marketing strict internal cost control, business and innovation performance. --Increasing electricity access, price increase, electricity supply is guaranteed. In 2012, the company with coal inventory, get rewards of Jiangsu provincial government power to 266 million kWh. Through the \bilateral trade, access to electricity 1.695 billion kWh, seeking removal compensation when the power 50 million-kilowatt, 116% market share in Jiangsu Province ranked first in the same capacity, the same type units. Company closely tracked coal linkage policies on July 1 and August 20 respectively increase prices 2.08 minutes and 2.5 points, profitability increased significantly. 公... Job grading, remuneration of labour agreements into long-term contract workers compensation system, stimulating the enthusiasm of the staff. --Further strengthening of human resources management. Full implementation of the performance appraisal regulations, incentive effect. Complete the reserve cadre evaluation and selection, produced 10 primary reserve cadres and 11 secondary reserve cadres. Implementation of operation staff induction gang system, 14 staff posts be promoted. Strengthening the cultivation of professional technical leaders, selected coverage 9 13 factory-level professional and technical leaders. To enhance staff skills training, 8 staff technicians. Labor contract law compliance, contracts of up to 100%. --Star team-building to advance further. Establish a \ng system implementation, and promoting the whole\ding goals, strengthen group management. Team building into a performance review, promoting the construction of the star team depth. This year, respectively, 1 track, 4 team four star rated five-star by Datang and the team. Four, insists on \construction of\ous development, really good job of party construction and the independent Commission against corruption, strengthening the humanistic care and psychological counseling, the enterprise culture construction to a new level. --Building of enterprise culture is fruitful. Companies adhere to the Shenhua lead of corporate culture, culture of responsibility at the core, to safety culture, a culture of learning, ethical culture, cost culture culture system-assisted, through various cultural integration, has boosted business centre, this year has won the \nese cultural management advanced unit\he building of enterprise culture of reform and opening up 30\The liability of the company culture: solving management problems of corporate culture project was awarded the CEC national electric power enterprise culture achievement award of excellence. The accident early warning and prevention system was rated as China's power of innovation management, innovation management of electric power enterprise in Jiangsu Province. --Party and the independent Commission against corruption continues to strengthen. Was carried out to \车辆贬值损失是否应予赔偿
——绍兴中级人民法院举行青年法官案例研讨会
文/绍兴市人民法院张帆等
案情简介：
上诉人（原审原告）：上虞市汇通汽车有限公司 被上诉人（原审被告）：王江锋、徐鹏军、陆建立、张宏 被上诉人（原审被告）：华安财产保险股份有限公司绍兴中心支公司 被上诉人（原审被告）：中国太平洋财产保险股份有限公司慈溪支公司 2006年6月8日，被告王江锋未取得驾驶证驾驶被告张宏所有的浙DW1179号轿车自北往南行驶，途径曹娥街道罗马假日宾馆边一十字路口时，与被告徐鹏军驾驶的被告陆建立所有并由陆建立指派驾驶的浙BK1438轿车发生碰撞，后浙DW1179号轿车又将路边停放的应培杰的浙DCN196摩托车撞坏，并将旁边上虞市汇通汽车有限公司的店门及店里外停放的待售新车一并撞坏，浙DW1179号轿车及浙BK1438轿车在事故中也损坏。事故发生后，上虞市公安局交通警察大队经调查，认定被告王江锋负事故的主要责任，被告徐鹏军负事故的次要责任。现原告有损失车辆修理费19980元，油漆费300元，铝合金门框损失费1000元，合计21280元。同时，原告尚有间接损失车价贬值费25000元。被告王江锋驾驶的浙DW1179号轿车在被告华安财产保险股份有限公司绍兴中心支公司投保第三者责任险。被告徐鹏军驾驶的浙BK1438轿车在被告中国太平洋财产保险股份有限公司慈溪支公司投保了第三者责任险。
原审法院判决认为：被告王江锋作为侵权人，对原告的损失应承担赔偿责任，被告张宏作为浙DW1179号轿车的车主，应对被告王江锋承担的赔偿责任承担连带责任；被告徐鹏军受被告陆建立指派驾驶车辆发生事故，对原告造成的损失应由被告陆建立承担赔偿责任，被告徐鹏军承担连带责任。原告提出的贬值损失，是可得利益的损失，在追究侵权责任的赔偿范围中，不包括可得利益的损失，因此，该损失不应由被告赔偿。被告张宏所有的浙DW1179号轿车虽在被告华安财产保险股份有限公司绍兴中心支公司投保了第三者责任险，但由于被告王江锋系无证驾驶，依照保险条款的约定无证驾驶的，保险公司不承担理赔责任，因此，被告华安财产保险股份有限公司绍兴中心支公司不应承担责任；被告中国太平洋财产保险股份有限公司慈溪支公司作为浙BK1438轿车的保险人，依照合同约定应在保险限额范围内对原告的损失承担赔偿责任。
上诉人上虞市汇通汽车有限公司不服一审判决，向绍兴市中级人民法院提起上诉。上诉人认为，本案中上诉人待出售的新车经维修，整体结构被破坏，自身价值肯定发生了变化下降。折价赔偿数额应该包括修车费和车辆贬值损失两部分。被上诉人中国太平洋财产保险股份有限公司慈溪支公司委托代理人答辩称：1.车辆的损失应以恢复原状为原则，作为贬值损失，缺少相应事实依据。上诉人的车辆已经进行了修理，恢复了原状，并且未销售，不存在贬值损失。2.即使存在贬值损失，作为保险公司依照中国保监会的规定，赔偿是以直接损失来进行理赔的，对这一贬值损失不需要承担责任。被上诉人陆建立答辩称：车辆财产损失主要是修复，贬值损失要求赔偿在法律上是没有依据的。请求驳回上诉，维持原判。
