(college diploma/ wonderful example/ drop out of )
Some people achieved great success even though they did not have college diplomas. A wonderful example of this is the founder of Microsoft, Bill Gates, who dropped out of Harvard in his junior year. 4. Structured writing:
1)What Is A Paragraph?
A paragraph is a group of related sentences developing one central idea. It is a unit in itself and is also part of the essay.
2) The Basic characteristics:
A. Unity, which means you discuss one single idea in a paragraph. The mian idea is stated in the topic sentence and then all supporting sentences in the paragraph develop that idea.
B. Coherenence, which means your paragraph is easy to read and understand, because A) your supporting sentences are logically ordered and B)your ideas are connected by transition words and phrases. These words create bridges from one sentence to the next.
C. Completeness, which means your paragraph should be a well developed one. If all sentences clearly and sufficiently support the main idea, then your paragraph is complete. Otherwise, the paragraph is incomplete.
3)Main Components:
A. Topic Sentence: states main idea of the paragraph
It helps the writer focus on the main idea and also helps the reader know about what the paragraph is all about. It is normally the first sentence of the paragraph.
B. Supporting Details: develop the topic sentence
They give more information about the main idea through examples or details. They should be strong convincing points on which the topic sentence can rely upon.
C. Concluding sentence: signals the end of a paragraph and leaves the reader with important points to remember
In summary, a well-written paragraph should be of unity, coherence and completeness. It should contain three types of sentences: topic sentence, supporting sentences and concluding sentence.
4.)The Process of Writing A Paragraph
A. Compose your topic sentence. Think of a topic and a controlling idea that will narrow the topic enough to support it well in one paragraph.
B. Brainstorm supporting ideas. Choose 2 - 6 supporting ideas that do a good job supporting your topic sentence.
C. Put your supporting ideas in a logical order. D. Think of a concluding sentence.
E. write your paragraph and use the coherence strategies to make your
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paragraph easy to follow.
An Example:
Topic sentence: Traveling is a beneficial experience for us. Supporting ideas:
1) relieve pressure
2) broaden horizon 3) make friends
Concluding sentence: Traveling can do us a lot of good. Sample paragraph
Traveling is a beneficial experience for us. First of all, it helps people relieve pressures and enjoy the beauty of nature. Second, it can enrich our knowledge and experiences of the world and broaden our horizon. In addition, it makes it possible for us to make friends with people in different areas. To sum up, traveling can do us a lot of good. The Topic Sentence
To write a paragraph, you first need to decide on your purpose. You need to decide in advance what idea you are trying to communicate in your paragraph. Once you are sure of your idea, the next step to be taken is to make your idea clear to your reader. You can do this by starting your idea in a topic sentence.
When writing a topic sentence, you must hear three points in mind:
1）The topic sentence must be a complete sentence, e. g. The process of learning is essential to our lives.
The British attitude towards food is very different from the attitude in my own country.
My grandfather was very easy to get on with.
2）The topic sentence is made up of two parts, the topic and the controlling idea, i. e.
Topic Sentence = Topic + Controlling idea e.g. Convenience foods are easy to prepare.
topic controlling idea
Alcoholic beverages should he banned from college students, for two reasons. topic controlling idea controlling idea controlling idea 3）The topic sentence should be neither too general nor too specific, e.g. American food is terrible. (too general)
American food is tasteless and greasy because Americans use too many canned, frozen, and packaged foods and because is fried in oil or butter. (too specific) American fond is tasteless and greasy. (suitable)
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Section B
Ⅰ.Reading skills ----- Previewing
1. Read the title and subtitles if there are any. 2. Read the first paragraph.
3. Read the first sentence of each remaining paragraph. 4. Read the last paragraph. Ⅱ.Detailed study of the text: 1.Questions previewing
1. Read the title of text B and predict what may be the topic of the text and what the
writer’s purpose of writing this letter is.
2. How does the father feel when his child is about to leave home and start college?
Why? (Paras.1-2)
3. What does the father think of college years in one’s life? Why? (Para. 3)
4. According to the father, what can you do if you want to be a good self-learner?
(Para. 3)
5. According to the father, what kind of course should be taken? (Para. 4) 6. What is the father’s attitude towards grades? (Para. 5)
7. In making friends, what advice does the father give to his child? (Para. 6) 8. How does the father expect his child to deal with college experience? (Paras. 7-9) 2. Practical phrases 1) open up出现，成为可能
只要你今天努力工作并做好准备，明天一个光明的未来将展现在你的面前。 ( as long as/well-prepared/brighter future/open up )
As long as you work hard and get well-prepared today, a brighter future will open up before you tomorrow.
