= .08 H .50*(.14) + .50*(.06) .50*(.20) = .10 $100,000 = .10 J .75*(.14) + .25*(.06) .75*(.20) = .15 $120,000 = .12 S 1.0*(.14) + .00*(.06) 1.0*(.20) = .20 $140,000 = .14 d .一个完全的风险爱好者会选择投资S,这项投资有最大的标准差,同时也有最大的期望收益。 3.a.E[r] = .045 + .62 ? b.0.62
c.32.3% [.15 = w*(.045) + (1-w)*(.020) ]
4. A trade-off line with a negative slope indicates that the investor is “rewarded” with less expected return for taking on additional risk via allocation to the risky asset.一条斜率倾斜的交易线表明了这个投资者将面临较少的期望收益因为倾向于冒险的资产分配。
5. a.Minimum risk portfolios if correlation is:
-1: 62.5% AT&T, 37.5% Microsoft 0: 73.5% AT&T, 26.5% Microsoft .5: 92.1% AT&T, 7.9% Microsoft 1: 250% AT&T, short sell 150% Microsoft
随着相关性从-1移动到+1,投资于AT-T的分额增加。当两支股票呈现负相关性时,将他们进行混合投资组合会使得标准差大幅度的降低。这对于期待较高的预期收益的投资者是有益的如果他加
重投资的分量因为预期收益会随着标准差的降低而增加。这就是为什么将最高的分额投资到微软时相关性为-1,然后投资进微软的分额随着相关性有负数移向+1而减少。在相关性为+1的时候,两种股票所带来的收益是接近相同的,所以你希望将绝大部分投资于自身标准差较低的股票。
b. Variances of each of the minimum variance portfolios:
62.5% AT&T, 37.5% Microsoft 73.5% AT&T, 26.5% Microsoft
Var = 0 Var = .0165
92.1% AT&T, 7.9% Microsoft Var = .0222 250% AT&T, short 150% Microsoft Var = 0 c. Optimal portfolios if correlation is:
-1: 62.5% AT&T, 37.5% Microsoft 0: 48.1% AT&T, 51.9% Microsoft .5: 11.4% AT&T, 88.6% Microsoft 1: 250% AT&T, short 150% Microsoft d. Variances of the optimal portfolios:
62.5% AT&T, 37.5% Microsoft 48.1% AT&T, 51.9% Microsoft 11.4% AT&T, 88.6% Microsoft
Var = 0 Var = .0220 Var = .0531
250% AT&T, short 150% Microsoft Var = 0 e. Expected returns of the optimal portfolios:
62.5% AT&T, 37.5% Microsoft
E[r] = 14.13%
48.1% AT&T, 51.9% Microsoft 11.4% AT&T, 88.6% Microsoft
E[r] = 15.71% E[r] = 19.75%
250% AT&T, short 150% Microsoft E[r] = -6.5%
f.
Risk-reward trade-off line for optimal portfolio with correlation = .5: E[r] = .045 + .66 ?
6. a. E[r] = 4.5%, standard deviation = 0. This point is the intercept of the y (expected return) axis by the risk-reward trade-off line. b. E[r] = 6.03%, standard deviation = .0231 a. E[r] = 15.9%, standard deviation = .173
b. E[r] = 19.75%, standard deviation = .2306. This point is the tangency between the risk-reward line from 12-5 part f and the risky asset risk-reward curve (frontier) for AT&T and Microsoft. c.
7.a.$7,500 in the money-market fund, $285 in AT&T (11.4% of $2500), $2215 in Microsoft. E[r] = 8.31%, $831.
b.$2,500 in the money-market fund, $855 in AT&T (11.4% of $7500), $6645 in Microsoft. E[r] = 15.94%, $1,594.
c.$1140 in AT&T, $8860 in Microsoft. E[r] = 19.75%, $1,975.
8. SOLUTION:这个策略需要借进额外的基金并将它们投资于最理想的AT-T和微软股票的
组合。一个承受风险并且有闯劲的投资者会从事这项投资。这个人将会接受这个股票组合所带来的风险并且不理会没有风险的投资组合;处于风险之中的金钱不仅来自于他的个人财富,还代表了一部分隶属于债券人的数目(正如被投资者的经纪人扩大或延长的证券交易中的顾客保证金户)。
9. SOLUTION:Expectation: correlation will be closer to +1.相关性将接近于+1
E[rA] = .05*(-.02) + .15*(-.01) + .60*(.15) + .20*(.15) = .1175, or, 11.75%
E[rB] = .05*(-.20) + .15*(-.10) + .60*(.15) + .20*(.30) = .1250, or, 12.50%
Covariance = .05*(-.02-.1175)*(-.20-.125) + .15*(-.01-.1175)*(-.10-.125) +
.60*(.15-.1175)*(.15-.125) + .20*(.15-.1175)*(.30-.125) = .008163
Correlation = .008163/(.065)*(.1392) = .902
10.a.你将无法得到更多的收益如果没有冒险的话。债券收益的真实价值会遭受通货膨胀的
风险。另外,如果你在到期之前必须卖出你的长期国债,你将可能遭受由于利息风险引起的卖价的波动。
b.这位专家是正确的,他指出了你的投资决策应该依赖于你的年龄和短期目标。另外,投资
决策也取决于投资者的其他因素,正如劳动收入的特性(无论它是否与股票市场有相当的联系),以及风险承受力。
当然,事实上在10年或者更长的时间内股票胜出并不能预示未来。
第十三章课后习题答案
1,经济中四种证券的总值是1000亿美元。 a. 各资产的相对比例与它们的市值以及四种证券的总之有关,比如.24 (X), 36 (Y), 24
(Z) 以及16 (无风险政府证券)。各风险资产在所有风险资产中的比例是 (2/7) (X), (3/7) (Y) 以及 (2/7) (Z). b.. 忽略本书的第一版提出的问题(Ignore the question as it appears in the First Edition of the
textbook. ),这个问题可以这样问: 如果一个投资者拥有10万美元,其中3万美元是无风险资产,那他持有的风险资产X,Y,Z是多少?答案是2万美元 X 和 Z, 3万美元Y.
2,a. 4/9 投资在市场投资组合, 5/9 投资在无风险资产 b.
E(r)?rf?(1?x)?E(rM)?x0.10?0.06(1?x)?0.15xx?49??x??M?(0.20)?0.08889490.160.140.12M预期收益0.10.080.060.040.02000.05FP0.1标准差0.150.20.25c.计算CML的公式是:
c. CML公式是
E(r)?rf???E(rM)?rf??0.06?0.09?