ecurity, profit, maintain stability and promote harmonious development\content of the %uarantees\ce activities and \party spirit, to conduct, for example\party and further improvement of the level of work. Staff participating in the honest and clean culture construction seminars, staff's sense of probity and enhanced. Founded by honest inspectors team composed of 12 employees to broaden the channels of supervision. Adhere to establish \ship activities, staff satisfaction rate of 98% to the team. --Group work dynamic. Promoting the openness of factory Affairs, proposal for a love letter box, to the vital interests of the staff Trade Union delegation leader meeting of the 26 system to discuss and safeguard their democratic rights. Improve the organizational structure of the mission, the work of strengthening. Organize maintenance labor emulation and \Cup\on, enhance the skills of staff. Organized a variety of cultural activities, physical and mental health care staff, to create a harmonious atmosphere. During the Wenchuan earthquake, donated all the company employees, to love, to support the disaster areas. This year, the company has won the \n be controlled, money should not be wasted \osophy, management analysis, to improve management quality, improve cost control capacity and market competitiveness. Innovation of science and technology--science and technology innovation is to play the role of science and technology as the primary productive force, active use of new technologies, new materials, new processes, new equipment, increase investment in science and technology, strengthening scientific and technological training, speeding up transforming scientific and technological achievements, forming a number of proprietary technology, enhancing core competitivness. Resource-saving-the-resources saving enterprise was to reduce coal consumption, water consumption, electricity at the core, enhance the operation of lean management to realize low consumption, high efficiency, reduce production costs. Second is to strengthen the business, financial, material, information and the optimization of organization and management, saving the internal transaction costs. Harmonious development of harmonious development--is to construct a \onment for development. \curity firm and internal management of the internal management measures are effective, harmonious\\prise coordinating development of homeopathy, well, get along with the neighbors better.\prises building intrinsic safety power company goals are: unplanned outage 0 times. Class of disorders 0, 0 is equivalent forced outage rate. No personal injury accident, material and equipment accidents do not occur, no fire, no environmental pollution accident. Enterprise integrated to achieve zero cases of violation, zero accidents, zero. Quality goal is: when generating capacity ≥ 7.5marketing strict internal cost control, business and innovation performance. --Increasing electricity access, price increase, electricity supply is guaranteed. In 2012, the company with coal inventory, get rewards of Jiangsu provincial government power to 266 million kWh. Through the \ and bilateral trade, access to electricity 1.695 billion kWh, seeking removal compensation when the power 50 million-kilowatt, 116% market share in Jiangsu Province ranked first in the same capacity, the same type units. Company closely tracked coal linkage policies on July 1 and August 20 respectively increase prices 2.08 minutes and 2.5 points, profitability increased significantly. 公... Job grading, remuneration of labour agreements into long-term contract workers compensation system, stimulating the enthusiasm of the staff. --Further strengthening of human resources management. Full implementation of the performance appraisal regulations, incentive effect. Complete the reserve cadre evaluation and selection, produced 10 primary reserve cadres and 11 secondary reserve cadres. Implementation of operation staff induction gang system, 14 staff posts be promoted. Strengthening the cultivation of professional technical leaders, selected coverage 9 13 factory-level professional and technical leaders. To enhance staff skills training, 8 staff technicians. Labor contract law compliance, contracts of up to 100%. --Star team-building to advance further. Establish a \ng system implementation, and promoting the whole\-building goals, strengthen group management. Team building into a performance review, promoting the construction of the star team depth. This year, respectively, 1 track, 4 team four star rated five-star by Datang and the team. Four, insists on \construction of\ous development, really good job of party construction and the independent Commission against