根据前面讲的规律，这句话肯定是主题句，即警察的快速反应并没有那么有利。如果只依据此句，还是不能确定答案，那么就需要通读全段了。实际上，实际上主题句是该段的第1句和最后一句。正确答案为：vii. Response time and success of response （反应时间和反应的成功性）。
4. ix 该段的第1句是个问句，那么第2句应是主题句，看该段的第2句：Studies
have shown that people tend to delay after an incident occurs before contacting the police. （研究表明，人们在事件发生后警察联系前，往往会拖延一段时间。）在主题句之后，作者解释了受害人不能及时联系警察的原因，所以正确答案为：ix Obstacles to quickly contacting the police(快速联系警察的障碍)。
5. v 该段的第
2句话用于举例，所以主题句应该是该段话的第1句：The
effectiveness of rapid response also needs to be seen in light of the nature of the crime. （快速反应的有效性还和罪行的性质有关）如果只依此句，还是不能确定答案，那就需要通读全段了。正确答案为：v When rapid response is and is not necessary.
6. iv 通读全段可知，全段都在谈论
response times, 其中有这样一句：Studies
have shown, however, that while the public wants quick response, more important is the information given by the police to the person asking for help.（研究表明，尽管公众希望得到快速反应，警方向求助者提供的信息却更为重要。）根据前面所讲的规律，这就话应该是主题句。show后面的从句是重点，因为它正是正确选项的改写。所以正确答案为: iv Communicating response time to people requesting help (把采取行动的时间告知寻求帮助的人)。
DAY6
实战演练 PARENTING AND RESPONSIBILITY
You are advised to spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-15 which are based on the passage.
Questions 1-5
This reading passage has six sections.
Choose the most suitable heading for paragraphs B-F from the list of headings below. Write the appropriate numbers i-xi in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.
NB There are more headings than paragraphs so you will not use all of them.
List of Headings i The presumptions of policy makers ii Need for more equitable parenting policies iii The impact of dual employment iv Comparison of employed and non-employed mothers v The benefits of balanced responsibility vi The unchanged role of the female parent vii The effect of stress on the female parent viii Disadvantages of parental equality ix The expert?s view of the male parent?s role x Commitment of mothers to their paid jobs xi Origins of anxiety in working mothers
Example Answer Section A ii
1. Section B 2. Section C 3. Section D 4. Section E 5. Section F
PARENTING AND RESPONSIBILITY
Section A
There are still significant gaps between women and men in terms of their involvement in family life, the tasks they perform and the responsibilities they take. Yet, at least in developed Western countries, both women and men express a desire for greater equality in family life. It is evident that in terms of attitudes and beliefs, the problem cannot simply be thought of in terms of women wanting men to share more equally and men being reluctant to do so. The challenge now is to develop policies and practices based on a presumption of shared responsibility between men and women, and a presumption that there are potential benefits for men and women, as well as for families and the community, if there is greater gender equality in the responsibilities and pleasures of family life. These are becoming key concerns of researchers, policy makers, community workers and, more importantly, family members themselves. Section B
Despite the significant increase in the number of women with dependent children who are in the paid workforce, Australian research studies over the last 15 years are consistent in showing that divisions of labour for family work are very rigid indeed (Watson, 1991). In terms of time, women perform approximately 90 per cent of childcare tasks and 70 per cent of family work, and only 14 per cent of fathers are highly participants in terms of time spent on family work (Russell, 1983). Demo and Acock (1993), in a recent US study, also found that women continue to perform a constant and major proportion of household labour (68 per cent to 95 per cent) across all family types (first marriage, divorced, step-family or never married), regardless of whether they are employed or non-employed in paid work. Section C
Divisions of labour for family work are particularly problematic in families in which both parents are employed outside the home (dual-worker families). Employed mothers adjust their jobs and personal lives to accommodate family commitments more than employed fathers do. Mothers are less likely to work overtime and are
more likely to take time off work to attend to children?s needs (Van den Heuvel, 1993). Mothers spend less time on personal leisure activities than their partners, a factor that often leads to resentment (Demo and Acock, 1993). Section D
The parental role is central to the stress-related anxiety reported by employed mothers, and a major contributor to such stress is their taking a greater role in childcare (Van den Heubel, 1993). Edgar and Glezer (1992) found that close to 90 per cent of both husbands and wives agreed that the man should share equally in childcare, yet 55 per cent of husbands and wives claimed that the men actually did this. (These claims are consistent despite the findings mentioned earlier that point to a much lower participation rate by fathers.) A mother?s wanting her partner to do more housework and childcare is a better predictor of poor family adjustment than is actual time spent by fathers in these tasks (Demo and Acock, 1993). It is this desire, together with its lack of fulfillment in most families, that bring about stress in the female parent. Section E
Family therapists and social work researchers are increasingly defining family problems in terms of a lack of involvement and support form fathers and are concerned with difficulties involved in having fathers take responsibility for the solution of family and child behaviour problems (Edgar and Glezer, 1986). Yet, a father accepting responsibility for behaviour problems is linked with positive outcomes. Section F
Research studies lend strong support to the argument that there are benefits for families considering a change to a fairer of more equitable division of the pleasures and pains of family life. Greater equality in the performance of family work is associated with lower levels of family stress and higher self-esteem, better health, and higher marital satisfaction for mothers. There is also higher marital satisfaction for fathers, especially when they take more responsibility for the needs of their children—fathers are happier when they are more involved (Russell, 1984).
★ 答案与解析
1-5: 标题对应题
1. vi 该段的第一句是主题句：Despite the significant increase in the number of women with dependent children who are in the paid workforce, Australian research studies over the last 15 years are consistent in showing that divisions of labour for family work are very rigid indeed (Watson, 1991). (虽然有孩子的妇女参加工作的人数显著上升，但过去的15年里澳大利亚的研究一致表明，家庭劳动的分工实际上是非常固定的) 这句话比较复杂，应重点开showing后的宾语从句：… divisions of labour for family work are very rigid indeed… 2. iii 主题句是该段的第1句：Divisions of labour for family work are particularly problematic in families in which both parents are employed outside the home (dual-worker families). 家庭工作的劳务分工在父母都在外工作的家庭（双职家庭）中尤为突出。
3. xi 主题句就是该段第第1句：The parental role is central to the stress-related
anxiety reported by employed mothers, and a major contributor to such stress is their taking a greater role in childcare (Van den Heubel, 1993).（外出工作的母亲们说家长身份是产生与压力有关的焦虑的主要原因，产生这种压力的主要因素是她们要承担照顾孩子的主要责任……）此题是这5道题中最难的。如果读不懂句子的意思就很容易错选vii The effect of stress on the female parent (压力对母亲的影响)，而实际上本段说的是产生压力的原因。
4. ix 主题句是该段的第1句：Family therapists and social work researchers are
increasingly defining family problems in terms of a lack of involvement and support form fathers and are concerned with difficulties involved in having fathers take responsibility for the solution of family and child behavior problems. (家庭治疗师和社会工作研究者愈发认为家庭问题与缺乏父亲的参与和支持有关，而且他们还关注让父亲负责解决家庭和孩子行为方面问题所面临的困难) 本句特别复杂，不好理解。但如果抓住句首的family therapists and social work researchers 并理解后面所谈的都是有关父亲的事，就不难选出正确答案。
5. v 主题句是该段的第1句：Research studies lend strong support to the