句子常用虚拟语气。 of常与fond, proud, tired连用表情绪上的原因； for表奖惩痛苦出名的原因，或内在心里的原因； from/out of“出于某需要，动机，认识”等原因； from还可指自然，直接的原因； at常指感情上的原因。 by表“用交通工具”或表“发出某动作”； on/in表用某交通工具； with用具体的“工具、材料”或伴随“抽象事物”； in用原料或语言； through通过具体过程，途径，手段，中介。 表 of 原 for 因 from/out of 的 from 介 at 词 I’m proud of having you as a friend. He’s famous for his writing. They are suffering from starvation. She fell ill from drinking unclean water. His mother is angry at his laziness. 表 by 方 on/in 式 with 的 in 介 through 词 I go to school by bus. I go to school on a bike. I write with a pen. Can you say it in English? I learned it through a friend.
公共英语等级考试PETS二级语法资料汇总(六)形容词、副词
(六)形容词、副词
1．形容词修饰名词/代词；副词修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子，在句中可充当定语、状语、补语、表语。
序号 1 功用 词类 位置用法 例词/例句 定形容在中心词前 He’s a small Japanese boy. 第 16 页，共 35页
语 词 副词 在中心词后 句首/中，表原因/时间 句末/中，表伴随/结果 I’ve got used to the life here. Tired and thirsty, we stopped to have a rest. He lay in bed, awake. You are quite right. Sometimes he goes to school on foot. He is tired. 系动词后 They are out. 形容词 2 状语 副词 在被修饰词前、后修饰全句，位置灵活 3 表语 形容词 副词 形容词 4 补语 副词 作主补在谓语后 作宾补在宾语后 作主补在谓语后 作宾补在宾语后 The little boy was found dead. He find it very useful. She was seen out. Let me show you out. 注意：
（1）the/these/those+形容词表示一类人/物；成对的形容词这样用时可省去the。 The rich are not always happy. High and low all like this flower.
（2）“enough足够的”作定语时既可放在中心词前也可放在中心词后；但作副词时只能后置。
We have enough food to eat. We have food enough to eat. It’s warm enough.
第 17 页，共 35页
（3）许多以前缀a-构成的形容词常作后置定语，这样的形容词有：awake, alone, alive, afraid, alike, asleep, ashamed等。 It is a book worth reading.
Do you know the man asleep over there?
（4）形容词修饰由some/any/no/every与one/body/thing构成的复合不定代词时，要后置。 I have something important to tell you.
（5）形容词（与其他词组/语构成的）短语作定语时要后置。 English is a language difficult to master.
（6）几个副词作状语并列时，位置一般按方式→地点→时间顺序排列。 He came here by air yesterday.
（7）几个形容词并列作表语时，并列的词之间用逗号隔开，最后两个词之间用and(but/yet)等连接，并列词的先后顺序较灵活（有时将强调的词放在最后）。 He is tall,dark and handsome.
2. 形容词、副词比较等级的构成及形式：
形 式 规 单音则 节词和少 数以-er, 变 -ow, -le, -y 结尾的双化 音节词 构 成 原级 一般 以不发音e结尾 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节 辅音字母加-y结尾的词 tall 比较级 加-er taller 最高级 加-est tallest noble 加-r nobler 加-st noblest wet big easy heavy 双写最后辅音字母再加-er wetter bigger easier heavier 双写最后辅音字母再加-est 改y为i再加-est wettest biggest easiest heaviest 改y为i再加-er 第 18 页，共 35页
delicious 多音节词，多数双音节词及部分加-ly等变来或由分词变来的词 slowly 词前加more tired tiresome more delicious more slowly 词前加most more tired more tiresome most delicious most slowly most tired most tiresome good better well 不 规 则 old 变 far 化 further later late latter 注意：
（1）形容词最高级前要用the,而副词最高级前的the可省。
（2）下面这些词的比较等级可在后面加-er/-est或在前面加more/most构成。
cruel, often, able, clear, clever, correct, dear, free, friendly, happy, handsome, likely, lively,
第 19 页，共 35页
best bad/ill worse badly many more much little less elder older farther least eldest oldest farthest furthest latest last most worst
pleasant, right, simple, quiet, solid, strange, strict, stupid, wrong, etc. 5. 形容词、副词比较等级常用的句型及用法：
类用法及意义 别 句型结构 例句 没有比较 very / so / quite / too, etc. +原级 as+原级+as+比较对象 ...times as+原级+as+比较对象 ...not as+原级+as+比较对象 ...not so+原级+as+比较对象 It was very warm yesterday. 二者比较程度相同 一方是另一方的几原倍 级 二者比，程度不同 You are as clever as Mike. This bridge is five times as long as that one. You are not as tall as he. 二者比，前者不如后者 二者比，一方比另一方更? Math isn’t so hard as physics. 比较级+than... You’re younger than Tom. 二者比，A比B?得多， 比 较 级 表“越?就越?” much / a lot /a little, rather, It’s much hotter today than it was yesterday. a great deal He’s still stronger than Jack. He’s far older than you. She’s getting fatter and fatter. The more you ask, the more you’ll understand. This line is four times longer than that one. A比B甚至还要?/一点 a bit/far/even/still/a little, etc.+比较级+than 表“越来越?” 比较级+and+同一比较级 the+比较级+?， the+比较级+?， A比B（高，长?）...times+比较级+than 多少倍 第 20 页，共 35页