corruption, strengthening the humanistic care and psychological counseling, the enterprise culture construction to a new level. --Building of enterprise culture is fruitful. Companies adhere to the Shenhua lead of corporate culture, culture of responsibility at the core, to safety culture, a culture of learning, ethical culture, cost culture culture system-assisted, through various cultural integration, has boosted business centre, this year has won the \nese cultural management advanced unit\he building of enterprise culture of reform and opening up 30\bility of the company culture: solving management problems of corporate culture project was awarded the CEC national electric power enterprise culture achievement award of excellence. The accident early warning and prevention system was rated as China's power of innovation management, innovation management of electric power enterprise in Jiangsu Province. --Party and the independent Commission against corruption continues to strengthen. Was carried out to \问题：
（一）本案中原告要求赔偿车辆贬值损失的诉请应否予以支持？
（二）如果车辆并非待售新车，而是旧车呢？是否对该上诉请求予以支持呢？
王红良（中院民一庭）
贬值损失在性质上应当属于积极损害。积极损害又称直接损失，是指财产的直接损害，包括对不动产、动产等财产进行毁损，致使该财产的外在形式、内在质量遭受破坏，甚至完全丧失，直接影响其价值和使用价值。本案中，汽车贬值损失形成的主要原因在于被上诉人的侵权行为造成了新车毁损。虽然被毁损车辆事后经过修理等补救措施，但其价值并未完全回复到损害发生前状态，被毁损车辆市场价值仍然发生了下降。而且无论被毁损车辆是否实际被出售，这一价值减损都将客观存在。因此，贬值损失属于直接损失。此外，贬值损失是被毁损车辆经修补后没有完全回复的价值部分，这一损失的发生不以被毁损车辆是新车为要件，旧车也有可能发生贬值损失。通常来说，新车被毁损发生贬值损失的可能性和贬值损失的大小都要大于旧车。
侵权行为法立法目的之一在于填补被侵权人所遭受损失，使之恢复损害发生前的状态。无论直接损失还是间接损失，被侵权人原则上都可以请求侵权人赔偿。本案中贬值损失属于因侵权行为所引起的直接损失，被侵权人当然可以要求赔偿该部分损失，原审判决认为该部分损失不能要求赔偿并不恰当。
在肯定了贬值损失的可赔偿性之后，还要明确如何确定贬值损失。我国《侵权责任法》第19条规定：“侵害他人财产的，财产损失按照损失发生时的市场价格或者其他方式计算。”关于本条的具体适用，主要有以下三个要点：财产价格、计算时期和计算地点。财产价格和计算时期本条做了明确规定，即按照损失发生时的市场价格或其他价格计算，如果没有市场价格的，则可以采取评估等方式计算；对于计算地点则未作明确规定，我认为可以参考侵权行为发生地的市场价格。因此，本案中贬值损失应当是侵权行为发生时侵权行为地的同种全新车市场价格和侵权行为发生后侵权行为地的被毁损车辆市场价格两者之间的差额。
王瑜（中院民二庭）
一、汽车贬值损失不属于可得利益损失 可得利益是指合同履行后可以获得的利益，但可得利益同样存在于侵权法等领域。可得利益关键在于“可期待性”、“可预见性”，且可得利益往往是将来可以获得的积极利益。汽车发生碰撞不是撞车车主期待发生的，汽车贬值损失也不是车主开车上路时就期待获得赔偿的，汽车贬值损失属于既得利益损失，而不属于可预见的“可得利益”损失。一审法院认定车辆贬值损失为“可得利益”损失不当。
二、汽车贬值损失应当获得赔偿
汽车碰撞后即使修理回复到原来的形状、颜色与性能，但汽车市场上对于有过事故的汽车，评估价格必然低于没有发生过事故的汽车，这个差额即“商业价值”差额。
对于汽车贬值损失是否应当赔偿，司法实践中存在三种意见：
1.赞成对车辆减值损失予以全部赔偿。该意见认为，车辆减值损失属于民法的直接损失范畴，而且这种损害事实与侵害行为之间存在因果关系，理应得到全部赔偿。
2.对车辆减值损失应适当赔偿而不是全部赔偿。该意见认为，对于车辆减值损失的赔偿应当适当，可以掌握的规则是：车辆受损情况未达到影响车辆安全驾
ecurity, profit, maintain stability and promote harmonious development\content of the %uarantees\ce activities and \party spirit, to conduct, for example\party and further improvement of the level of work. Staff participating in the honest and clean culture construction seminars, staff's sense of probity and enhanced. Founded by honest inspectors team composed of 12 employees to broaden the channels of supervision. Adhere to establish \ship activities, staff satisfaction rate of 98% to the team. --Group work dynamic. Promoting the openness of factory Affairs, proposal for a love letter box, to the vital interests of the staff Trade Union delegation leader meeting of the 26 system to discuss and safeguard their democratic rights. Improve the organizational structure of the mission, the work of strengthening. Organize maintenance labor emulation and \Cup\on, enhance the skills of staff. Organized a variety of cultural activities, physical and mental health care staff, to create a harmonious atmosphere. During the Wenchuan earthquake, donated all the company employees, to love, to support the disaster areas. This year, the company has won the \n be controlled, money should not be wasted \osophy, management analysis, to improve management quality, improve cost control capacity and market competitiveness. Innovation of science and technology--science and technology innovation is to play the role of science and technology as the primary productive force, active use of new technologies, new materials, new processes, new equipment, increase investment in science and technology, strengthening scientific and technological training, speeding up transforming scientific and technological achievements, forming a number of proprietary technology, enhancing core competitiveness. Resource-saving-the-resources saving enterprise was to reduce coal consumption, water consumption, electricity at the core, enhance the operation of lean management to realize low consumption, high efficiency, reduce production costs. Second is to strengthen the business, financial, material, information and the optimization of organization and management, saving the internal transaction costs. Harmonious development of harmonious development--is to construct a \onment for development. \curity firm and internal management of the internal management measures are effective, harmonious\\prise coordinating development of homeopathy, well, get along with the neighbors better.