平等一样。一些民族天生就高于另一些民族。如世界上最强大的民族德国人就应统治地球上的劣等民族。如果能使最优秀的民族地盘扩展到世界各地，并使分散的各日耳曼民族团结在一个统治下，全人类会最终从中受益。希特勒所设想的大规模扩张主要就是以牺牲其他民族利益而进行的。为了达到他野心勃勃的目的，希特勒提出三种手段，这就是宣传、外交和武力。在《我的奋斗》一书中，最能揭示希特勒本人和他的手段的地方莫过于在论述其宣传技巧时，这个被他认为是纳粹最有效最厉害的武器之一。 23. A Jew’s Journey
1) It is a very long time since I attended a Mass.2) In this pilgrimage town you get the real thing with a crowd of real worshippers—those who come include the paralyzed the crippled the blind the deformed the dying a terrible parade a parade of God’s cruel jokes or inept mistakes if you seriously maintain that he heeds the sparrow’s fall.3) Cold as it was in the church the air was warm as May compared to the chill in my heart as the Mass proceeded.4) It would have been only courteous to kneel at the proper time as all did since I had voluntarily come: but for all the disapproving glances I the stiff—necked Jew would not kneel.5) I remember the first break with my own religion as though it were yesterday.6) I can still feel my cheek stinging from the slap of the mashiakh the study hall supervisor as I trudge in the snow on the town square in the purple evening having been ordered out of the hall for impudent heresy.7) Perhaps in a larger city the mashiakh would have had the sense to smile at my effrontery and pass it off.8) Then the whole course of my life might have been different. 23参考译文
我已经很久没有做过弥散。在这个众人朝拜的圣城，我看到了真正的弥散。看到一批一批虔诚的善男善女，其中有瘫痪的，有跛足的，有失明的，有畸形的，有奄奄一息的，他们组成一支令人目不忍赌的行列。如果有谁真相信就连麻雀坠地这样的小事上帝也注意致了，那么这些人一定是他有意残酷作弄的对象，或是他千虑一失的牺牲品。教堂里寒气逼人，但弥撒开始后，教堂里的气氛与我心中的凄凉相比，却温暖如春。既然我来这里是完全出于自愿。仅仅为了礼貌起见，我本应该在需要下跪的时候和他们一起下跪。但是，我这个倔强的犹太人却不顾四周向我向射来的非难目光，就是不肯下跪。我还记得我最初和我的犹太教决裂的情形。就像昨天发生一样。那个学堂的学监，认为我胆敢信奉异端邪说，狠狠打了我一记耳光，把我赶出学堂。我只得在紫色暮霭中，拖着沉重的脚步走在市政广场的雪地里，脸上感到针戳一般痛。现在我还感到那种痛。这种事如发生在一个大一些的城市，那里的学监可能会通情达理，对我的冒犯行为一笑了之。如果真是那样，我的生命旅程也就会完全不同。 24. Extraterrestrial Life
1) Hand in hand with the recent spectacular advances in radio technology there has been a dramatic
increase in the scientific and public respectability of the entire subject of extraterrestrial life.2) A clear sign of the new attitude is the Viking missions to Mars which are to a significant extent dedicated to the search for life on another planet.3) But along with the burgeoning dedication to a serious search a slightly negative note has emerged which is nevertheless very interesting.4) A few scientists have lately asked a curious question: if extraterrestrial intelligence is abundant why have we not already seen its manifestations?5) Think of the advances by our own technological civilization in the past ten thousand years and imagine such advances continued over millions or billions of years more.6) If only a tiny fraction of advanced civilizations are millions or billions or billions of years more advanced then ours why have they not produced artifacts devices or even industrial pollution of such magnitude that we would have detected it ? 24参考译文
与无线电技术获得非凡进展相一致的是，无论是科学界还是在社会上，人们对寻外星人这一
课题的重要性的认识，有了极大的提高。“海盗”号火星探测器的发射就清楚地表明了这种新的态度。因为这些发射在很大程度上是用来搜寻另一行星上的生命的。不过，随着人们倾注越来越多的精力，进行认真搜索的时候，却出现了一种有点反对，但又是十分有趣的论调。一些科学家近来问了一个奇怪的问题：如果宇宙间存在许多外星人，为什么我们迄今尚未见到表明他们存在的证据？想一想近一万年来我们自己的技术文明社会所取得的种种进步吧。再设想一下，这些进步再持数百万年或数十亿年时的情景吧。先进的文明社会中即使仅有极少一部分，其优越的程度超过我们数百万年或数十亿年，为何他们至今还未能制造出物件，器械装置和我们本应检测到的如此大量的工业污染？
25. The Importance of being Interested
1) Now I have recalled these beginnings of the careers of Franklin Darwin and Mozart because
they strikingly illustrate a profound psychological truth the significance of which can scarcely be overestimated.2) It is a truth to e sure that has long been partially recognized.3) But its full meaning has not been—and could not be—appreciated until quite recently.4) Only within the past few years has scientific research effected various discoveries which make its complete recognition possible and of supreme importance—of such importance that practical application of the principles involved would make for an immediate and stupendous increase in human happiness efficiency and welfare.5) Stated briefly the truth in question is that success in life meaning thereby the accomplishment of results of real value to the individual and to society depends chiefly on sustained endeavor springing out of a deep and ardent interest in the tasks of one’s chosen occupation.
