outcomes i.e. productivity, high labour turnover and absenteeism, and individual outcomes i.e. physical, psychological and mental well-being.
E However, despite the importance of the recruitment decision and the range of
sophisticated and more objective selection techniques available, including the use of psychometric tests, assessment centres etc., many organisations are still prepared to make this decision on the basis of a single 30 to 45 minute unstructured interview. Indeed, research has demonstrated that a selection decision is often made within the first four minutes of the interview. In the remaining time, the interviewer then attends exclusively to information that reinforces the initial “accept” or “reject” decision. Research into the validity of selection methods has consistently demonstrated that the unstructured interview, where the interviewer asks any questions he or she likes, is a poor predictor of future job performance and fares little better than more controversial methods like graphology and astrology. In times of high unemployment, recruitment becomes a “buyer's market” and this was the case in Britain during the 1980s.
F The future, we are told, is likely to be different. Detailed surveys of social and
economic trends in the European Community show that Europe's population is falling and getting older. The birth rate in the Community is now only three-quarters of the level needed to ensure replacement of the existing population. By the year 2020, it is predicted that more than one in four Europeans will be aged 60 or more and barely one in five will be under 20. In a five-year period between 1983 and 1988 the Community’s female workforce grew by almost six million. As a result, 51% of all women aged 14 to 64 are now economically active in the labour market compared with 78% of men.
G The changing demographics will not only affect selection ratios. They will also make
it increasingly important for organisations wishing to maintain their competitive edge to be more responsive and accommodating to the changing needs of their workforce if they are to retain and develop their human resources. More flexible working hours, the opportunity to work from home or job share, the provision of childcare facilities etc., will play a major role in attracting and retaining staff in the future.
★ 答案与解析 14-18
题型：找段落的小标题
14. iv
没有明显的主题句，需要通读全段。实际上，主题句是全段的最后一句： This is a purely person/skills match approach to selection. 15. viii
没有明显的主题句，需要通读全段。 16. v
段落中包含For example句型，主题句是它前面的句子(也就是全段的第一句)： Poor selection decisions are expensive. 此题，容易误选为vi，它的意思是：一些poor selection decisions。而主题句的意思是：
poor selection decisions的代价是昂贵的。 17. iii
主题句为该段话的第一句：
However, despite the importance of the recruitment decision and the range of sophisticated and more objective selection techniques available, including the use of psychometric tests, assessment centres etc., many organisations are still prepared to make this decision on the basis of a single 30 to 45 minute unstructured interview.
中文译文：虽然招收新人的决定很重要而且有很多成熟的和更客观的选择技巧，很多单位仍然准备基于30到45分钟的无组织的面试来做出决定。
这句比较复杂，不好理解。应重点看主句部分many organisations are still prepared to make this decision on the basis of a single 30 to 45 minute unstructured interview。正确答案为：
（iii）The unstructured interview and its validity
18. i
该段话的前两句是not only but also句型，主题句为第二句：
They will also make it increasingly important for organisations wishing to maintain their competitive edge to be more responsive and accommodating to the changing needs of their workforce if they are to retain and develop their human resources.
DAY5
实战演练 RAPID POLICE RESPONSE
You are advised to spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-14 which are based on exercise one. Questions 1-5
This reading passage has six paragraphs.
Choose the most suitable heading for paragraphs B-F from the list of headings below. Write the appropriate numbers i-ix in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.
NB There are more headings than paragraphs so you will not use all of them. You may use any of the heading more than once.