\prises building intrinsic safety power company goals are: unplanned outage 0 times. Class of disorders 0, 0 is quivalent forced outage rate. No personal injury accident, material and equipment accidents do not occur, no fire, no environmental pollution accident. Enterprise integrated to achieve zero cases of violation, zero accidents, zero. Quality goal is: when generating capacity ≥ 7.5 marketing strict internal cost control, business and innovation performance. --Increasing electricity access, price increase, electricity supply is guaranteed. In 2012, the company with coal inventory, get rewards of Jiangsu provincial government power to 266 million kWh. Through the \bilateral trade, access to electricity 1.695 billion kWh, seeking removal compensation when the power 50 million-kilowatt, 116% market share in Jiangsu Province ranked first in the same capacity, the same type units. Company closely tracked coal linkage policies on July 1 and August 20 respectively increase prices 2.08 minutes and 2.5 points, profitability increased significantly. 公... Job grading, remuneration of labour agreements into long-term contract workers compensation system, stimulating the enthusiasm of the staff. --Further strengthening of human resources management. Full implementation of the performance appraisal regulations, incentive effect. Complete the reserve cadre evaluation and selection, produced 10 primary reserve cadres and 11 secondary reserve cadres. Implementation of operation staff induction gang system, 14 staff posts be promoted. Strengthening the cultivation of professional technical leaders, selected coverage 9 13 factory-level professional and technical leaders. To enhance staff skills training, 8 staff technicians. Labor contract law compliance, contracts of up to 100%. --Star team-building to advance further. Establish a \ng system implementation, and promoting the whole\ding goals, strengthen group management. Team building into a performance review, promoting the construction of the star team depth. This year, respectively, 1 track, 4 team four star rated five-star by Datang and the team. Four, insists on \construction of\ous development, really good job of party construction and the independent Commission against corruption, strengthening the humanistic care and psychological counseling, the enterprise culture construction to a new level. --Building of enterprise culture is fruitful. Companies adhere to the Shenhua lead of corporate culture, culture of responsibility at the core, to safety culture, a culture of learning, ethical culture, cost culture culture system-assisted, through various cultural integration, has boosted business centre, this year has won the \nese cultural management advanced unit\he building of enterprise culture of reform and opening up 30\The liability of the company culture: solving management problems of corporate culture project was awarded the CEC national electric power enterprise culture achievement award of excellence. The accident early warning and prevention system was rated as China's power of innovation management, innovation management of electric power enterprise in Jiangsu Province. --Party and the independent Commission against corruption continues to strengthen. Was carried out to \驶程度的，一般仅支持修车费赔偿要求，不支持车辆减值损失赔偿要求；车辆受损情况已达到影响车辆驾驶性能或安全性能且不能完全恢复原状的程度的，可支持车辆减值损失赔偿要求，但应控制赔偿数额。
3.反对对车辆减值损失进行赔偿。持该意见的理由主要是：第一，在车辆没有交易的前提下，主张对其进行赔偿，缺乏事实依据；第二，在实际操作中，如何确定该损失的数额是一个异常困难的问题，车辆减值损失很难予以分类量化，为避免对其查明的困难，可选择的方法就是不将其列入赔偿的范围；第三，因车辆受损已经得到修复，损失基本得到弥补，因此对减值损失不予赔偿。（参见杨立新：《车辆减值损失应当得到合理的赔偿》）。
我赞同第二种意见。损害赔偿的最高原则是填补受害人的损失，使受害人的财产恢复到如同损害未曾发生的状态。汽车碰撞后客观上会发生贬值损失，这种损害客观存在，属于侵权法上的损害，应当进行赔偿。首先，不能因为刮蹭等轻微损伤可以完全修复不影响汽车使用而否定贬值损失的存在。其次，车辆贬值损失可以进行量化，如同伤残评级，可以就受损程度、车子新旧程度、赔偿比例等进行评级，由权威机构评估出一个相对公允的贬值损失额。虽然这个评估价格不可能和客观真实绝对吻合，但能在现有技术条件下尽量接近客观真实。再次，对于车辆已善意出卖的，法官可以参考转让价格差来认定车辆的贬值损失。最后，司法实践中已有不少法院如上海浦东新区法院判决支持赔偿车辆贬值损失（参见载于《新民晚报》2010年1月11日的《宝马新车被撞损失上百万元——车主获赔车辆修理费36万余元及贬值损失25万元》）。
但是受害人之损害填补到何种程度是确定损害赔偿时需要重点考量的问题。法官在确定贬值损失时，须考虑赔偿义务人的赔偿能力，以及双方的责任比例，酌定应赔偿的损失，而不是判决全部赔偿。在认定车辆贬值损失时，应当考虑以下因素：（1）车辆贬值损失是否明显。如果车辆碰撞后修复，并不会明显影响车辆驾驶操控性、安全性，对于这种贬值损失不明显的则不予赔偿；如果车辆碰撞后明显有损车辆操控性、安全性的，应该予以适当赔偿。（2）双方过错程度。在车辆碰撞中过错大，责任比例大的一方应承担较多损失。如果双方负同等责任，则互不赔偿贬值损失，方显公平。（3）赔偿义务人的赔偿能力。对车辆贬值损失的赔偿不能超过普通车主上路行驶可预见的风险范围。在确定赔偿金额时，须考量赔偿义务人的赔偿能力，酌情予以认定。
