can/could 表“可能” may/might(不用于问句) “can’t”只用于否定 “may not / might not”不可能 “mustn’t”意为“不可以”，表禁止 “don’t/doesn’t have to”意为“不必” shouldn’t/oughtn’t to不应该 are not supposed to不应该 Tom must be late. 作情态动词时常用于否定句，疑问句或条件从句 作行为动词时，常用于肯定句 —“Shall I open the door”? —“Sure,please.” Where shall we meet? —“Will you please open the door?” —“Sure.” —“Would you like to try one more.” —“No,thank you.” must 表“必须” have to(可有各种时态) should,ought to有义务 表“应该” be supposed to 表“一定” must 表“需要” need 表“敢” dare 表“请求指示” shall I / we / he?？ 表“向对方提出请求” Will / Would you please? 询问对方的意思 Would you like to?? 第 26 页，共 35页
表说话人的意愿 “命令、允诺、强制”等，用于二、三人称 表“意愿”，用于各人称 shall You shall be back at ten。 He shall obey the rules. will/would I will answer the phone. used to 表“过去常常习惯于” would 过去曾有的动作/状态；过去的习惯，此时相当于would；表次数时不用。 表过去动作的重复，有明确的时间状语；表过去的次数时不用。 May you succeed. 表“祝愿”
may 2．动词的基本形式及变化规则如下表：
情况/形式 原形 现在分词 加-ing 一般情况 talk talking 去e加-ing 以e结尾 remove removing 加-ing carry carrying 双写结尾辅音字母加-ing stopping carried 双写结尾辅音字母再加-ed stopped carried 双写结尾辅音字母再加-ed stopped removed removed talked 加-d talked 加-d 过去式 加-ed 过去分词 加-ed 以辅音字母加-y结尾 改y为i加-ed 改y为i再加-ed 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词 stop 第 27 页，共 35页
加-ing watch watching 改ie为y再加-ing tying 3．动词的时态
时 基本用法 态 习惯性或常发生的动作或存在的状态 常与之连用的时间状语 例句 watched watched 加-ed 加-ed 以s,x,sh,ch[tF]结尾的词 加-d tied 加-d tied 以ie结尾的词 tie He reads French every morning. 表能力，性格，特征等 in the morning / evening / Joan is a nice person. afternoon, The moon turns round the earth. 普遍真理的表述 every day / month/year / morning. 一般The scene changes back to the 剧本、图、文的解说 现park. 在时按时刻表，计划决定好sometimes, often, always, usually, The train leaves at 8:00. frequently, eldom, ever, never, 态 了的事 once,in a while, from time to time, today, these days, this week / I’ll call you as soon as I get the park. 在“时间，条件，方式，month / year, now, etc 让步状语从句”中表“将来”动作 You won’t be able to pass the exam unless you work hard. ...ago,just now,in 1976/1989, yesterday 过去常发生的动作或存在的状态，特征 在“虚拟语气”中表“现He often went to Shanghai last last Sunday / month / week / year, year. the day before yesterday, the other day,once, in those days / years,once He talks as if he were my 第 28 页，共 35页
一般过去时态 具体的过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态 Mary was here a moment ago.
在/将来”的情况 在“委婉”用语中表“现在/将来”,常与“could/would”连用在“时间，条件，让步”等状语从句中表“过去将来” upon a time, earlier, this month / teacher. week / year, then, sometimes, often, always, etc. I hoped you could help me. They planned to go out if it was fine the next day. shall(’ll)用于第一人称will(’ll)用于各人称，表示“将会”“意愿” I shall do it tomorrow morning. She’ll have to go there by herself. “am/is/are going to+v.原”表“即将发生，打一算做” 般将“is/am/are doing”表来“计划，安排” 时态 “is/am/are about to+v.原”“表即将就要发生/做” “is/am/are to+v.原” “表计划决定，要求，命令，传达命令指示等” “should+v.原/would+v.原”表过去预计将要发生的动作或存在的状态”。常用于从句或引语过中 去将“were/was going to+v.来原”表“过去即将发生时或打算要做” 态 “was/were+v.-ing”表“过去的计划，安排” “was/were about to+v.” tomorrow, in 2010, next morning / It looks as if it’s going to rain. year / week / month / time, in turn, soon, before long, in the year, to come, from now on,one day, He’s leaving for Guangdong some day, from now on, sometime tomorrow. in the future, in a few hours / days, the day after tomorrow, this evening, this afternoon, etc. She is about to go to school. You are to stay in the hotel. Your boyfriend told you. She said she would vote for me. She said she wouldn’t vote for me. 常用于状语从句、名词性从句或间接引语中。 She said it was going to rain soon. I wondered when the plane was arriving. I was about to go out when the 第 29 页，共 35页
原表“过去即将，就要” “was/were to+v.原”表“过去的计划决定，要求命令等” 说话时正进行的动作 现阶段正进行的动作 表“计划安排好的将来现动作” 在进表“反复经常”的动作，行常与always等连用，有时责备，高兴等较浓的感态 情色彩。 now, at present, these days, phone rang. He told us they were to hold a meeting the next day. He is playing basketball now. I’m writing a book these days. She’s flying to Paris tomorrow. this morning / week / month, during this season, Look! Listen! They are always talking in etc. meeting. always, constantly, frequently, all He is constantly leaving things the time about. 在here/there引起的句子中可用“一般现在时”表进行。 过去某一时刻正进行的过动作 去进过去某一阶段正进行的行动作 时态 在过去看来即将发生的动作 过去开始的动作/状态一直延续到现在 现在完成时态 在现在为止一个动作状态已多次发生 到现在为止时的一动作状态经历 过去完成的动作对现在Here comes the bus. this time yesterday, at that time, What were you doing at that moment? then, all morning, at that moment, the Last year we were building the whole library. night, during?, when I came in, He wondered whether she was etc leaving. since+时间点/?ago/从句；for+时段；in the past/last five years once, twice, three times, many times before, ever, never so far,by now, lately, recently, just, already, yet I have lived here for six years. I’ve seen the film four times. I’ve never been to America. He has just come back. 第 30 页，共 35页