List of Headings i. Responsibilities of responding police officers ii. Perceived advantages of rapid response iii. Police response to public satisfaction iv. Communicating response time to people requesting help v. When rapid response is and is not necessary vi. Role of technology in improving police response vii. Response time and success of response viii. Public demand for catching criminals ix. Obstacles to quickly contacting the police
Example Answer Paragraph A vi
1． Paragraph B 2． Paragraph C 3． Paragraph D 4． Paragraph E 5． Paragraph F
RAPID POLICE RESPONSE
A Police departments in the United States and Canada see it as central to their development that they respond to calls for help as quickly as possible. This ability to react fast has been greatly improved with the aid of technology. The telephone and police radio, already along in use, assist greatly in the reduction of police response time. In more recent times there has been the introduction of the ?911? emergency system, which allows the public easier and faster contact with police, and the use of police computer systems, which assist police in planning patrols and assigning emergency requests to the police officers nearest to the scene of the emergency.
B An important part of police strategy, rapid police response is seen by police officers and the public alike as offering tremendous benefits. The more obvious ones are the ability of police to apply first-aid lifesaving techniques quickly and the greater likelihood of arresting people who may have participated in a crime. It aids in identifying those who witnessed an emergency or crime, as well as in collecting evidence. The overall reputation of a police department, too, is enhanced if rapid response is consistent, and this in itself promotes the prevention of crime. Needless to say, rapid response offers the police some degree of satisfaction in its police force. C While these may be the desired consequences of rapid police response, actual research has not shown it to be quite so beneficial. For example, it has been demonstrated that rapid response leads to a greater likelihood of arrest only if responses are in the order of 1-2 minutes after a call is received by the police. When response times increase to 3-4 minutes—still quite a rapid response—the likelihood of an arrest is substantially reduced. Similarly, in identifying witnesses to emergencies or crimes, police are far more likely to be successful if they arrive at the scene no more than four minutes on average, after receiving a call for help. Yet both police officers and the public define ?rapid response? as responding up to 10-12 minutes after calling the police for help.
D Should police assume all the responsibility for ensuring a rapid response? Studies have shown that people tend to delay after an incident occurs before contacting the police. A crime victim may be injured and thus unable to call for help, for example, or no telephone may be available at the scene of the incident. Often, however, there is no such physical barrier to calling the police. Indeed, it is very common for crime victims to call their parents, their minister, or even their insurance company first. When the police are finally called in such cases the effectiveness of even the most rapid of responses is greatly diminished.
E The effectiveness of rapid response also needs to be seen in light of the nature of the crime. For example, when someone rings the police after discovering their television set has been stolen from their home, there is little point, in terms of identifying those responsible for the crime, in ensuring a very rapid response. It is
common in such burglary or theft cases that the victim discovers the crime hours, days, even weeks after it has occurred. When the victim is directly involved in the crime, however, as in the case of a robbery, rapid response, provided the victim was quickly able to contact the police, is more likely to be advantageous. Based on statistics comparing crimes that are discovered and those in which the victim is directly involved, Spelman and Brown (1981) suggest that three in four calls to the police need not be met with rapid response.
F It becomes clear that the importance of response time in collecting evidence or catching criminals after a crime must be weighed against a variety of factors. Yet because police department officials assume the public strongly demand rapid response, they believe that every call to the police should be met with it. Studies have shown, however, that while the public wants quick response, more important is the information given by the police to the person asking for help. If a caller is told the police will arrive in five minutes but in fact it takes ten minutes or more, waiting the extra time can be extremely frustrating. But if a caller is told he or she will have to wait 10 minutes and the police indeed arrive within that time, the caller is normally satisfied. Thus, rather than emphsising rapid response, the focus of energies should be on establishing realistic expectations in the caller and making every attempt to meet them.
★ 答案与解析
1-5：标题对应题
2. ii 通读全段，可以确定主题句就是第
1句：An important part of police
strategy, rapid police response is seen by police officers and the public alike as offering tremendous benefits. （作为警察策略的一个重要组成部分，警察的快速反应被警察和公众一致认为提供了大量的好处。）正确答案为：ii. Perceived advantages of rapid response (快速反应可见的好处)。
3. vii 先读该段的第1句话：While these may be the desired consequences of rapid
police response, actual research has not shown it to be quite so beneficial. （虽然这些是警察快速反应所期望的结果，但实际的研究表明情况并没有那么有利。）