张帆（中院民二庭）
车辆贬值损失，指车辆发生事故受损，经修复后使用性能虽已恢复，但其本身价值却会因事故而降低,实质是车辆在车辆受损前后的交易价格差额。车辆贬值损失是否应当赔偿，目前尚未有定论。
车辆发生事故经修理后，在使用价值方面，其舒适性、动力性等方面会存在一定程度的降低；若作为二手车交易，价格肯定远低于同类同期车辆，其从权利受损、利益差额等视角上都成立民法上的损害。因此，将车辆贬值损失纳入赔偿的范畴，既是现实商品经济发展的需要，又能够更好地保护车主的合法权益。但如对车辆贬值损失赔偿的条件不加以限制，则势必会造成驾车人赔偿责任的增重和驾车风险的加大，甚至出现以赔偿车辆贬值损失谋求不法利益的情形产生。因此，车辆贬值损失要获得赔偿需同时满足以下特定前提：
一、车辆主体结构、基本功能或主要部件受损
并非所有事故车辆都可以要求贬值损失赔偿，因为一般部件受损，并不必然导致贬值损失发生，比如剐蹭、摩擦等造成车辆非重要部位损坏，经修理完全可恢复原状；而大梁等关键部位受损，会严重影响到车辆的质量和性能，其耐用性、
ecurity, profit, maintain stability and promote harmonious development\content of the %uarantees\ce activities and \party spirit, to conduct, for example\party and further improvement of the level of work. Staff participating in the honest and clean culture construction seminars, staff's sense of probity and enhanced. Founded by honest inspectors team composed of 12 employees to broaden the channels of supervision. Adhere to establish \ship activities, staff satisfaction rate of 98% to the team. --Group work dynamic. Promoting the openness of factory Affairs, proposal for a love letter box, to the vital interests of the staff Trade Union delegation leader meeting of the 26 system to discuss and safeguard their democratic rights. Improve the organizational structure of the mission, the work of strengthening. Organize maintenance labor emulation and \Cup\on, enhance the skills of staff. Organized a variety of cultural activities, physical and mental health care staff, to create a harmonious atmosphere. During the Wenchuan earthquake, donated all the company employees, to love, to support the disaster areas. This year, the company has won the \n be controlled, money should not be wasted \osophy, management analysis, to improve management quality, improve cost control capacity and market competitiveness. Innovation of science and technology--science and technology innovation is to play the role of science and technology as the primary productive force, active use of new technologies, new materials, new processes, new equipment, increase investment in science and technology, strengthening scientific and technological training, speeding up transforming scientific and technological achievements, forming a number of proprietary technology, enhancing core competitivness. Resource-saving-the-resources saving enterprise was to reduce coal consumption, water consumption, electricity at the core, enhance the operation of lean management to realize low consumption, high efficiency, reduce production costs. Second is to strengthen the business, financial, material, information and the optimization of organization and management, saving the internal transaction costs. Harmonious development of harmonious development--is to construct a \onment for development. \curity firm and internal management of the internal management measures are effective, harmonious\\prise coordinating development of homeopathy, well, get along with the neighbors better.\prises building intrinsic safety power company goals are: unplanned outage 0 times. Class of disorders 0, 0 is equivalent forced outage rate. No personal injury accident, material and equipment accidents do not occur, no fire, no environmental pollution accident. Enterprise integrated to achieve zero cases of violation, zero accidents, zero. Quality goal is: when generating capacity ≥ 7.5marketing strict internal cost control, business and innovation performance. --Increasing electricity access, price increase, electricity supply is guaranteed. In 2012, the company with coal inventory, get rewards of Jiangsu provincial government power to 266 million kWh. Through the \ and bilateral trade, access to electricity 1.695 billion kWh, seeking removal compensation when the power 50 million-kilowatt, 116% market share in Jiangsu Province ranked first in the same capacity, the same type units. Company closely tracked coal linkage policies on July 1 and August 20 respectively increase prices 2.08 minutes and 2.5 points, profitability increased significantly. 