1 作主语 用主格 指主语用主格 Does he enjoy listening to music? Was it she who saw the white cat? I believe the writer to be him. These books belong to them. 2 作表语 指宾语用宾格 3 注意:
作宾语 用宾格 (1)代词并列时,排列顺序为“二,三,一”人称,如:“you,he and I”;“him and me”。 (2)人称代词常在名词后,但“you”在名词前,如:“you, Tom and I”。 (3)其他种类代词在“人称代词”后,如:“he and some others”。 (4)口语中,宾格作表语,如:“It’s me.”。 3.物主代词: 分 类 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词
注意:名词性物主代词可用于双重所有格中: She is a friend of mine. 4.反身代词: 序 号 在句中充当的成分 位于动词后 1 宾语 位于介词后 Take care of yourselves. 句法功能 作定语 作主语、表语、宾语 例 句 This is my pen. This bike is hers. 例 句 She could dress herself when she was six. 第 6 页,共 35页
“宾语+and”后 2 表 语 同 3 位 宾语同位语 语 并 列 4 主 nor之后 语 注意:
(1)反身代词不单独作主语。
and之后 or之后 主语同位语 She invited Mike and myself to the party. He doesn’t seem himself today. He himself had to do it/He had to do it himself. You can ask the president himself. (Both)Mary and myself will go. (Either)Mary or yourself will go. (Neither)Mike nor yourself have anything to do with it. (2)oneself也是一个反身代词,用法与上面相同。One should not live for oneself alone. 5.指示代词:“this,that,these,those”,可作名词用也可作形容词用。见下表: 1 2 在句中的成分 作 名 词 3 用 作形容词用 作表语 His idea is this. 作主语 作宾语 例 句 This is Smith. I like this. 4 作定语 This way,please. 6.不定代词:
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序 分 功 用法 号 类 能 接可数单数 接可数复数 接三类名词 every“每个的”,只作定语 指三者或三者以上的“每个的”。 不定代词 例词或例句 说明 作 形 1 容 词 定语 every body other other boys no no people no=not a/any someone,somebody anyone,anybody everyone,everybody no one,nobody 作 主语、名 表代单数语、(物) 词 宾语 代单数(人) someone,somebody Someone is waiting for 用肯定句中或表Jack. 建议等的疑问句中; Is everyone here? anyone,anybody用Is there anybody out? 于否定条件句或疑问句中。 something用于肯定句或表建议等Something is wrong with 的句子里;my bike. anything用于否定句或疑问句中。 She likes to help others. the others其余的人/物。 2 something,anything nothing,everything 代复数 others,the others (人/物) Where are the others? 指三者或三者以上当中“没一个”。 little“几乎没有”,表否定。 few“几乎没有”表否定;both只用于两者“两者都”。 none None of us is afraid. 3 既可作名词又可主语、定语、表语、不可数 little,a little,much There’s little time left. 可数复数 few,a few,many,several, Both my sisters are good. both 第 8 页,共 35页
作宾语 形可数单数 容词 one each(二者或三者以上的“每一”) another,either,neither Each student has a pencil. either二者之中任一个;neither二者之中没一个。 接/代三类名词 all,some,any,such,the other some用于肯定句He has two sons.One is a 或表建议的句中;doctor. The other(one)is a any用于否定、疑teacher. 问句或条件句中。 He has lots of/a lot of friends. He has a lot to say. 可数复数或不可数 lots of, a lot of, a lot 注意:
(1)both(二者都)和all(三者或以上都)可以作同位语,位于助动词,系动词或情态动词后,行为动词之前。
The boys are all in the classroom. Both(of)my brothers like sports.
(2)every other+可数名词单数:指“每隔一?”。 They go to play basketball every other day.
(3)no/any/every/some与one/body构成的复合词指人,不用于of前。
(4)all/both/every及其复合词与否定词连用时,表部分否定。相应的全否定为none/neither/no one/nobody/nothing等。
Not all of us are teachers=All of us are not teachers. None of us are students.
(5)“another+数词+名词复数”表示“再来(数词)?”。 Another two coffees,please.
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(6)the other+单数可数名词或不可数名词或复数可数名词表示“其余的/所有剩下的?”。 The other boys are playing on the playground. the other后不接任何词时,指“二者中的另一个。” I have two skirts. One is red. The other is blue and white stripes.
7.疑问代词:用来构成特殊疑问句。在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语等。
在句中成分 主语 宾语 定语 补语 表语
例句 Who did it? What are you doing? Whose bike is it? What do you call it in Japanese? Whose is this book? 公共英语等级考试PETS二级语法资料汇总(四)数词
(四)数词 1. 数词分类:
分类 基数词 序数词
2.基数词的构成及用法:
在句中充当的成分 主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语 例词 one, eleven, fifty 主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语、second, eighth, fortieth 状语 第 10 页,共 35页