第二套(1997 年05 月语法题)
1. The ponderosa pine is _____ of most of the timber used by forest product firms in the Black Hills of South Dakota. (A) the source (B) as source (C) the source which (D) because the source 答案:A
分析:空格处应添入表语
A 为名词短语,使句子结构完整,语义明确。 B 为介词短语,可以做表语,但不符合题意。
C D 都含从句引导词,但都不能构成完整的从句,排除。
参考译文:ponderosa 松树是南达科塔Black Hills 地区木材公司的主要原料。
2. Computers that once took up entire rooms are now _____ to put on desktops and into wristwatches. (A) small enough (B) smaller than (C) so small (D) as small as 答案:A
分析:空格处缺表语。 A 构成完整句子
B D 为比较级,但是缺少比较对象,排除。 C 中SO 需要与that 配合,但是没有出现that,排除
注:enough 修饰形容词或副词时一般放在被修饰词的后面。
参考译文:曾经有一间房子那么大的计算机现在小到足以放在桌面上或者像手表那么大。 3. According to some educator, the goal of teaching is to help students learn what _____ to know to
live a well-adjusted and successful life. (A) do they need (B) they need (C) they are needed (D) as they may need. 答案:B
分析:A 倒装结构不能用在从句中。 B 正确的从句结构。 C 被动语态不符合句意。 D as 多余
参考译文:对于许多教育家来说,教育的目的就是帮助学生学习他们应该知道的东西,从而能够过有着正确导向并且成功的生活。
4. The sapphire?s transparency to ultraviolet and infrared radiation makes _____ in optical instruments. (A) it is of use
1
(B) it uses (C) it a useful (D) it useful 答案:D
分析:这道题的考点是 make+名词+形容词结构。四个选项中只有D 可以构成完整的句子。
****
注:make 结构在TOEFL 考试中是常考的结构。
参考译文:蓝宝石对紫外线和红外线辐射的透明性使它在制作光学仪器方面很有用处。 5. _____ initial recognition while still quite young. (A) Most famous scientists achieved. (B) That most famous scientists achieved (C) Most famous scientists who achieved (D) For most famous scientists to achieve. 答案:A
分析:都缺少主句谓语
参考译文:许多有名的科学家在很年轻的时候就获得了最初的赞誉。
6. Mango trees, _____ densely covered with glossy leaves and bear small fragrant flowers, grow
rapidly and can attain heights of up to 90 feet. (A) whose (B) which are (C) are when (D) which 答案:B
分析:两个逗号两边构成了完整的句子结构,因此逗号之间应该添入非限定性定语从句 A whose 后面没有名词,且语义不通。 C 不是非限定性定于从句,排除。
D 与B 比较缺少are,再看从句的具体含义可知应该用被动语态,所以D 排除。 参考译文:长有光亮树叶和小的芬芳花朵的芒果树生长迅速,并且可以高达90 英尺。 7. _____, the Canadian composer Barbara Pentland wrote four symphonies, three concertos, and an
opera, among other works. (A) An artist who, prolific (B) Is a prolific artist (C) Prolific an artist (D) A prolific artist. 答案:D
分析:空格处应为主语的同位语 A B 不能做同位语,排除
C 不定冠词与形容词位置错误,排除。
参考译文:加拿大的高产作曲家Barbara Pentland 写过四部交响乐,三部协奏曲,一出话剧,还有一些其它的作品。
8. The Chisos Mountains in Big Bend National Park in Texas were created by volcanic eruptions that
2
occurred _____.