公... Job grading, remuneration of labour agreements into long-term contract workers compensation system, stimulating the enthusiasm of the staff. --Further strengthening of human resources management. Full implementation of the performance appraisal regulations, incentive effect. Complete the reserve cadre evaluation and selection, produced 10 primary reserve cadres and 11 secondary reserve cadres. Implementation of operation staff induction gang system, 14 staff posts be promoted. Strengthening the cultivation of professional technical leaders, selected coverage 9 13 factory-level professional and technical leaders. To enhance staff skills training, 8 staff technicians. Labor contract law compliance, contracts of up to 100%. --Star team-building to advance further. Establish a \ng system implementation, and promoting the whole\-building goals, strengthen group management. Team building into a performance review, promoting the construction of the star team depth. This year, respectively, 1 track, 4 team four star rated five-star by Datang and the team. Four, insists on \construction of\ous development, really good job of party construction and the independent Commission against corruption, strengthening the humanistic care and psychological counseling, the enterprise culture construction to a new level. --Building of enterprise culture is fruitful. Companies adhere to the Shenhua lead of corporate culture, culture of responsibility at the core, to safety culture, a culture of learning, ethical culture, cost culture culture system-assisted, through various cultural integration, has boosted business centre, this year has won the \nese cultural management advanced unit\he building of enterprise culture of reform and opening up 30\bility of the company culture: solving management problems of corporate culture project was awarded the CEC national electric power enterprise culture achievement award of excellence. The accident early warning and prevention system was rated as China's power of innovation management, innovation management of electric power enterprise in Jiangsu Province. --Party and the independent Commission against corruption continues to strengthen. Was carried out to \安全驾驶性都会降低。因此，车辆贬值损失赔偿就像人身损害赔偿一样，只有达到一定的“伤残等级”才可以主张残疾赔偿金。
二、赔偿权利主体为无过错或过错程度较轻的车辆所有人
如对赔偿权利主体不加以限制，则可能出现这种情况：奔驰车撞了QQ车，奔驰车负全责，但是由于奔驰车本身的价值，其贬值损失可能达到10万元，QQ车的贬值损失可能只有5000元，如果赋予全责的奔驰车以贬值损失赔偿请求权，则无过错的QQ车向全责的奔驰车赔偿得更多，因此，车辆贬值损失赔偿权利主体应限定为无过错或过错程度较轻的车辆所有人，对于在事故中负全部责任或主要责任的当事人，其车辆贬值损失的请求也无法获得支持或无法全部获得支持。
三、侵权行为发生时，贬值车辆已有明确出售意思 损害赔偿的目的在于填补损害，法律上之回复原状，其内涵为回复应有状况，而非绝对的原有状况。物品的价值表现为使用价值和交换价值，使用价值是物品能够满足人们某种需要的属性，而交换价值是一种物品与另一物品相交换的量的比例关系。对于回复原状，在使用价值方面，回复到能够满足人们的某种需求即认为完成了法律回复原状之要求；但在交换价值方面，回复原状，则需体现在两物品交换量的比例相当状态。已有明确出售意思的车辆发生损害时，出售的意思表示使得该车辆的交换价值在车辆的整体价值中占主导地位，虽然在侵权行为发生时该车辆仍用于运输或自用，但在车辆交易时其价格会低于未发生事故的车辆，使得车辆贬值损失成为一种现实的损失，车辆若不出卖仍保留自用，则无交换价值损失可言。实践中，对于明确的出售意思,应由主张车辆贬值损失的赔偿权利人承担举证责任。
四、发生贬值的车辆为新车
通常来说，权利人主张贬值损失的车辆应为新车，对于新车的判定标准，应根据个案来予以把握。新车能够主张价值贬值损失的原因包括以下几方面：第一，将产生贬值损失赔偿请求的车辆限定为新车，是为防止以骗取贬值损失作为谋取非法利益的手段，在社会上可能出现驾车“碰瓷”从而获得贬值损失赔偿，而按通常的心理角度来说，采用新车来骗取贬值损失的几率明显低于采用旧车骗取贬值损失；其次，新车的使用寿命、安全性能、驾驶操控性等整体技术指标都处在一个最优水平，发生损害时交换价值的贬值损失较旧车更大；再次，车辆在长期行驶过程中会发生一定程度的自然性贬值、功能性贬值以及经济性贬值，这三类贬值可能受车辆所有人对车辆爱护情况、行驶距离、购买时间等多方面因素的影响而难以确定，新车由于购买时间短、行驶距离短等不存在或较少存在自然贬值等情形，更易于评估。
五、车辆贬值损失的量化应经过专业评估机构评估
在司法实践中，事故车辆修理费通常需要通过价格认证中心评估确定， 而车辆贬值损失更属于专业技术领域,需要根据车辆事故前的价值、成新率、修复费用、车辆修复后二手车交易价格的下调幅度等因素做出综合判断。专业评估机构出具的评估结果既是证明受损车主存在车辆贬值损失的证据,也能为法院认定车辆贬值损失金额提供依据。
六、具备损害赔偿的其他构成要件
车辆贬值损失作为一种因侵权行为而产生的损失，损害赔偿要件还应具备侵权行为导致损害赔偿的一般构成要件，包括侵权行为、损害后果以及因果关系。
综上所述，我认为：在车辆损害赔偿案件中，车辆贬值损失请求一般不予支持，但因他人过错导致新车主体结构、基本功能或主要部件等受损，且侵权行为发生时车辆所有人具有出售车辆意图时，无过错或过错程度较轻方可以请求车辆
ecurity, profit, maintain stability and promote harmonious development\content of the %uarantees\ce activities and \party spirit, to conduct, for example\party and further improvement of the level of work. Staff participating in the honest and clean culture construction seminars, staff's sense of probity and enhanced. Founded by honest inspectors team composed of 12 employees to broaden the channels of supervision. Adhere to establish \ship activities, staff satisfaction rate of 98% to the team. --Group work dynamic. Promoting the openness of factory Affairs, proposal for a love letter box, to the vital interests of the staff Trade Union delegation leader meeting of the 26 system to discuss and safeguard their democratic rights. Improve the organizational structure of the mission, the work of strengthening. Organize maintenance labor emulation and \Cup\on, enhance the skills of staff. Organized a variety of cultural activities, physical and mental health care staff, to create a harmonious atmosphere. During the Wenchuan earthquake, donated all the company employees, to love, to support the disaster areas. This