摘 要:为探讨中华武术的审美意蕴,使其在中西方体育文化中保持独有的魅力,逐步融入现代社会发展当中。研究首先梳理了中华武术审美意蕴的历史流变,认为在历史长河中,部分中国的古典美学内涵被武术所吸收,对武术产生深远影响。通过比较中国武术与西方体育的审美意蕴差异,认为武术与西方体育不同表现可归纳为:内在的自我修养与外在自我表现的差异,即武术技击的动静疾徐、刚柔虚实,融入对立统一的整体和谐审美体验之中,具有自身的特色。面对当前的社会发展浪潮,全面理解传统武术的审美意蕴,将有助于武术在各层次的传播与推动。
关 键 词:体育美学;传统武术;中西体育审美差异
中图分类号:G80-05 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-7116(2015)03-0063-04
Abstract: In order to probe into the aesthetic implications of Chinese Wushu, so that it maintains its unique charm in western sports cultures, and gradually blends into modern society development, the author first collated the historical changes of the aesthetic implications of Chinese Wushu, concluded that in the long history some Chinese classical aesthetic connotations were absorbed by Wushu, and produced profound influence on Wushu. By comparing the difference between the aesthetic implications of Chinese Wushu and western sports, the author concluded that the different expressions of Wushu and western sports can be sorted into differences in intrinsic self-cultivation and extrinsic self-expression, i.e. the quickness or smoothness, rigidness or softness, realness or unrealness of movement of Wushu moves, blend into a unified whole of opposites and harmonic aesthetic experience, having one of a kind characteristics. Facing the tide of social development, comprehensively understanding the aesthetical implications of traditional Wushu will be conducive to the communication and promotion of Wushu at all levels.
Key words: sports aesthetics;traditional Wushu;aesthetical differences between Chinese and western sports
武术在华夏大地绵延数千年,原因不仅是其具有健体、防身的功能,还因具有美的意蕴,其美学内涵不逊于西方现代体育。如今,源于西方文化的体育运动风靡全球,已是不争的事实。不过,东方学者要想使武术得到更好发展,屹立于国际舞台,固然要修改规则适应国际环境,也应该通过比较中西方体育的异同,突出东方武术自身优势,通过传统武术蕴含的美学价值加以保护。
1 中国古典美学对武术的影响
1)武术美学意蕴的历史流变。
据史籍记载,中国早在约五千年前就出现了各种兵器。之后,产生了练习武艺的简单制度,“三时务农而一时讲武”(《礼记》),规定了训练时间和内容。“舞于羽两阶”(《尚书》)的集体操练和“执技论力”(《礼记》)的对抗性比赛也开始出现。这些“以弓矢舞,持干戚舞”的娱乐性武舞,具有较高的审美价值。
随着阶级社会的出现,一部分原本用于狩猎等生产活动的技能和工具,转而用于军事活动,同时也产生了更多用于战争的新技艺和新武器。武术之美,悄然孕育其中。春秋战国时期,艺术繁荣促进了美学观念的诞生。武术美学意蕴总体表现出“内道外儒”的特点,儒家与道家的互补体现武术的审美特征。儒家“仁者爱人”观念的发展,逐步形成了武术传统武德。以老子、庄子为代表的道家,追求超功利和精神绝对自由的审美境界,主张顺应自然、摆脱束缚获得自由以达到美的境界。道家美学诸多命题,直接映射到中国武术理论与实践当中,使武术自身带有深奥的哲理,不少知名武术家的技击招式也外显神奇之美。
论武术审美意蕴及其与西方体育审美意蕴的差异
2021-05-08 02:29
论武术审美意蕴及其与西方体育审美意蕴的差异.doc
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