B. a liquid matter
C. a substance in gas, liquid, or solid D. oil and gas
19、The word \ （B） A. appears B. contains C. immerges D. combines
20、The sentence in the last paragraph \is the business of the industry to find them\is closest in meaning to （A） A. The task of petroleum industry is to find them B. To find them is a business for petroleum industry C. To find them can earn much money
D. To find them can earn money for petroleum industry
PASSAGE FIVE
Geophysics is the application of the principles of physics to the study of the earth. Strictly speaking the subject includes meteorology, atmospheric electricity, or ionosphere physics; but in this monograph the word geophysics will be used in the more restricted sense, namely the physics of the body of the earth. The aim of pure geophysics is to deduce the physical properties of the earth and its internal constitution from the physical phenomena associated with it, for instance the geomagnetic field, the heat flow, the propagation of seismic waves, the force of gravity, etc.
On the other hand, the object of applied geophysics, with which this monograph is concerned, is to investigate specific, relatively small-scale and shallow features which are presumed to exist within the earth's crust. Among such features may be mentioned synclines and anticlines, geological faults, salt domes, undulations of the crystalline bedrock under a cover of moraine, ore bodies, clay deposits and so on. It is now common knowledge that the investigation of such features very often has a bearing on practical problems of oil prospecting, the location of water-bearing strata, mineral exploration, highway construction and civil engineering. Often, the application of physics, in combination with geological information, is the only satisfactory way towards a solution of these problems. 21、Which of the following is the author's main purpose in the passage? （D） A. Development of geophysics B. Principles of geophysics
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C. Methods of geophysics D. Application of geophysics
22、According to this passage, which of following objects cannot be investigated by geophysics? （D） A. Synclines and anticlines B. Geological faults C. Salt domes D. Core of the earth
23、Which sentence could be implied from this passage? （A） A. Geophysics is often the only satisfactory way towards a solution of oil prospecting. B. Geophysics is the only way towards a solution of oil prospecting.
C. Geophysics is the only satisfactory way towards a solution of all earth studying. D. Geophysics is the worst satisfactory way towards a solution of oil prospecting. 24、What does \ （B） A. geophysics B. the earth C. aim D. phenomena
25、According to this passage, which of the following sentence is true? （A） A. One of the aims of pure geophysics is to deduce the physical properties of the earth. B. The object of applied geophysics is to investigate all features which are presumed to exist within the earth's crust.
C. Geophysics is the application of the principles of physics to the study of the rocks. D. The application of geophysics is the only way towards a solution of the oil prospecting.
PASSAGE SIX
One of the areas in which the technical advances have been made most spectacular is in the transportation of petroleum and petroleum products. Many oil fields have been discovered in places that are far from the point at which the oil will be refined and used. One has only to think of oil deposits on the shores of the Arctic Ocean or in the jungles on the interior slope of the Amazon basin to realize the difficulties that are involved in getting the oil from the well to the consumer.
In fact, the difficulty was present at the world's first producing well, the one near Titusville, Pennsylvania. There were no railroads in that area in 1859, and no roads were good enough to get the oil out. Iii addition, the cost of hauling barrels with teams of horses or mules turned out to be much too high. The first solution was to ship the oil, already placed in barrels, on barges down a small stream to the Ohio River. This, however, was very hazardous. There
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were many accidents and a great deal of oil was lost. When the railroad eventually reached Titusville, special freight cars-those that we now call tank cars- were soon designed to transport the oil to market.
Meanwhile, steel pipes that would carry the oil were being developed. These' were the first oil pipelines, which took advantage of the fact that oil is a liquid. The idea of a pipeline was not new; water had been transported through pipes for hundreds of years. The oil pipelines were not accepted without a struggle, however. Some men who had been hauling the oil up to that time used explosives to blow up the newly laid lines, in the long run, however, the pipelines offered so many advantages that they won out. The first real long-distance pipeline was built in 1979 in Pennsylvania. It was later extended to New York harbor at Bayonne, New Jersey, which is still an important storage, refining, and shipping center. 26、What is the primary topic of this passage? （A） A. Transporting Oil B. Storing Oil C. Producing Oil D. Refining Oil 27、Where was the world's first producing well? （B） A. The one near Bayonne, New Jersey B. The one near Titusville, Pennsylvania C. The one in Amazon basin D. The one in Arctic Ocean
A. handing B. hooking C. pulling D. shoving
29、With which of the statements is the author most likely to agree? （A） A. The pipelines offers many advantages for transporting oil. B. The pipelines should not be used for transporting oil. C. The pipelines could be only used for transporting water. D. The pipelines could not transport oil for longer distance.