year, the company has won the \n be controlled, money should not be wasted \osophy, management analysis, to improve management quality, improve cost control capacity and market competitiveness. Innovation of science and technology--science and technology innovation is to play the role of science and technology as the primary productive force, active use of new technologies, new materials, new processes, new equipment, increase investment in science and technology, strengthening scientific and technological training, speeding up transforming scientific and technological achievements, forming a number of proprietary technology, enhancing core competitiveness. Resource-saving-the-resources saving enterprise was to reduce coal consumption, water consumption, electricity at the core, enhance the operation of lean management to realize low consumption, high efficiency, reduce production costs. Second is to strengthen the business, financial, material, information and the optimization of organization and management, saving the internal transaction costs. Harmonious development of harmonious development--is to construct a \onment for development. \curity firm and internal management of the internal management measures are effective, harmonious\\prise coordinating development of homeopathy, well, get along with the neighbors better.\prises building intrinsic safety power company goals are: unplanned outage 0 times. Class of disorders 0, 0 is quivalent forced outage rate. No personal injury accident, material and equipment accidents do not occur, no fire, no environmental pollution accident. Enterprise integrated to achieve zero cases of violation, zero accidents, zero. Quality goal is: when generating capacity ≥ 7.5 marketing strict internal cost control, business and innovation performance. --Increasing electricity access, price increase, electricity supply is guaranteed. In 2012, the company with coal inventory, get rewards of Jiangsu provincial government power to 266 million kWh. Through the \bilateral trade, access to electricity 1.695 billion kWh, seeking removal compensation when the power 50 million-kilowatt, 116% market share in Jiangsu Province ranked first in the same capacity, the same type units. Company closely tracked coal linkage policies on July 1 and August 20 respectively increase prices 2.08 minutes and 2.5 points, profitability increased significantly. 公... Job grading, remuneration of labour agreements into long-term contract workers compensation system, stimulating the enthusiasm of the staff. --Further strengthening of human resources management. Full implementation of the performance appraisal regulations, incentive effect. Complete the reserve cadre evaluation and selection, produced 10 primary reserve cadres and 11 secondary reserve cadres. Implementation of operation staff induction gang system, 14 staff posts be promoted. Strengthening the cultivation of professional technical leaders, selected coverage 9 13 factory-level professional and technical leaders. To enhance staff skills training, 8 staff technicians. Labor contract law compliance, contracts of up to 100%. --Star team-building to advance further. Establish a \ng system implementation, and promoting the whole\ding goals, strengthen group management. Team building into a performance review, promoting the construction of the star team depth. This year, respectively, 1 track, 4 team four star rated five-star by Datang and the team. Four, insists on \construction of\ous development, really good job of party construction and the independent Commission against corruption, strengthening the humanistic care and psychological counseling, the enterprise culture construction to a new level. --Building of enterprise culture is fruitful. Companies adhere to the Shenhua lead of corporate culture, culture of responsibility at the core, to safety culture, a culture of learning, ethical culture, cost culture culture system-assisted, through various cultural integration, has boosted business centre, this year has won the \nese cultural management advanced unit\he building of enterprise culture of reform and opening up 30\The liability of the company culture: solving management problems of corporate culture project was awarded the CEC national electric power enterprise culture achievement award of excellence. The accident early warning and prevention system was rated as China's power of innovation management, innovation management of electric power enterprise in Jiangsu Province. --Party and the independent Commission against corruption continues to strengthen. Was carried out to \贬值损失，其贬值损失的大小由专业评估机构评估。原告上虞市汇通汽车有限公司作为一家以销售汽车为其经营范围的公司，其待售新车因被告的侵权行为而撞坏，且原告在本次事故中无过错，如果受损车辆是主体结构、基本功能或主要部件受损，则可以获得贬值损失赔偿，其具体数额由专业评估机构鉴定得出，若是一般损害则其贬值损失不能获得支持。
