every year's travelling expenses the previous night's conversation the bright sun's glancing rays noisy and dirty Liverpool's industry
形容词 类别的名词所有格（+主体词） Those child's tricks a world's fair his snake's tongue the snail's pace that student's life his gentleman's manners some nun's garments his child's eagerness
his convimcing preacher's tone three expert ship's carpenters a very spacious men's reading－room the scorching summer's sun（Scorching
does not modify summer．）
many small women's wards that haughty mayor's wife
在少数情况下，形容词修饰后面名词所有格，并与之构成习用语： An old wives'tale（an修饰tale，old修饰wives） My seven years'service
the happy New Year's Eve（happy 修饰Eve，而
New 修饰year）
her weary old maid's smile those terrible madman'smiles
128 类别的名词所有格更多说明品质，因此有时可用形容词代替：a devil's（=devilish）trick
his woman's（=womanish）heart my fool's（=foolish） errand the snail's（=slow） pace a giant's（=great） stride a moment's（=momentary） delusion
129 有些名词所有格可以理解为特指的，也可理解为类别的：
Her mother's heart（=the heart of her mother）（特指） is unkind． Her mother's（=kind） heart（表类别） would not abandon me． He lives in a gentleman's house（=the house belonging to a gentleman）．（特指）
He lives in a gentleman's house（=a house suitable for a gentleman）．（表类别）
This beginner's books（=The books of this beginner）（特指）are only two．
These beginner's（=elementary）books（表类别）are very easy．
E．名词所有格的位置
130 根据在句中的位置，名词所有格可分为5类。
131 1．放在主体词（即它所修饰的名词）前的名词所有格称为前置名词所有格（Pre-Possessives）。可以是特指的，也可以表类别。前面涉及的例子几乎全属这类。
132 2．有些名词所有格所修饰的主体词省略掉（因为这个主体词刚刚提过或即将提到），可称为独立名词所有格（Absolute Possessives）：
My son is in England and John's is in Germany．（因为 son 字刚刚提到，省略以避免重复。）
Mary's lessons are harder than Helen's．
A boy's character is different from a girl's（or that of a girl）． The dog's manner seems better than the cat's（or that of the cat）． John's books are difficult．Mary's（or those of Mary）are easy． John's is a good house．（省略的词有时在后面出现）（较文气的用法） Hitler's was a policy to conquer the world． I prefer John's to Mary's handwriting．
133 3．表示房子、商店或建筑物等主体词可以省掉，名词所有格单独用，这时称为地点名词所有格（Local Possessives）：
I went to Uncle's before I stayed at John's．（房子） I bought it at a grocer's（or the tobacconist's，a large photographer's）．（商店）
I went to St．Andrew's（church），St．James's（Palace），Warner's（Cinema）and some other places．（建筑物）
Harrod's（or Longman's）is（or are）near at hand．（商店名称可看作单数，也可看作复数。）
134 4．放在主体词及of后的名词所有格称为后置名词所有格
（Post-Possessives）。在主体词前有限定性形容词修饰时，常可这样用： this friend of John's that good dog of Mary's any（great）work of Shake all（strong）men of spear's William's
no（serious）fault of the doctor's such（short）legs of this
animal's
Which book of my brother's？ What mistakes of my sister's？ three daughters of my dog's so many tricks of this horse's a son of John's（常见） the son of John's（少见） （good）books of Mary's（少见） （yood）wine of my uncle's（少见）
注：这时名词所有格中的名词必须指某一特定的人，主体词不能是专有名词。 这类用法常常表示“一部分”，如：this friend of John's 可以暗含John还有别的朋友；three daughters of Mary's 说明Mary的女儿不止3个。但有时并无此种含义，如：this Hamlet of Shakespeare's 并不表示莎士比亚写了两本或更多的《哈姆雷特》。上下文可以表明是否有这种含义。
一般说来，John's son比 the son of John's 好，因为更简练，但 John's most intelligent son 似乎不如 the most intelligent son of John's 好，John's books for children 似乎不及the books of John's for children。主体词若有一个短语和从句修饰，用后置名词所有格似乎比用前置名词所有格好。
另一方面，在下面类型的用法中，“of+普通格名词” 要比“of+后置名词所有格”好：
a good friend of my father（不是 father's）（没有表示“一部分”的意图）
that play of Shakespeare（不是 Shakespeare's）（没有表示部分的意图） a friend of my brother（不是 brother's），Dr．Johnson．（这时of的宾语后跟有一组同位语）
this friend of John's brother（不是 brother's）（这时前面还有一个名词所有格）
some friends of my sister（不是 sister's）who knows the Mayor（这时后面跟有一个从句）
every friend of my brother and（or）my sister（这时后面跟有一个由and或of引起的短语）
all friends of my family（这时宾语为一集体名词）
135 5．放在系动词后，以主语为主体词的名词所有格称为主语名词所有格（Predicate Possessives）。
This house is my aunt's．（aunt's=aunt's house） Everything is God's．
His manner cannot be a gentleman's．
名词所有格间或放在 It is后及一个不定式之前，表示特权或义务，这是一个比较文气的用法，平常用得很少：
It is John's（obligation）to pay the rent． It is John's（privilege）to use the house． It will be Mary's to cook and obey． It is man's to work and suffer．
It will be children's to enjoy what their parents have accomplished．
F．所有格还是普通格？
136 前面谈到名词所有格可有特指和类别两种作用。为了避免误解，一些类别的名词所有格可以去掉“'s”，成为普通名词。
名词所有格在指人时，偶尔把“'s”去掉：
her angel air his baby face a pirate ship the non-partisan view a Peter Pan ride that bachelor life the sick（作名词）ward the retired（作名词）list a mother heart scientist eyes 指动物时，省掉“'s”时更多一些：
the rabbit hole an eagle eye his serpent tongue that lion heart the tortoise gait the eagle noise