30、The word \ （A） A. achieved B. go out C. want out D. go through
PASSAGE SEVEN
Crude oil is a raw material, like iron ore, which must be processed before it can be used. In fact, there are several different processes through which oil can be passed, but together they
28、The word \ （C）
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are called refining.
Crude oil is a mixture of a number of different chemicals that are called hydrocarbons because they are composed of atoms of hydrogen and carbon. The atoms are joined together into molecules, the compounds of which are the smallest physical units of a particular substance. Hydrogen and carbon can join together into many different compounds with different molecular structures. They can form small, light molecules which are gases, heavier molecules which are liquids, or even heavier molecules which are solids or semisolids like asphalt and wax. The least complex hydrocarbons, those with the fewest atoms and therefore the lightest weights, make up products such as gasoline, while more complex and heavier molecules make up products like lubricating oil.
The mixture of crude oil contains fractions of the different hydrocarbon molecules, that is, a certain amount of each of them. A fraction of the molecules is contained in gasoline, for example, and a fraction of the molecules is contained in heating oil. In addition, the crude oil mixture usually contains impurities of one kind or another. One of the most common and least desirable of these is the chemical, sulfur. Oil with a low sulfur content is called sweet oil, and oil with a high sulfur content is called sour oil.
31、What is the main topic of the passage? （A） A. Refining oil B. The mixture of crude oil C. Crude oil is a raw material D. The molecules of oil
32、With which of the statements is the author most likely to agree? （C） A. Crude oil is a single substance.
B. Hydrocarbons are compounds with same molecular size. C. Crude oil is a mixture of a number of different hydrocarbons. D. Hydrocarbons are compounds with same molecular structures.
33、The word \ （D） A. Structures B. Compounds C. The atoms D. Hydrogen and carbon 34、According to this passage, which of following sentences is true? （A） A. Small, light hydrogen and carbon molecules are gases. B. Heavier hydrogen and carbon molecules are liquids, not solid. C. Gasoline is a heavier hydrocarbon.
D. Lubricating oil are made up from light hydrocarbons.
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35、The word \ （A） A. Sulfur and other chemicals B. Water C. Clay D. Sand
PASSAGE EIGHT
Catalytic cracking is a process for the conversion of heavy hydrocarbon fractions mainly into high-quality gasoline and fuel oil components, which are lighter, less viscous and thus more valuable than the feedstock.
The feedstock that is upgraded in this process would otherwise serve as a heavy fuel oil component. Heavy fuel oils are among the least valuable products obtained from crude oil, and they are also the easiest to find substitutes for. Hence, with increasing cost of crude oil there is an increasing incentive for application of catalytic crack. As a consequence, considerable development of all aspects of this relatively old process is taking place.
The conversion, or cracking, predominantly takes place in the vapor phase in the presence of a catalyst. This catalyst, which is available as pellets or as a powder, has the ability to enhance the rate of cracking reactions and selectively to promote certain types of reactions. This results in products and product properties that are characteristic of the catalytic cracking process, e.g. formation of relatively large quantities of olefins, iso-components, and aromatics. These components contribute significantly towards the high octane humber of the gasoline.
Part of the feedstock is converted into gas consisting of a mixture of hydrocarbons with four or fewer carbon atoms per molecule, hydrogen sulfide, and a small percentage of hydrogen. This gas may be processed in various ways. Usually it is separated in a gas separation unit into a Ca (i.e. ethane) and lighter fraction, a propane/ propylene fraction, and a butane/ butylene fraction. The C2 and lighter fraction may be either used as refinery fuel or sold as town gas after treating to remove the hydrogen sulfide. The treated propane/ propylene and butane.
36、What is the primary topic of this passage? （B） A. Refining oil B. Catalytic cracking C. Heavy fuel oils D. The treatment of oil
37、With which of the statements is the author most likely to agree? （A）
A. Catalytic cracking is to convert heavy hydrocarbon fractions mainly into high- quality
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