(A) the area in which dinosaurs roamed (B) when dinosaurs roamed the area (C) did dinosaurs roam the area (D) dinosaurs roaming the area. 答案:B
分析:空格处应添入时间状语从句。四个选项中只有B 是正确的时间状语从句。
参考译文:德克萨斯州Big Bend 国家公园的Chisos 山是由有恐龙存在的那个时代的火山爆发形成的。
9. In bas-relief sculpture, a design projects very slightly from its background, _____ some coins. (A) as on (B) because (C) the way that (D) similarly. 答案:A
分析:project 在这里为动词,做“凸出”讲,因此第二个逗号前已经构成了完整的句子,逗号后面需 要添入状语
B C 含有从句引导词,但缺少从句谓语,排除。 D 为副词,不能修饰名词,排除。
参考译文:在一件浅浮雕作品中,图案微微的从背景中凸出来,就像一些硬币的制作方法一样。 10. Alaska found the first years of its statehood costly because it had to take over the expense of ervices _____ previously by the federal government. (A) To provide (B) Be provided (C) providing (D) provided 答案: D
分析:空格前为名词短语,空格处应该添非谓语动词做后置定语,因此首先排除B。由后面的by 可知非谓语动词表示被动,因此选D
参考译文:阿拉斯加作为州的地位,最初几年的花销是巨大的。因为它需要承担以前由联邦政府支付的服务性事业的开销。
11. With age, the mineral content of human bones decreases, _____ them more fragile. (A) make (B) and to make (C) thereby making (D) which it makes. 答案:C
分析:A 使句中两个谓语动词缺少连接词。 B 中and 连接的动词不平行。
C 构成现在分词短语用作表示结果的状语,符合题意。 D 中it 多余。
参考译文:随着年龄的增长,人类骨骼中的矿物质含量会降低,因此更容易骨折。
3
12. Not until Kentucky?s Mammoth Cave had been completely explored in 1972 _____. (A) when was its full extent realized (B) that its full extent realized (C) was its full extent realized (D) the realization of its full extent. 答案:C
分析:重考倒装结构。看到not until 放在句首,选择倒装结构的答案即可。 参考译文:直到1972 年,猛犸象的洞穴被完全探究,它才被广泛地认识。
13. The first explorer _____ California by land was Jedediah Strong Smith, a trapper who crossed the southwestern deserts of the United States in 1826. (A) that he reached (B) reached (C) to reach (D) reaching it 答案:C
分析:空格处缺少名词的后置修饰语。 A 中从句引导词不对,而且he 多余
B 作谓语动词缺关系代词WHO,作非谓语动词则表示被动,两种用法都不符合题意。 C 构成不定式短语做名词的后置修饰语,符合题意。 D 中it 多余
参考译文:第一个从陆地到达加利福尼亚的探险家是猎人Jedediah Strong Smith,他在 1826 年绕过了美国西南部的大沙漠。
14. Written to be performed on a _____, Thornton Wilder?s play Our Town depicts life in a small New
England community. (A) stage scenery of bare (B) bare of stage scenery (C) scenery bare of stage (D) stage bare of scenery. 答案:D 分析:
参考译文:Thornton Wilder 的描写自然景色的舞台剧“Our Town”刻画了一个新英格兰小社区的生活。
15. _____ many copper mines in the state of Arizona, a fact which contributes significantly to the
state?s economy. (A) They are (B) There are (C) Of the (D) The 答案:B
分析:空格后面没有谓语动词,因此空格处应该添入主谓结构,所以排除C、D。 A 中的they 指代不明,TOEFL 考试中有一条不成文的规定,指代不明的代词不可 能在考题中出现,因此可以将这个选项排除。
4
参考译文:亚利桑那州有很多铜矿,对整个州的经济发展有着巨大的贡献。
16. A food additive is any chemical that food manufactures intentional add to their products. 答案:C
分析:intentional 是形容词,不能修饰动词add 改正:intentional → intentionally
参考译文:食品添加剂是食品制造商有意加入食品中的一些化学成分。 17. Margaret Mead studied many different cultures, and she was one of the first anthropologists to hotograph hers subjects. 答案:D
分析:hers 不能修饰名词 改正:hers → her
参考译文:Margaret Mead 研究了许多不同的文化,她也是那些最早拍摄下自己 课题的人类学家之一。
18. Talc, a soft mineral with a variety of uses, sold is in slabs or in powdered from. 答案:C
分析:被动语态助动词与动词位置颠倒。 改正:sold is → is sold
参考译文:云母,一种有着不同用处的柔软的矿物质,被分成片状或者粉末来出售。
19. During the 1870?s iron workers in Alabama proved they could produce iron by burning iron ore ith coke, instead than with charcoal. 答案:D
分析:rather than 习惯用法instead 则跟of 搭配 改正:instead → rather
参考译文:在19 世纪70 年代,阿拉巴马州的制铁工人发现可以用铁和焦炭一起燃烧来制造铁,而不是和木炭。
20. Geologists at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory rely on a number of instruments to studying the volcanoes in Hawaii. 答案:D
分析:不定式后面接动词原形。 改正:to studying → to study
参考译文:夏威夷火山天文台科学家们通过很多的仪器来研究夏威夷的火山。
21. Underlying aerodynamics and all other branches of theoretical mechanics are the laws of motion ho were developed in the seventeenth century. 答案:D
分析:who 的先行词必须是人,这里是物。所以应该改为that 或which 改正:who → that/which
参考译文:基本的空气动力学和所有其它的理论力学的分支都是17 世纪发展起来的运动法则。 22. Was opened in 1918, the Phillips Collection in Washington, D.C., was the first museum in the United States devoted to modern art. 答案:A
分析:这里的错误很明显,was opened 是谓语动词,前面应该有主语,但是没有。所以将was 去掉,变成过去分词。 改正:was opened → opened
5