第十一节 倒装
一、综述：部分倒装（将谓语部分的助动词或情态助动词置于主语之前），全部倒装（将整个谓语动词置于主语之前）
（一）?so(?neither/?nor)＋be动词（助动词，情态动词）＋主语 My father is an engineer;so is my husband. 注：如表示赞同别人的陈述，so后面的部分不倒装。\so is Dick.\
?so 用于肯定
?neither/nor 用于否定
?Helen won't approve of your proposal,___. C
A.so will Jim B.so won't Jim C.nor will Jim （nor已经否定） D.nor won't Jim
（二）具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时，句子一般部分倒装，即将be动词、助动词或情态动词提到主语前。not,never,【seldom,hardly,rarely,scarcely】,【by no means,under no circumstances,in no way,at no time,?in no case,?on no account】,【no sooner...（than）,hardly...(when)】,not only...(but also)
Hardly/scarcely had I sat down when I heard someone knocking at the door. No sooner had he returned than he bought a fine house and went to live here.
?case箱子、案件、病例、情况 ?account 账户
In judging the progress he has made in his studies,we must___the fact that he has been working under great difficulties for several months. B
A.take account over B.take into account C. take account on D.give an account of take into account 把...考虑在内 give an account of 对...叙述 account for 解释阐述 The doctor told the woman that she must lose twenty pounds___her higher blood pressure. A
A.on account of因为 B.at the cost of 以...为代价 C.on accordance with与...一致 D.for the purpose of为了
I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into___when judging my exam. B A.regard认为 B.account把...考虑在内 C.counting D.observation 观察
二、重要考点
（一）?如果句首的否定词修饰主语，是主语的一部分，则句子不用倒装。 Scarcely a drop of rain fell last month.
?Hardly anything___more than the happiness of seeing someone using his device for treatment. C(几乎没什么比看到有人将他的设备用于治疗更令他开心的了） A.please him B.does please him C.pleases him D.does him please
（二）?as或though引导的让步状语从句常用倒装。一般将一些形容词、副词、名词、动词等置于句首。
Wealthy as he is,I don't envy him.
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?Busy___he is,he can fulfill the task ahead of schedule（提前时间表/behind推迟）. B A.because B.as C.no matter how D.although（引导让步状语从句一般不倒装） ___,Tom has lived alone for 10 years in Japan. C
A.As is he a child B.As he is child C.Child as he is=Young as he is D.A child as is he
（三）当?so、often、?only等表示程度或频率的副词置于句首时，句子一般倒装。
?so/such...that如此...以致于 so/such＋倒装＋that （具体见第十三节） So great was the destruction that the south took decades to recover. ?only＋副词/介词短语从句 置句首
Only in this way can we accomplish it on time.
Only under special circumstances___to take make-up tests at the beginning of the semester. D
A.are permitted freshmen B.permitted are freshmen C.freshmen are permitted D.are freshmen permitted
Only after he has ?acquired considerable facility in speaking___to learn to read and write.B
A.he began B.will he begin C.did he begin D.must he begin ?见“词汇”第5组
（四）【全部倒装】当there,here,then,now等副词置于句首，且谓语动词为come,go,be等词时，句子一般全部倒装；但如果主语是代词，句子则不倒装。 Look!Here comes the taxi.
Here are some letters for you to type.
（五）【全部倒装】当out,in,away,up,bang等方位或拟声词置于句首时，句子一般全部倒装；但如果主语是代词，句子则不倒装。 Away flew the bird. Away she went.
第四节 形容词和副词 一、综述
favorable 有利的 There is no doubt that it has both favorable and unfavorable aspects. favorite 最喜欢的 -ly n.＋ly---adj.
friendly weekly monthly daily brotherly manly likely(adj.可能的） sb be likely to do sth.
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It（形式主语）is likely/possible/probable that... possible---possibly adv.
an interesting book something interesting adj.作后置定语
We should urge the government to take some___measures（采取有效措施） to___the unpleasant social problems. B
A.efficient有效率的,tackle（及物动词） B.effective行之有效的,handle（及物动词） C.efficient,cope(不及物动词） D.effective.deal(不及物动词）
二、重要考点
（一）当被修饰词是nothing,something,everything,anything等不定代词时，或者作定语的 形容词是以a-为前缀的形容词（?alike相像的，?alive,?asleep,awake) 及一些以-able，-ible为后缀的形容词（sensible可察觉的明智的,acceptable可接受的,visible可视的,④imaginable),通常将形容词放于被修饰词后面作后置定语，形容词短语也作后置定语。
?The twins are so much___and it is difficult to tell one from the other. D A.similar B.equal C.like D.alike look/be like 相像
be similar to（介词）与...相似 be equal to 与...相等
?alive 常作后置定语（见“词汇”第17组）
?stay awake醒的 fall asleep睡着的 （stay、fall是连系动词）
④imagine v.想象 imagination n. imaginative想象力丰富的 imaginary虚构的想象的
（二）形容词、副词比较级和最高级 （1）等比句句型
主语＋谓语＋as＋形容词/副词＋as＋比较对象
We have accomplished as(副词，如此） much in the past three years as（连词，比/如同） would have been taken ten years in the past.