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现在我已回顾了富兰克林，达尔文和莫扎特开始事业时的情况。因为这些事雄辩地说明了心理方面的一个深刻的真理，其意义再强调也不过分。确实，这是一个长期来并没有充分认识的真理。直到前不久，其全部意义才被，才可能被理解。只是在最近几年里科学研究才作出种种发现，使得完全认识这一真理成为可能，并变得极其重要，迟到于它所涉及到的原则运用到实践中去会立即和极大地提高人的效力，给人类带来幸福和康乐。简单的说，这个真理就是生活的成功，即实现个人和社会的真正价值的结果主要取决于坚持不懈的努力，这种努力是来源于对自己所选择的事业深深的和炽热的兴趣。 26. How to Write Clearly
1) I have never had much patience with the writers who claim from the reader an effort to understand their meaning.2) You have only to go to great philosophers to see that it is possible to express with lucidity the most subtle reflections.3) One cause of obscurity is that many writers think not before but as they write.4) The pen originates the thought.5) The disadvantages of this and indeed it is a danger against which the author must be always on his guard is that there is a sort of magic in the written word.6) The idea acquires substance by taking on a visible nature and then stands in the way of its own clarification.7) But this sort of obscurity merges very easily into the willful.8) Some writers who do not think clearly are inclined to suppose that their thoughts have a significance greater than at first sight appears.9) It is flattering to believe that they are too profound to be expressed so clearly that all who run may read and very naturally it does not occur to such writers that the fault is with their own minds which have not the faculty of precise reis with their own minds which have not the faculty of precise reflection. 26参考译文
有些作家，读者要费力才能看懂他们的意思，我对这样的作家一向是没有多少耐心的。你只要看一看那些大哲学家的著作就会明白，即使是最细腻的思想也是可以表达得很清楚的。写不清
楚的一个原因是许多作家不是想好了再写，而是边写边想。思想从运笔中产生。这有一种缺点，甚至是作家必须时刻警惕的危险，即文字有一种魔力。一个思想有了看得见的形状后，变成了具体的东西，它会妨碍作者把它进一步说清楚。不过，这种不清楚很容易与作者故意造成的不清楚混在一起。有些作家思路不请，往往认为自己的思想深奥，不可能表达那么清楚，让什么人都能理解，这是一种虚荣的念头。这样的作家当然不会想到，问题还是出在自己脑子缺乏精确思考的能力。
27. The Normandy Landings
1) The landings were very chancy and might have ended disastrously.2) A pyramiding of mistakes and bad luck on German side gave Roosevelt success in his one audacious military move.3) The mounting of the invasion armada was certainly a fine technological achievement; as was the production of the huge air fleets with crews to man them.4) General Marshall’s raising equipping and training of the land armies that poured into Normandy showed him to be an American Scharnhorst.5) The U. S infantryman while requiring far too luxurious logistical support put up a nice fight in France; he was fresh well—fed and unscarred by battle.6) But essentially what happened in Normandy was that Franklin Roosevelt beat Adolf Hitler as surely as Wellington beat Napoleon at Waterloo. 7) In Normandy the two men at last clashed in head—on armed shock.8) Hitler’s mistakes gave Roosevelt the victory; just as at Waterloo it was less Wellington who won than Napoleon who lost. 27参考译文
