细胞骨架的另一个主要结构成分是微管，由球状的微管蛋白组成，象脚手架一般维持细胞的稳定形态。细胞骨架的中间丝提供了细胞质伸缩动力。机械酶，例如，肌球蛋白，动力蛋白，驱动蛋白与微丝，微管相互作用产生动力而引起细胞运动。
Cellular Movements（细胞运动
Although the cytoskeleton provides some stability稳固 to cells, its microtubules
英[ maikr u tju:bju:l] and filaments 丝状物 and their associated proteins enable cells to move by creeping 爬行 or gliding 滑动. Such movements require a solid固体的 substrate to which the cell can adhere附着 and can be guided by the geometry d i mitri] 几何形状of the surface. Some cells also exhibit [iɡ zibit] 展览 chemotaxis, kem tæksis趋药性 the ability to move toward or away from the source of a diffusing 扩散 chemical.
尽管细胞骨架提供了细胞的某些稳定性，微丝，微管及相关蛋白能使细胞爬行或滑动。这种运动需要固体基质依托并通过表面几何形状的改变而运动。某些细胞具备趋药性，即趋向或逃离扩散开的化学源。
Certain eukaryotic cells can swim freely in liquid environments, propelled by whiplike cilia [ sili ]纤毛or flagella 英[fl d el 鞭毛. Both cilia and flagella have the same internal structure: nine doublets (pairs of microtubules) are arranged in a ring and extend the length of the cilium or flagellum, and two more microtubules run down the center of the ring. Every cilium or flagellum grows only from the cell surface where a basal body基体is located. Movement is based on the activities of tiny dynein动力蛋白 side arms that extend from one of the microtubules of each doublet成对的东西.
某些真核细胞能在液体液体中自由运动，由纤毛或鞭毛推动。纤毛和鞭毛具有同样的内部结构：九个双微管环形排列，纵向延伸，环中心是两个或以上微管组成。纤毛或鞭毛从细胞表面的基体出生长，双微管的动力蛋白臂从一侧延伸到另一侧而引起运动。
Nutrients, proteins, and other materials within most plant cells are moved about via cytoplasmic streaming. The process occurs as myosin mai usin肌凝蛋白 proteins attached to organelles 细胞器,小器官 push against microfilaments arrayed [ rei] 展示throughout the cell. Microfilaments and microtubules are responsible for almost all major cytoplasmic movements. During cell division, microtubules of the spindle assembled 集合, 收集 from tubutin subunits near organelles called centrioles move the chromosomes.
大部分植物细胞的营养，蛋白质和其它物质由细胞质流运输。这个过程是由于依附在细胞器上的肌球蛋白反推排列在细胞周围的微丝形成的。绝大部分细胞质运动由微丝和微管完成。在细胞分裂期间，中心粒周围的由微管蛋白亚基装配形成的纺锤体微管移向染色体。
Glossary
cytoplasm （细）胞质
The living contents of a cell bounded externally by the plasmalemma, including an aqueous ground substance (hyaloplasm, cell sap, or cell matrix) containing organelles and various inclusions but excluding the nucleus and visible vacuoles.
cytoskeleton 细胞骨架
Of eukaryotic cells, an internal "skeleton". Its microtubules and other components structurally support the cell, organize and move its inteftial components. The cytoskeleton also helps free-living cells move through their environment.
nucleus 细胞核，核(复数 nuclei)
The organelle of the eukaryote cell that contains the chromosomes and hence ultimately controls cellular activity and inheritance through the activity of the genetic material, DNA