主语＋谓语＋no+ (more/less＋形容词/副词)比较级＋than＋被比对象(不比...多/不少于） She is no less diligent than her classmates. 否定：not as/so...as
（2）比较级句型
主语＋谓语＋形容词/副词比较级＋（名词）＋than＋被比对象 Facts speak louder than eloquence.
主语＋谓语＋more/less＋形容词/副词＋than＋被比对象
The new edition of the dictionary is more expensive than the old one.
\否定的同级比较\也用于表示两个人或事物之间的差别：John doesn't work so hard as Henry.
（3）最高级句型
...the＋形容词/副词最高级＋（名词）＋范围词
Jane is the tallest girl in the department of public relations. 注：引导范围的介词，如果为同一范畴用of，否则用in
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Of all the students,Beth works hardest. ...否定词...＋比较级...（没有...比...更...)
There is nothing in the world more potent and more impotent than words.
（4）The...the...（越...越...) the more...the more... The harder you work,the greater progress you will make.
(5)superior(优于）、inferior(低于）、senior（年长于）、junior（年幼于）比较级的连词用to。 His strength is superior to mine.
（6）其他句型
?would rather/sooner V原形 than V原形
I would rather join you in research work than go on holiday to the seaside. prefer to V rather than V原形
I prefer to work rather than sit idle.
?prefer (doing) sth to（介词）(doing) sth.
?He ___live in the country than in the city, C
A.would B.likes to喜欢 C.would rather D.had better最好做 But she would rather stay at home alone than___to Jane's gossip. C A.to listen B.listening C.listen D.listened
The revolutionary fighter would rather die with his head high than___with his knees bent. C (would rather do than do)
A.to live B.living C.live D.lived
?Most students prefer___with their friends online to___them in person. D(prefer to V rather than V，prefer doing to doing)
A.chatting,visit B.to chat,visiting C.to chat,visit D.chatting,visiting
（三）(1)any,far,even,?much,slightly,a bit,a little,a lot,all the可用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。much,a lot,far表示“更...的多” (2)?倍数＋比较级/同级
This room is 3 times(倍数) as large as that one. This room is twice(两倍) larger than that one.
?The new method for refining aluminum was___that it became practical for many purposes,one of the first of which was for making pots and pans. B
A.so more cheaper B.so much cheaper C.so many cheaper D.such much cheaper so＋形容词/副词...that such＋名词...that ?This brand of handbag is___. A
A.twice as expensive as that one B.twice expensiver than that one C.as twice expensive as that one D.two times as expensive as that one
（四）有些词不用用比较级也不能用最高级：unique,perfect,infinite,matchless,empty,round square.
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（五）fairly 与 rather 的区别
fairly用于褒义形容词或副词(good,well)前；rather用于贬义形容词或副词(bad,badly)前。
第七节 时态 一、综述
hang hanged hanged 绞死 hang hung hung 悬挂 lie lied lied 撒谎
lie lay lain 躺位于（lie in在于） lay laid laid 放置/下蛋
lay down制定/lay out陈列/lay off使...下岗 二、重要考点（二、五、八少考） （一）一般现在时
?【主将从现】在以as soon as,when,after等引导的时间状语从句中（主句和从句的时态一致），或以if,unless等引导的条件状语从句中，通常使用一般现在时态。 I will ring you as soon as he comes back.
?Even if it___this afternoon,I will go there. C
A.has rained B.will rain C.rains D.will have rained
（二）现在进行时
They are constructing that building.
（1）有些表示状态和感觉的动词通常无进行时，除非这类动词词义发生变化。be,love,like,hate,believe,think,feel,seem. Do you see anyone over there?
Are you seeing someone off?（see off意思是“送行”）
（2）现在进行时也可表示将来的动作：它指按人们的计划、安排将要发生的动作或指即将开始的动作。
I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
（3）现在进行时也可用来给习惯动作加上赞赏或讨厌等感情色彩。 He is always finding fault with(对...挑剔) his employees.
（三）现在完成时
（1）出现表示到现在为止这段时间的状语时，谓语动词一般用现在完成时。up to(till) now,so far,these days,this summer,for...(后接一段时间的短语)，since...(后接过去某个具体时间).
We haven't seen each other again since we graduated in 1987.
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