好）=her friends and her brother's（较好）＝hers and her brother's friends（文气）=her friends and those of her brothers（最好）
Mary's baby's face（不好）=the face of Mary's baby（较好） John's friend's business（不好）=the business of the friend of John（较好）=the business of John's friend（最好）
B．名词所有格所指东西
109 名词所有格中的名词可以指各种东西。最常见的是： 1．指人：
His Highness's health，my brother's job，John's desk 110 2．其次是指动物，尤其是较大的，具有人的某些特点的动物： the dog's tail，the horse's neighing，the lion's mane 111 13．也可指人格化的庄严的地方、集体或东西：
地方：the world's future，the country's good，the earth's surface，the city's population．the State's history，the globe's centre，India's policy，London's life，Honolulu's All Way Yacht Harbor
集体：the university's students，her sex's right，the Conservative's opinion，the church's doctrine，our bank's investments，the University of California's Music School
自然界的某些东西：the sun's rays，the mountain's brow，the ocean's roar，the river's bank，nature's work，the wind's sighing，the moon's rising
具有特别意思的某些事物（具体的或抽象事物）：
the brain's function，the book's importance，the car's history，the treaty's signing，a word's structure，Death's door，fortune's smile，duty's call，life's struggle，wisdom's ways，science's influence，the mind's development