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养结果是类似的。Numerousstudieshaveshownthatitissafetofeedthegutintheimmediatepostoperativeperiodandthatthispracticedoesnotplacetheintegrityofintestinalanastomosesatrisk.为数众多的研究标明术后即刻的肠内营养是安全的，同时对肠吻合口也不会带来风险。Earlyfeedinghasbeenstudiedprimarilyintwopatientpopulations:thosewhohaveundergonegastrointestinalsurgeryandintraumaticallyinjuredorcriticallyillpersons.早期进食实验最初是在两组实验病人中进行：一组是为胃肠术后病人，另一组为创伤或危重病人。Arecentmeta-analysisreviewed11prospective,randomized,controlledtrailsthatcomparedthepracticeofearlyenteralfeedingtomaintainingpatientsNPOafterelectivegastrointestinalsurgery.最近的一项meta分析对11个随机分组前瞻性研究来对照择期胃肠术后早期肠内营养与禁食病人。Thisanalysisof837patientsconcludedthatthereisnoclearadvantagetokeepingpatientsNPOpostoperativelyandthatearlyfeedingmaybeofbenefitindecreasinginfectionsandshorteningpostoperativelengthofstay.对837位病人的研究标明术后禁食病人（比早期肠内营养）没有明显益处，而且早期进食可以降低感染率，缩短住院时间。However,acloserevaluationofthisdatarevealsthatthelengthofstaywasreducedonlyby0.84day,andalthoughtherewasanincreasein“anytypeofinfection”intheNPOgroup,whenconsideredindividually,therewasnodifferenceintheincidenceofanastomoticdehiscence,woundinfections,pneumonia,intra-abdominalabscess,ormortality.但是，另一项相近的研究认为禁食组病人虽然住院时间缩短了0.84天，但“感染”发生率提高了，个别进行分析的结果表明，吻和口瘘，切口感染，肺炎，腹内脓肿及死亡率（两组间）没有差别。In2001MarikandZalogaperformedameta-analysisof15randomized,controlledtrailsinvolving753subjectsthatcomparedearlywithdelayedenteralnutritionincriticallyillsurgicalpatients.Earlyenteralnutritionwasassociatedwithasignificantlylowerincidenceofinfection(relativeriskreductionof0.45)andreducedlengthofhospitalstay(2.2daysless).2001年Marik和Zaloga对15组753例危重外科病人进行了meta分析以比较早期和晚期肠内营养的疗效。早期肠内营养组感染发生率明显较低（相对风险降低0.45），住院日也有减少（少2.2天）。Therewerenodifferencesinnoninfectiouscomplicationsorinmortality.Theauthorsconcludedthatearlyinitiationofenteralfeedingwasbeneficial,butthisresultmustbeinterpretedwithcautionbecauseofsubstantialheterogeneitybetweenstudies.非感染性并发症和死亡率无明显差别。作者认为早期肠内营养是有益的，但是考虑
到研究中的差异性，这个结果需要谨慎对待