light-dependent reactions 光反应-
The first stage in photosynthesis, driven by light energy. Electrons that trap the
sun's energy pass the energy to high-energy carriers such as ATP or NADPH, where it
is stored in chemical bonds.
light-independent reactions 暗反应
The second stage of photosynthesis, also called the Calvin-Benson cycle, which
does not require light. During the six steps of the cycle, carbon is fixed and
carbohydrates are formed.
chloroplast 叶绿体
A plastid in which photosynthesis is carried out. Chloroplasts occur in all
photosynthetic organisms except photosynthetic bacteria and blue-green algae.
absorption spectrum 吸收光谱，吸收谱
The spectrum obtained when radiation (light, ultraviolet radiation, etc.) from a
source giving a continuous spectrum is passed through a substance.
Calvin-Benson cycle 卡尔文·本森循环
Cyclic reactions that are the "synthesis" part of the light-independent reactions of
photosynthesis. In land plants, RUBP, or some other compound to which carbon has been affixed, under goes rearrangements that lead to formation of a sugar phosphate
and to regeneration of the RUBP. The cycle runs on ATP and NADPH from
light-dependent reactions.
carotenoid 类胡萝卜素
Light-sensitive, accessory pigments that transfer absorbed energy to
chlorophylls. They absorb violet and blue wave-lengths but transmit red, orange,
and yellow.
chlorophyll 叶绿素
The green substance of plants by which photosynthesis is accomplished; it is
usually localized in intracellular organelles called chloroplasts.
cyclic photophosphorylation
环形光合磷酸化（作用）
Cyclic photophosphorylation is coupled to cyclicelectron flow, in which ATP is the
only product.
C3 plant 三碳植物
A plant in which the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis start with a
threecarbon compound. Most plants are C3 plants.
C4 plant 四碳植物
A plant such as corn in which the light independent reactions of photosynthesis star
with a four-carbon compound.
noncyclic photophosphorylation
非环形光合磷酸化作用
Noncyclic photophosphorylation is coupled to noncyclic electron flow, the
electrons being used to reduce NADP+ as well as to make ATP.
photon 光子
A particle that has zero mass or charge and unit spin, the quantum of the
electromagnetic field and carrier of the electromagnetic force.
photophosphorylation 光合磷酸化作用
The synthesis of ATP from phosphate and ADP during photosynthesis, using light
energy.