在二者中哪个是更?的那个 哪个更?，A还是B？ Which / Who is the+比较级+of the two? Who is the taller of the twins? Which/Who+谓+比较级，A Who runs faster, Lily or Mary? or B? 比较级and+另一比较级+than+? He’s getting healthier and stronger than his brother. Tom made less mistakes than Jack. 表“越来越?” 表“比?更少”或“不如?” less+原级或名词+than This story is less interesting than that one. She’s less rich than he. She is more hard-working than clever. Mr.Smith is more an artist than a teacher. She’s more than a teacher. more+原级+than 表“与其说”，“不如?”，“不止?” more+名词+than more+than+原级/名词 She’s more than tired. 表“并不比某某?”或“与某某一样no+比较级+than? 不?” 三者或三者以上比较“某某最?” She’s no taller than you. (the)+最高级+of+复数名词 He runs fastest of the boys. 最高级 “在三者或三者以上当中最?之一” 在某区域的“最?” (the)+最高级+in+单数集体名词或地点 one of the+最高级+复数名词+? the+序数词+最高级(+名词)+in+区域 He is the tallest in his class. She’s one of the best students in this class. It is the second longest river in the world. “第几大/长?” 第 21 页，共 35页
“三者以上当中谁/哪个最?”
Which/Who+谓语+（the）最高级，A、B、C or D? Who jumps highest, Tom,Jack or Smith? 公共英语等级考试PETS二级语法资料汇总(七)冠词
(七)冠词
1．冠词的概念及种类：
分类 含义 形式 a 不定冠词 表示“一”，强调类别 例词 a pen an Englishman 用于单数可数名词前，表泛指 说明 an this这 the bike that那 定冠词 these这些 the empty box those那些
2．不定冠词a/an的用法：
用 法 用于单数可数名词前，指类别 用于单数可数名词前，泛指某人或物 用于指初次提到某人/物 指某类物或人中的“任何一个” 用在不可数名词前表“一次/场/”或“一个/种举 例 Joan is an English teacher. There’s a letter for you. She has a dog. A horse runs fast. I would like a coffee. the the water 用于各类名词前，表特指 第 22 页，共 35页
人或物” 用于时间、度量衡名词前表“每一” He has two meals a day. as a result(of),have a rest have a chat,in a hurry 用于某些习惯用语或固定词组中 have a word with sb. a little,a lot(of),a pair of a cup of,a great deal of
3.定冠词the的常见用法：
用法 用在序数词前 用在形容词最高级前 特指双方都知道的人/物 指前面出现的人/物 指世上独一无二的事物前 用在被修饰限定的人/物前 例 句 Tom is always the first to get to school. Is it the most difficult lesson in this term? Did you go to the hospital just now? He has a dog.The dog is named Huzi. The sun rises in the east. Do you know the boy talking with our teacher? She plays the piano. 乐器、文娱等名称前 注：play football (football前不加the) “年代”数词前 “方位、方向”名词前 用在姓氏复数前表一家人或夫妇 In the 1960’s China is in disorder. Please turn to the left. The Smiths are having dinner. 第 23 页，共 35页
用在某些形容词，表一类人/物 用在阶级、机构、党派的名词前 江河、海湖、海湾、海峡、群岛、山脉等的名词前 在固定搭配中
The English are friendly. America is a member of the United Nations. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. by the way,in the end 公共英语等级考试PETS二级语法资料汇总(八)动词
(八)动词
1.动词的概念及种类 动词是表示动作或状态的词，按在句中的功用分为以下四种：
类别 用法及意户 例词 例句与说明 She likes watching TV. Do you enjoy listening to music? That story happened last year. When did Tom arrive? be, stay, remain 表动作或状态，实 及物动有完整词义，后词（vt.） 接宾语，能单独作谓语 义 动 表动作或状态，有完整词义，后接宾语，能单独作谓语 表示“是”，“仍是” 本身有连词义，系但须与动表语一词 起构成谓语 表“变得” like, enjoy, watch, want 不及物动词词 (vi.) rise, come, arrive, happen She remains a teacher. become, get, grow, fall, It’s getting warm. go,turn That sounds a good idea. It tastes delicious. 表“听/看/闻/摸/尝 起来” sound / look / smell / feel / taste 表“似乎”,“好象” seem,appear He seems all right. 第 24 页，共 35页
Does he speak English? Yes, he does. Do, Does, Did(位于句首谓语动词是单独构成一般问句) 的行为动词，在一般现在时/过去时的句中帮助构成否定或疑问 don’t / doesn’t / didn’t(位于谓语动词前来表否定) 与doing连用构成进行时 与done连用构成被动语态 与done连用构成完成时 后接动词原形构成将来时 本身有意义，但不能单独作谓语，与主要情动词原态形一起动表示说词 话人的语气，情态，没有人称、数的变化。 No, he doesn’t. He doesn’t speak English. 本身无助意义不动单独作词 谓语 Jane didn’t go to school yesterday. be (not) doing She is doing homework now. her be done The tree was planed last year. have / has / had done She has gone back. will/ shall do I shall do it. can/could(没其他形式) 表“能够” be able to(有各种时态与形式) Jane could swim when she was six. I’ll be able to speak French next year. You may smoke here. “can’t”不可以；“may not”不可以 may(较正式) 表“许可” can(口语) can/could(用于一、二人称) 表“请求许可” may/might(用于第一人称) Can you help me? May I help you?=Can I help you? 第 25 页，共 35页