3. Daniel held her head up so she could breathe and applied pressure to her wounds. (Para. 2)
Meaning: Daniel held her head up so she could breathe, and he pushed hard on her wounds in order to stop the bleeding.
Note: The word apply here means ―use physical force in order to make sth. happen or work (用力压；用力启动)‖. Apply pressure to/on sth. means ―put force or weight to/on sth.‖, while apply pressure to/on sb. is used more figuratively, meaning ―persuade sb. by using influence, arguments, or threats‖. For example:
It is important to apply pressure to/on the injection site for five minutes after an injection. 打完针后一定要用力摁住打针的地方，摁五分钟。
The boss is applying pressure to/on me to finish the project in five days. 老板给我施加压力，要我在五天内完成这个项目。
4.He spoke tender words of sympathy … (Para. 2)
Meaning: He talked gently to her and expressed his understanding and care for her suffering ...
5. Dory gave his life for his wife, Mavy. (Para. 3) Meaning: Dory died in order to save his wife, Mavy.
6. … when Dory heard shots ring out he immediately fell on top of his wife to shield her from the hail of bullets. (Para. 3)
Meaning: … when Dory heard loud gunshots, he immediately fell on top of his wife to protect her from being shot as the bullets showered on them.
7 .At the memorial service, the priest said: ―Dory didn’t die a hero; he lived a hero.‖ (Para. 3)
Meaning beyond words: By saying ―Dory didn’t die a hero; he lived a hero‖, the priest meant that Dory was a hero all through his life; he became a hero not just because he died in a brave way.
memorial service: n. [C] a service done or made in order to remind people of sb. who has died 追悼会；追悼仪式
Note: 在Dory didn’t die a hero; he lived a hero中，a hero是主语补足语。die后面可以接一些名词或形容词作主语补足语。例如：
The great poet died a poor man and he was only 43. 那位大诗人在穷困潦倒中去世，他当时只有43岁。
8. Long known for his remarkable spirit and love of humanity, Dory Stoddard died as he had always lived, assisting others. (Para. 3)
Meaning: Dory Stoddard had always been known for his noble spirit and his love toward other people. He had always helped others when he was alive, and he died when he was helping others.
9. These are civilian heroes, who acted instinctively with courage and grace when caught
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up in extraordinary circumstances. (Para. 4)
Meaning: These are not military people or police officers; they are ordinary people. But they are heroes because they acted out of their instinct with courage and grace when they were involved in unusual conditions.
instinctively: ad. based on instinct and not involving thought （出于）本能地；（出于）天性地；（出于）直觉地
When attacked, he instinctively fought back to defend himself. 当受到攻击时，他本能地进行自卫反击。
10. But what about first responders, whose job is, in the words of the widow of a fallen police officer, to ―rush toward danger‖? (Para. 5)
Meaning: But what about those people who are supposed to be the first to arrive at the spot and deal with emergencies? As the widow of a police officer puts it, it is the job of these people to ―rush toward danger‖, that is, to rush forward in face of danger.
Note: The fallen is a formal expression, meaning ―soldiers who have been killed in a war‖. Here a fallen police officer means ―a police officer who has been killed‖.
11. In Toronto, Canada, downtown life stopped when more than 11,000 police and other emergency responders marched solemnly through the streets to honor Sergeant Ryan Russell, a 35-year-old ―good man and good cop‖, who believed deeply in his commitment to protect and serve. (Para. 6)
Meaning: Sergeant Ryan Russell, 35-year-old, was a good man and a good policeman. He believed deeply that it was his duty to protect and serve the people. In the city center of Toronto, Canada, all other activities stopped when more than 11,000 police and other emergency responders marched seriously through the streets to honor him. Usage note:
As can be seen in the examples above, commitment can be followed by either a prepositional phrase ―to sth.‖ or an infinitive ―to do sth.‖
12. Sgt. Russell moved quickly to protect others from harm. (Para. 6)
protect sb./sth. from sth.: keep sb. or sth. Safe from harm, damage, or illness, etc. 保护；防护
She wanted to protect her children from the effects of the outside world. 她想保护自己的孩子免受外面世界的影响。
13. He tried to stop a drunk driver in a stolen snowplow with only his police automobile and his goodwill to help others. (Para. 6)
Meaning: He tried to stop a drunk driver in a stolen snowplow with only his police car because he was kind and always willing to help others.