2) take something seriously认真对待某事
这些建议可能不是很完美，但是我们必须认真对待。 (may not be / take them seriously)
These suggestions may not be perfect, but we have to take them seriously. 3).sign up for sth. 报名，选课
在选择选修课时，很多大学生考虑诸如个人兴趣、时间安排以及课程实用性等因素。(signing up for / optional course/ time schedule)
When signing up for the optional course, many college students will take into consideration such factors as personal interests, time schedule, practicality of the courses and so on.
4) be bound by sth. or sb. 被某事或某人所左右
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真正聪明的人往往会虚心地听取他人的意见，但永远不会被他人的思想所禁锢。 (keep an open mind / be bound by )
A wise man tends to keep an open mind to others, but he will never be bound by the ideas held by other people.
5) give sb. the benefit of the doubt 姑且相信某人 听了他的解释，我准备姑且相信他。
After hearing his explanation, I was prepared to give him the benefit of the doubt. 6) evolve to the fullest potential发挥出最大的潜力
观众的鼓励与喝彩使他的运动潜能发挥到了极致，最终获得了金牌。 (encouragement and cheering / sports talent / evolve to the fullest potential)
The audience’s encouragement and cheering helped his sports talent evolve to the fullest potential, thus winning the gold medal in the end. 7) be born to do / be sth. 天生适合做某事
南希天生就是个舞蹈家，她没有经过任何舞蹈训练，却跳得这么好。
Nancy was born to be a dancer. She danced so well without having any dance training. 8) can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事
顺利的通过了昨天的求职面试后，他迫不及待地要告诉妈妈这个好消息。
After he succeeded in the job interview yesterday, he could not wait to tell his mother the good news.
3.Functional patterns
1) There has been no greater joy than watching you arrive at this moment. (Para.2, L2) There has been no greater joy/sorrow/pride/shame than doing something.
用于表达―做某事时某人最大的快乐/痛苦/骄傲/耻辱等‖，否定的比较级结构表达最高级的意义。
人的一生中可能会经历许多挫折，但最令人遗憾的莫过于虚度光阴，一事无成。 (go through / dream hours away / accomplish)
A person may go through many setbacks in his life, but there has been no greater regret than dreaming hours away and accomplishing nothing significant.
2) College will be the most important time of your life. It is here that you will truly discover what learning is about. (Para.3, L1)
Sb. or sth. will be + 最高级of / in… It is sb. or sth. that... 用于―强调某人或某事的重要性或作用‖。
在一个人成长过程中，学校是最为重要的地方之一。在这里，你不仅获得丰富的知识，而且学会如何做人。
acquires abundant knowledge / conduct oneself)
School is one of the most important places during one’s growth. It is here that one not only acquires abundant knowledge but also learn how to conduct oneself in society.
3) It is better that your greatest effort earns a lesser grade than that no effort earns you a
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decent or higher grade. (Para. 5)
句型提炼 It is better that sb. does sth. than that sb. does sth. else. 用于表达―某人做某事比他做其它事情要好‖。
无论将来如何，我们尽最大努力应对危险总比坐以待毙要好。 (future holds for us / approach the dangers / passively )
No matter what the future holds for us, it is better that we do our very best to approach the dangers than that we do nothing waiting passively for our end. 4) More importantly, make friends and trust others. (Para.6, L1) 句型提炼 More importantly, (sb. should) do something 用于表达―突出强调做某事的重要性‖ 。
性格相似、志趣相投会有助于你与他人交友。更为重要的是，要真诚相待，开诚布公。 Similar personality and common interests may contribute to making friends with others. More importantly, be honest and open to each other.
Unit 2 Section A A child’s clutter awaits an adult’s return Teaching Objectives :
1)To talk about the love between the parents and children
2)To understand the love between the mother and the daughter in the text 3)To apply the phrases and patterns
4)To write an essay creatively based on the understanding of the text Ⅰ. Warming-up activities : work in pairs and discuss the following questions. 1. How close are you and your parents?
I have been missing my parents a lot since I left for college.
I often chat with my parents.
I like sharing my joys and sorrows with my parents. I always remember my parents’ birthdays. I know about my parents’ hobbies.
My parents allow me to make my own decisions.
2. To what extent are you close to your parents?
? ? ? ?
be like friends;
never keep secret from them; ask them for advice;
give me directions about life …
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