考试复习
Second ring = zone of transition, （过渡区）low socio-economic sector（低社会经济区域）, light manufacturing.（轻工业制造）
Third ring = workers who work in zone two.
Fourth ring = high end apartments(高档公寓), single family homes, entertainment, commercial establishments.
Fifth ring = Commuters zone, suburbs, semirural areas 30-60 minutes commute to CBD. ②Hoyt s Sector Theory
The Sector Theory
Primarily concerned residential neighborhoods. Residential neighborhoods viewed as wedge-shaped sectors surrounding CBD.
Principles of the Sector Theory
Group in social order tend to segregated into areas according to socio-econ.
The highest income groups live in houses that command highest prices.
The lower socio economic groups live in houses that demand lower prices.
Generally lower socio economic areas are located near business, and industrial areas.
The principle growth of American Cities has taken place by new building at the periphery rather than by rebuilding of older areas.
Some cities beginning to resemble a hollow shell.
Demand sometimes by-passes areas thus limiting development.
③Harris and Ullman s Multiple-Nuclei Theory
Multiple nuclei model
Harris and Ullman 1940 s
A modification of the sector theory
Various districts, and areas around a nuclei
Certain activities require specialized facilities.
Certain like activities group together because they profit from cohesion
Certain unlike activities are detrimental to each other.
Certain activities are unable to afford the high rents of the most desirable sites
第三章
3、. (What is Ecological Complex)
What is Ecological Complex?
Population, Organization, Environment, Technology can be used to identify clusters of relationships in ecosystem processes.
ecosystem: the interacting environmental and biotic system exchange between the living and non-living, human communities and their habitats.
Ecosystem: is not just a metaphor for human organization. It is human organization.
4、The social-culture ecologists emphasize the role of culture in determining human behavior. Culture, in this perspective, is learned behavior that may or may not be associated with judicious economic use of land and scarce resources.
Several excellent examples of studies