drunk driver: n. [C] a person who drives a vehicle after drinking too much alcohol 酒后驾车者
snowplow: n. [C] (BrE snowplough) a vehicle or machine for cleaning snow from roads or
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railways 雪犁；扫雪机
goodwill: n. [U] kind feelings toward or between people and a willingness to be helpful 好意；亲善；友善
A knowledge of other cultures will promote goodwill among people of different backgrounds. 了解其他文化将会使不同背景的人们之间更加友善。 Usage note: drunk, drunken
1) drunk和drunken都可用作形容词，表示―醉的‖。但是在用法上，两个词有所不同：drunk一般用作表语形容词，而drunken通常用作定语形容词。例如：
The man was so drunk that he could barely get his words out. 这名男子酩酊大醉，几乎说不出话来。
A mob of drunken people rushed into a store and smashed everything there. 一群醉酒的暴徒冲进一家商店，砸烂了所有的东西。
2 )drunk还可用作名词，表示―醉鬼；酒鬼；醉酒‖。例如：
I don’t like to take the bus at night. It’s full of drunks and crazy people. 我晚上不想乘公共汽车，因为车上满是醉鬼和疯狂的人。
3) drunk driver是固定用法，主要用于美国英语，意思是―酒后驾车者‖，英国英语则用drink-driver。类似的用法还有drunk driving (AmE)，drink-driving(BrE)，表示―酒后驾车‖。
14. It used to be that the word hero was reserved for those who performed acts of distinct courage beyond the call of duty. (Para. 7)
Meaning: In the past, the word hero was used particularly to refer to those who acted with remarkable courage and who did something that they did not have the duty to do. Sentence structure note:
―It used to be that‖用于表示过去的某一习惯或情况如今已不存在，与目前习惯或情况有所不同。例如：
It used to be that he went to the beach on vacation, but after a heart attack, he has to stay at home. 以前他总是去海滨度假，但是自从他心脏病发作后，他就只好呆在家里了。 15. A soldier who runs through gunfire to rescue other military personnel is seen as a hero. (Para. 7)
Usage note: personnel, personality, personal
1) personnel只有单数形式，但表达的是复数概念。personnel作主语时，其谓语动词一般要用复数。例如：
Are there sufficient personnel on board and ashore to deal with an emergency? 船上和岸上是否有足够的人员来处理紧急情况？ 2) personality: n. [C, U] 个性；名人
Although Edward is very modest, we all have a high opinion of his personality and abilities. 尽管爱德华很谦逊，但我们大家对其个性和能力评价很高。
A number of local personalities were present at the meeting. 当地的一些名人出席了会议。
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3) personal: a. 个人的；亲自的；针对个人的
This is a personal matter; I see no need to discuss it with a bunch of reporters. 这是个私人问题，我觉得没必要和一帮记者谈论这个问题。
The president will be making a personal appearance at the awards ceremony. 总统将亲临颁奖典礼。
Let’s not get personal about this issue. 关于这件事我们不要进行人身攻击。
16. So are larger-than-life leaders such as Nelson Mandela, who emerged after 27 years of jail, confined in a solitary chamber. He made the choice not to be bitter, and worked hard as South Africa’s first black president to establish harmony and helped society reconcile its conflicted past. (Para. 7)
Meaning: Those extraordinary leaders, such as Nelson Mandela, are also regarded as heroes. Mandela had been kept alone in a room in prison for 27 years. After he was set free, he didn’t complain about the past. Instead, he, as South Africa’s first black president, worked hard to build a country in which people could live and work together peacefully. There had been disagreement among different groups of people in South Africa, but he helped to bring them to accept each other. larger-than-life: a.
1) of heroic or epic dimensions 高于生活的；史诗般的；传奇的
To the children, the star athlete who spoke at the school assembly was a larger-than-life hero. 对孩子们来说，那个在学校礼堂讲话的明星运动员是一个具有传奇色彩的英雄。 2) sb. who is larger-than-life has a very strong or lively personality that impresses people very much （人）很有个性的，个性鲜明的
Mr. Brown is a larger-than-life person, a man of the utmost sincerity. 布朗先生是一个个性鲜明的人，一个绝对真诚的人。
3) much larger than normal and very impressive 夸大的；有夸张效果的
He was immediately attracted by the larger than- life poster in front of the shop. 他一下子被商店前面十分夸张的海报吸引住了。 Collocation note:
We can establish a company/organization/school, etc. We can also establish something that is
abstract,
for
example,
establish
harmony/confidence/innocence/fame/habit/tradition/truth/trust/virtue, etc. Note: We often say reconcile sth. with sth. For example:
How do you reconcile your principles with your behavior? 你如何把你的准则和行为统一起来？
v. if you reconciled two people or groups or they reconcile, they become friendly again after a disagreement （使）和解；（使）恢复友好关系 The little boy does not readily reconcile with his elder sister. 那个小男孩还不愿意和他姐姐讲和。
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VII. Homework 1. Review Text A 2. Do Exercise 3-7 3. Preview Section B
Unit 4 Section B
Reading skill and Text B A hero’s aspiration
Teaching Objectives
To master the reading skill To understand the text
To practice the phrases and patterns To learn about story writing I. Warming-up
1. Ask some students to do duty report
2. Review the text structure and main idea of Text A Question--Examples--Conclusion 3. Check students’ homework, discuss exercise. II. Reading skills--Scanning
1. Scanning is a technique used in reading to gather specific information in a text by going through it rapidly. In most cases, you know what you are looking for, so you are concentrating on finding some particular information. The most familiar way of scanning you may have experienced is searching for names in a phone directory, or looking up words in a dictionary. 2. How to Scan?
When reading, you should have a clear idea of what you are looking for, think of questions, and scan for answers. Do not read every word.
Watch for definitions, highlighted words, especially words in italics or bold print. Learn to spot dates, statistics and other numbers.
Look for the author’s use of numbers, letters, or signal words such as first, second, next , etc.
Look for key words or repeated words.
3. Please look at Text B and scan for answers to the following questions. 1) In which month did the story take place?
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