诺曼底登陆十分危险，结果很可能是一场灾难。德国方面的一错再错，加上运气不好，才使罗斯福在一次大胆的军事行动中得以成功。进攻船队的集结，确实是一个出色的技术成就，而庞大的冠军机群的生产和机上人员的配备，也是如此。马歇尔将军对于涌进诺曼底的地面部队的征募，装备和训练，显示出他是美国的一位沙恩霍斯特。美国步兵虽然需要过于奢侈的后勤支持，但在法国却进行了顽强的战斗。他们精神饱满，营养充足，没有在滑铁卢击败拿破仑那样，罗斯福确实是击败了希特勒。在诺曼底，这两人终于在正面的冲突中交手了。希特勒犯下的错误使罗斯 福取得了胜利。正如在滑铁卢战场上，与其说威灵顿打胜了，不如说拿破仑战败了。 28. A New Hunger
1) There was a huge library near the riverfront but I knew that Negroes were not allowed to patronize its shelves any more than they were the parks of the city.2) But I managed to get some books there.3) I grew silent wondering about the life around.4) It would gave been impossible for me to have told anyone what I derived from these novels for it was nothing less than a sense of life itself.5) All my life had shaped me for the realism the naturalism of the modern novel and I could not read enough of them.6) Steeped in new moods and ideas I began to write; but nothing would come or what did come was flat beyond telling.7) I discovered that more than desire and feeling were necessary to write and I dropped the idea.8) Yet I still wondered how it was possible to know people sufficiently to write about them? 9) I now knew what being a Negro meant.10) I could endure the hunger.11) I had learned to live with hate.12) But to feel that there were feelings denied me that the very breath of life itself was beyond my reach that more than anything else hurt wounded me.13) I had a new hunger. 28参考译文
该市江边有一个很大的图书馆，但是我知道它是不容许黑人去光顾的，就如市里的公园不让黑人进去的那样。但我还是设法从那里搞到一些书。我变得沉默起来，开始考虑周围的生活。如果真让我说出，读了这些小说有何收益，这是不可能的。因为这一切不过是生活本身的感受。我一生的经历造成了我喜欢现代小说中的现实主义和自然主义作品。这类小说我百读不厌。我完全沉浸在新的情绪和思想中，于是便开始写作。但我什么也没写出来。即使写出来的也极其平淡无味。我发现要写作，只有愿望和感情是不够的。于是我放弃了写作的念头。然而，我仍然是想知
道，怎样才能了解人们，进而描写他们？我现在知道了做一个黑人意味什么。我可以忍受饥饿。我学会了容忍仇恨。但我感到我被拒之于某些感情之外，感到生活中最必需的东西我也得不到，这种感觉比其他任何东西都更深深刺伤了我的心。这样有了新的饥饿。 29. Sunset
1) But owing to the constant presence of air currents arranging both the dust and vapor in strata
of varying extent and density and of high or low clouds which both absorb and reflect the light in varying degree we see produced all those wondrous combinations of tints and those gorgeous ever-changing colors which are a constant source of admiration and delight to all who have the advantage of an uninterrupted view to the west and who are accustomed to watch for those not infrequent exhibitions of nature’s kaleidoscopic color painting.2) With every change in the altitude of the sun the display changes its character; and most of all when it has sunk below the horizon and owing to the more favorable angle a larger quantity of the colored light is reflected toward us.3) These as long as the sun was above the horizon intercepts much of the light and color ; but when the great luminary has passed away from our direct vision its light shines more directly on the under sides of all the clouds and air strata of different densities.