兰祥燕（中院民一庭）
本案的争议焦点在于事故车辆是否存在贬值损失，以及贬值损失是否应当赔偿。
一、关于事故车辆是否存在贬值损失问题
车辆是一种价值较高的由各种动力装置组成的机械构造物，除了发动机、底盘、车身和电气设备等基本组成部分外，还有其他一些辅助性装置，如车窗玻璃、车轮胎等可以独立存在且不会影响车辆其他装置性能的各种配件。汽车发生交通事故后，可以根据事故造成的损害能否完全修复，将损失分为两类：一类为经修理后可完全恢复原状的一般损失，这种一般损失经过物理修复（如喷漆、轮胎更换等），不会对汽车的使用寿命、动力性、安全性、美观性和舒适性等造成影响，完全可以恢复其“原状”，侵权责任表现为汽车修理费用的承担；另一类为特殊损失，即所谓汽车的“贬值损失”。相对于一般损失而言，车辆贬值损失，是指车辆在事故发生后，虽经过修理恢复其使用功能，但由于事故损耗，其外观美感、使用寿命、安全性能以及车辆价值的一般社会评估等难以恢复到事故发生前，由此而带来的车辆实际经济价值的降低，侵权责任表现为汽车贬损价值的承担。车辆发生交通事故经修理后是否存在贬值损失，应视车辆毁损部分的恢复情况而定，如事故车辆经过修理后能够完全恢复原状，则不存在贬值损失，如果经过修理后只能部分恢复原状，但是不可避免地对其使用寿命、动力性、安全性等造成损害，则存在贬值损失。
二、关于贬值损失是否应当赔偿问题 1.车辆贬值损失是事故造成的直接损失
财产损失分为直接损失和间接损失。有观点认为，车辆贬值损失是一种间接损失，是特定情境下（交易环节）的预期利益损失，只有当车主将事故车辆实际出卖，处于交易环节的时候，车辆贬损才会反映出来；若车主继续保有车辆并使用，则车辆并没有价格上的损失。这种观点仅仅是从货币价格的表象来衡量车辆价值。实际上，事故车辆在交易过程中价格降低的根本原因是事故车辆在使用寿命、安全性能和社会一般心理等方面遭受了不可恢复原状的客观损失。车辆贬值损失实质上是因为事故造成的瑕疵的经济价值损失，是汽车原有价值由于可归责于侵权人原因事实的发生所造成的直接贬损，并不以车辆是否出卖为条件，因为即使车辆不进行交易，这种缺陷也一直客观存在，只不过由原车主以一种隐性方式承担了这种缺陷带来的损失。因此，从本质上讲，贬值损失是事故直接导致的车辆在使用寿命、安全性能和社会一般心理等方面的缺陷，它是一种直接损失。
2.贬值损失的赔偿是对车辆无法恢复原状部分的折价赔偿
根据《民法通则》第106条“公民、法人由于过错侵害国家的、集体的财产，侵害他人财产、人身的，应当承担民事责任”与第107条“损坏国家的、集体的财产或者他人财产的，应当恢复原状或者折价赔偿”的规定,同时根据《侵权责任法》第15条的规定，承担侵权责任的方式有恢复原状和赔偿损失等方式，并明确表明以上承担侵权责任的方式，可以单独适用，也可以合并适用。因此，恢复原状和折价赔偿是当事人可以选择的两种不同赔偿方式，对于可以完全恢复原状的车辆一般损失，只需赔偿其相应的修理费用。而对车辆在通过修理无法完全
ecurity, profit, maintain stability and promote harmonious development\content of the %uarantees\ce activities and \party spirit, to conduct, for example\party and further improvement of the level of work. Staff participating in the honest and clean culture construction seminars, staff's sense of probity and enhanced. Founded by honest inspectors team composed of 12 employees to broaden the channels of supervision. Adhere to establish \ship activities, staff satisfaction rate of 98% to the team. --Group work dynamic. Promoting the openness of factory Affairs, proposal for a love letter box, to the vital interests of the staff Trade Union delegation leader meeting of the 26 system to discuss and safeguard their democratic rights. Improve the organizational structure of the mission, the work of strengthening. Organize maintenance labor emulation and \Cup\on, enhance the skills of staff. Organized a variety of cultural activities, physical and mental health care staff, to create a harmonious atmosphere. During the Wenchuan earthquake, donated all the company employees, to love, to support the disaster areas. This year, the company has won the \n be controlled, money should not be wasted \osophy, management analysis, to improve management quality, improve cost control capacity and market competitiveness. Innovation of science and technology--science and technology innovation is to play the role of science and technology as the primary productive force, active use of new technologies, new materials, new processes, new equipment, increase investment in science and technology, strengthening scientific and technological training, speeding up transforming scientific and technological achievements, forming a number of proprietary technology, enhancing core competitivness. Resource-saving-the-resources saving enterprise was to reduce coal consumption, water consumption, electricity at the core, enhance the operation of lean management to realize low consumption, high efficiency, reduce production costs. Second is to strengthen the business, financial, material, information and the optimization of organization and management, saving the internal transaction costs. Harmonious development of harmonious development--is to construct a \onment for development. \curity firm and internal management of the internal management measures are effective, harmonious\\prise coordinating development of homeopathy, well, get along with the neighbors better.\prises building intrinsic safety power company goals are: unplanned outage 0 times. Class of disorders 0, 0 is equivalent forced outage rate. No personal injury accident, material and equipment accidents do not occur, no fire, no environmental pollution accident. Enterprise integrated to achieve zero cases of violation, zero accidents, zero. Quality goal is: when generating capacity ≥ 7.5