本科毕业论文
题 目
系 别专业班级姓 名指导教师
会计系 国会1015班 杨曜溶 吴彦龙 2014年04月26日
经济转型时期中小企业融资的创新之路
内容摘要
自上世纪90 年代以来，中小企业已成为推动我国市场经济发展和经济增长的重要力量，中小企业在促进我国经济增长、扩大劳动就业、推动技术进步、创造社会财富等方面起到越来越重要的作用，中小企业的发展已受到社会各界的高度关注。目前，我国经济正处于转型时期，中小企业创立和发展过程中始终面临融资问题。在我国巨大的就业压力和经济结构调整的需要下，大力发展中小企业显得尤为重要。在此背景下，研究和解决中小企业融资的问题具有十分重要的现实意义。我国中小企业由于受外部环境的制约和自身缺陷的约束，还有资金缺口困扰，发展受到严重制约。如今，我国大部分金融资源被商业银行所占据，中小企业获得外源融资的主要渠道仍是银行信贷。目前对我国中小企业融资难的研究侧重于理论的解释、形成原因分析，适合中小企业信贷融资的产品和服务创新的研究。这是本论文写作的起点。首先，本文对国内外有关中小企业融资现状进行了归纳描述，然后对中小企业融资难的问题从内部和外部两方面做出分析：一是从内部环境来看，包括中小企业的自身特点和中小企业的融资方式，不适合中小企业融资发展；二是从外部环境看，政府，金融机构，民间金融和资本市场等原因影响，造成中小企业融资困难的局面。而中小企业融资面临的内部环境和外部环境都难以在短期内改善，想要中小企业能走出融资困境，融资产品创新和扩展其他融资方式是破解中小企业融资难题的有效办法。本文从金融租赁、信用担保、优化融资制度、产业投资基金、动产融资、保理担保等方面论述融资的创新之路。
关键词：中小企业；融资创新；融资产品；
ABSTRACT
Since the 1990s,SMEs have become the China's market economy development and economic growth an important force in promoting SMEs in China's economic growth, expanding employment， promote technological progress, create social wealth has played an increasingly important role in the development of SMEs has been of concern to the community、 At present ， our country is in economic transition, financing problems of SMEs has become a top problem in the creation and development of SMEs has always suffered 、 China is facing huge employment pressures and the need for economic restructuring ， vigorously develop small and medium enterprises is particularly important、 In this context ， study and solve the problem of financing SMEs has very important significance 、 SMEs， due to constraints and the constraints of the external environment by their own shortcomings ， and thus subject to the funding gap plagued development are severely constrained、 Currently ， commercial banks accounted for most of our financial resources banks ， bank credit is still the main channel for SMEs to obtain external financing 、 Current research on the financing difficulties of SMEs in China focused on interpretation of the theory， causes analysis， research and innovative products and services for small and medium credit facilities 、 This is the starting point of this thesis writing、 Firstly， the current situation at home and abroad on SME financing were summarized description 、 Then make the difficult problem of SME financing from internal and external analysis of two aspects: First， from the internal environment， including small and medium enterprises SME financing its own characteristics ， is not suitable for SME financing 、 Second， the former external environment， the impact of government ,financial institutions， private financial and capital markets and other factors， SME financing difficult
situation、 The external environment facing SME financing and the external environment are difficult to improve in the short term ， you want to get out of financing difficulties of SMEs ， financing， product innovation and the expansion of other financing is an effective way to circumvent the problem of SME financing 、 The innovation of this paper from financial leasing， credit guarantee ， optimize financing system ， industrial investment funds ， real estate financing， guarantees and other aspects discussed factoring financing .
Keywords: SMEs; financing innovation; finance products
目 录
一、绪论 ......................................................................................................................................................... 1
（一）研究背景 ..................................................................................................................................... 1 （二）研究的意义 ................................................................................................................................. 1 （三）国内外研究综述 ......................................................................................................................... 2
1.国外研究综述 .............................................................................................................................. 2 2.国内研究综述 .............................................................................................................................. 2
二、我国中小企业融资现状分析 ................................................................................................................. 3
（一）中小企业的信用现状 ................................................................................................................. 3 （二）中小企业融资状况 ..................................................................................................................... 4 （三）缺乏相应的法律、法规保障体系 ............................................................................................. 5
1、我国中小企业融资特点 ........................................................................................................... 5
三、影响中小企业融资难的因素 ................................................................................................................. 6
（一）内部因素 ..................................................................................................................................... 6
1、中小企业的自身特点 ............................................................................................................... 6 （二）外部因素 ..................................................................................................................................... 7
1、政府 ........................................................................................................................................... 7 2、金融机构 ................................................................................................................................... 7 3、民间金融 ................................................................................................................................... 8
四、三种中小企业融资创新方式 ................................................................................................................. 8
（一）我国中小企业融资创新方式——金融租赁融资 ...................................................................... 9
1、金融租赁的含义 ....................................................................................................................... 9 2、金融租赁的特征 ....................................................................................................................... 9 3、金融租赁对中小企业的融资意义 ......................................................................................... 10 （二）我国中小企业融资创新方式——信用担保融资 .................................................................... 12
1、信用担保的含义 ..................................................................................................................... 12 2、中小企业的信用担保现状和存在问题 ................................................................................. 12 3、建立多元化的信用担保体系 ................................................................................................. 12 （三）我国中小企业融资创新方式——私募股权融资 .................................................................... 14
1、私募股权融资概述 ................................................................................................................. 14 2、私募股权融资对中小企业的意义 ......................................................................................... 14 3、私募股权融资与传统融资方式的比较 ................................................................................. 15 （四）我国中小企业融资创新——优化融资制度 ............................................................................ 15
1、优化外部环境 ......................................................................................................................... 15 2、优化中小企业法律法规体系 ................................................................................................. 16
五、结论 ....................................................................................................................................................... 16 致 谢 ........................................................................................................................................................... 18