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但是由于不断出现的气流，把尘埃与水汽形成范围和密度均不等的空气层，加上不断出现的高低空云层不同程度地吸收和反射太阳光，我们这才看到所产生的各种奇异的色调和不断变化的色彩，任何人只要有幸看到一幅完整的西天的景色，习惯于注意大自然的不时展现的那瞬息万变的画面，都会为之赞不绝口，喜不自胜。随着夕阳缓缓西坠，这种景观也不断变幻，尤其是在太阳深入地平线之后，由于角度更加适宜，大量五颜六色的光就都反射到地面上来了。原先只要太阳还在地平线上，云雾就截住上少阳光和色彩，但现在太阳从我们的视野中消失了，阳光便更为直接地照射到密度不同的云层和大气层的底部。 30. Tragedy
1) Our tragedy today is a general and universal physical fear so long sustained by now that we can even bear it.2) There are no longer problems of the spirit.3) There is only the question:4) When will I be blown up? 5) Because of this the young man or woman writing today has forgotten the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself which alone can make good writing because only that is worth writing about worth the agony and the sweat.6) He must learn them again.7) He must teach himself that the basest of all things is to be afraid; and teaching himself that forget it forever leaving no room in his workshop for anything but the old verities and truths of the heart the universal truths lacking which any story is ephemeral and doomed—love and honor and pity and pride and compassion and sacrifice.8) Until he does so he labors under a curse.9) He writes not of love but of lust of defeats in which nobody loses anything of value of victories without hope and worst of all without pity or compassion. 30参考译文
我们今天的悲剧在于存在着一种普遍的内心恐惧，这种恐惧一直伴随着我们，以致我们竟能默默承受着它。不再有精神问题了。唯一存在的问题是：我什么时候会被炸得粉碎？因为想着这个问题，如今的青年男女作家已经忘却了人类内心冲突的问题，而惟有写内心冲突才会产生优秀的作品，因为这是唯一值得去写的，值得作家们为之呕心沥血的。作家必须再度学习这些问题。他们必须使得自己懂得恐惧是最低贱的东西，学会永远忘却恐惧，在自己的作品里除了写反映心灵的永恒那些古老的价值与真理外，不保留任何东西。因为缺少这些永恒的真理，任何小说，或写爱情，荣誉，怜悯，自尊，或写同情，牺牲，都是短命的，注定要失败的。除非他这样做，否则他的辛勤工作只能遭来诅咒。他写的不是爱情而是情欲，写失败，没有人失去有价值的东西，
写胜利，没有希望，更糟的是，没有怜悯，没有同情。 31. Technology vs. Genius
1) According to the new school of scientists science moves forward not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.2) ―In short‖ a leader of the new school contends ―the scientific revolution was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.‖3) Over the years tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.4) The modern school that hails technology argues that Galileo Newton Einstein and Edison attached great importance to and derived great benefit from information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments.5) Government policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute.6) Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. 31参考译文
根据新学派的科学家的观点，科学的发展与其说是源于天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说是由于改进的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。他们中的一个领导人坚持说：“简而言之，科学革命主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。”多年来，工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。偏向技术的现代派认为伽利略、牛顿、爱因斯坦和爱迪生都看重在科学实验中有用的信息和各种技术工具，并从中得益非浅。政府的政策必然要涉及到是偏向技术还是偏向人才的争论。政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量。 32. Views on the World Wars
1) The Second World War in some ways gave birth to less novelty and genius than the First.2) It was of course a greater cataclysm fought over a wider area and altered the social and political structure of the world at least as radically as its predecessor perhaps more so.3) But the break in continuity in 1914 was far more violent.4) The year 1914 looks to us now and looked even in the 1920s as the end of a long period of largely peaceful development broken suddenly and catastrophically.5) In Europe at least the years before 1914 were viewed with understandable nostalgia by those who after them knew no real peace.6) The period between the wars marks a decline in the development of human culture if it is compared with that sustained and fruitful period which makes the nineteenth century seem a unique human achievement so powerful that it persisted even during the war which broke it to a degree which seems astonishing to us now. 32参考译文
第二次世界大战在某些方面不像第一次世界大战那样产生了诸多新奇事物和天才伟人。当然，它是一场更大的战争，卷入的地区更广，改变世界社会和政治结构的激烈程度至少不亚于第一次世界大战，或许更为激烈。但是1914年的时势突变更为剧烈。1914年就我们现在看来，甚至二十年代的人看来，标志了一个长期来基本上是和平发展时期的结束，这个时期的结束是如此的突然和灾难性。至少在欧洲有些人抱着怀旧的心情看待1914年前的岁月是可以理解的，因为他们知道此后就没有真正的和平了。如果和十九世纪相比，两次大战之间的那一段时期标志着人类文化发展的一个衰退。十九世纪由于那段持续发展和硕果累累的时期似乎成为人类的一个独特的成就。那段时期的成就是如此之大，就是后来发生大战，还是在大战期间继续发展。我们当代人似乎也为之惊叹。
33. Specialisations in Sciences