marketing strict internal cost control, business and innovation performance. --Increasing electricity access, price increase, electricity supply is guaranteed. In 2012, the company with coal inventory, get rewards of Jiangsu provincial government power to 266 million kWh. Through the \bilateral trade, access to electricity 1.695 billion kWh, seeking removal compensation when the power 50 million-kilowatt, 116% market share in Jiangsu Province ranked first in the same capacity, the same type units. Company closely tracked coal linkage policies on July 1 and August 20 respectively increase prices 2.08 minutes and 2.5 points, profitability increased significantly. 公... Job grading, remuneration of labour agreements into long-term contract workers compensation system, stimulating the enthusiasm of the staff. --Further strengthening of human resources management. Full implementation of the performance appraisal regulations, incentive effect. Complete the reserve cadre evaluation and selection, produced 10 primary reserve cadres and 11 secondary reserve cadres. Implementation of operation staff induction gang system, 14 staff posts be promoted. Strengthening the cultivation of professional technical leaders, selected coverage 9 13 factory-level professional and technical leaders. To enhance staff skills training, 8 staff technicians. Labor contract law compliance, contracts of up to 100%. --Star team-building to advance further. Establish a \ng system implementation, and promoting the whole\ding goals, strengthen group management. Team building into a performance review, promoting the construction of the star team depth. This year, respectively, 1 track, 4 team four star rated five-star by Datang and the team. Four, insists on \construction of\ous development, really good job of party construction and the independent Commission against corruption, strengthening the humanistic care and psychological counseling, the enterprise culture construction to a new level. --Building of enterprise culture is fruitful. Companies adhere to the Shenhua lead of corporate culture, culture of responsibility at the core, to safety culture, a culture of learning, ethical culture, cost culture culture system-assisted, through various cultural integration, has boosted business centre, this year has won the \nese cultural management advanced unit\he building of enterprise culture of reform and opening up 30\The liability of the company culture: solving management problems of corporate culture project was awarded the CEC national electric power enterprise culture achievement award of excellence. The accident early warning and prevention system was rated as China's power of innovation management, innovation management of electric power enterprise in Jiangsu Province. --Party and the independent Commission against corruption continues to strengthen. Was carried out to \还有一部分不能算有效送达或送达效力待定的邮件中，在退回的送达回单上，或者查询邮件跟踪单，写明是他人代收，但未注明代收人身份；目前对该类送达不能算有效送达。如果开庭时被送达人未到庭的，只能再行送达。
二、成因——送而难达
分析当前法院邮政专递送达中送而未达的成因，归根结底是送而难达，既有制度等客观性因素，也有送达人、受送达人等主观方面的因素。笔者将其归纳为以下方面：
1.从制度层面而言，邮政专递送达机制不够完善且效力过软 由于当前法律对于邮政专递送达缺乏系统的规定，当前邮政专递送达的效力与一般的邮政特快专递送达没有区别，留置送达制度缺失，邮政专递送达效力过软。最高人民法院颁布的《专递送达规定》中对于邮寄送达时当事人拒绝签收这一最常见的现象没有提供任何有效的办法和实质性的措施，不能从根本上解决法院邮政专递送达存在的问题。
2. 从当事人层面而言，缺乏诚信意识消极抵制诉讼
在民事诉讼中，对原告的送达一般不存在障碍。被告则出于对原告起诉的对抗心理，负气不接受送达，往往以隐匿、躲藏等方式怠于行使程序权利，意图逃避实体义务。特别是在当前市场经济条件下，人口的流动性很大，有的当事人为避债长期外出打工，杳无音信；有的当事人虽然没有外出，但不懂法，缺乏诚信意识，认为只要自己不接受人民法院的诉讼文书，人民法院也没有办法；还有的当事人出于种种原因向送达人员隐瞒自己的真实身份，藐视法律，或拖延诉讼，躲避法院的送达。
3.从法院层面而言，信息渠道不畅通且缺乏制裁措施
法院准确掌握被送达人的相关信息是进行有效送达的前提。目前存在送达难的问题主要是对被告、第三人及其他诉讼参加人的送达。因当前人口流动性很大，原告无法及时获得被告等的准确地址，基层组织也没能及时掌握外出打工人员和当地企业搬迁的信息。因此，导致法院对当事人的信息掌握渠道不畅通。另一方面，对于当事人多次投递未领及拒绝签收等情形，无须承担相应的送达后果，也无相应的送达制裁措施。
4.从邮政部门层面而言，主体地位缺失且送达程序不规范 当前实施邮政专递送达的部门是邮政部门，法律并没有赋予邮政部门送达人的地位，邮政部门并无法定的送达义务，法院邮政专递只能等同于普通特快专递信件的邮送，并不是严格意义上的民事诉讼送达。②既没有直接送达、转交送达、留置送达等相应的送达权利，也缺失相应的送达义务及规范的送达程序，更无法对其失职行为追究责任。
5.从协助机构层面而言，协助意识缺乏且机制不健全 在诉讼文书采用邮政专递送达过程中，同样需要被送达人所在地的基层组织及时协助，包括被送达人拒收的留置见证，被送达人外出打工提供信息或下落不明时出具证明，企业倒闭、歇业及搬迁新址等的信息。但是在审判实践中基层组织职能弱化，协助意识不强，许多基层组织由于多种原因对辖区内人员情况不清楚，人员流动的动态没有及时掌握，更没有及时将本辖区内的当事人信息反馈给公安机关及工商管理部门，更不愿协助邮政送达人员查找受送达人，也不愿留置见证。在相关的法律中，也没有规定相关基层组织和单位的配合义务以及相应的责任。
ecurity, profit, maintain stability and promote harmonious development\content of the %uarantees\ce activities and \party spirit, to conduct, for example\party and further improvement of the level of work. Staff participating in the honest and clean culture construction seminars, staff's sense of probity and enhanced. Founded by honest inspectors team composed of 12 employees to broaden the channels of supervision. Adhere to establish \ship activities, staff satisfaction rate of 98% to the team. --Group work dynamic. Promoting the openness of factory Affairs, proposal for a love letter box, to the vital interests of the staff Trade Union delegation leader meeting of the 26 system to discuss and safeguard their democratic rights. Improve the organizational structure of the mission, the work of strengthening. Organize maintenance labor emulation and \Cup\on, enhance the skills of staff. Organized a variety of cultural activities, physical and mental health care staff, to create a harmonious atmosphere. During the Wenchuan earthquake, donated all the company employees, to love, to support the disaster areas. This year, the company has won the \n be controlled, money should not be wasted \osophy, management analysis, to improve management quality, improve cost control capacity and market competitiveness. Innovation of science and technology--science and technology innovation is to play the role of science and technology as the primary productive force, active use of new technologies, new materials, new processes, new equipment, increase investment in science and technology, strengthening scientific and technological training, speeding up transforming scientific and technological achievements, forming a number of proprietary technology, enhancing core competitivness. Resource-saving-the-resources saving enterprise was to reduce coal consumption, water consumption, electricity at the core, enhance the operation of lean management to realize low consumption, high efficiency, reduce production costs. Second is to strengthen the business, financial, material, information and the optimization of organization and management, saving the internal transaction costs. Harmonious development of harmonious development--is to construct a \onment for development. \curity firm and internal management of the internal management measures are effective, harmonious\\prise coordinating development of homeopathy, well, get along with the neighbors better.\prises building intrinsic safety power company goals are: unplanned outage 0 times. Class of disorders 0, 0 is equivalent forced outage rate. No personal injury accident, material and equipment accidents do not occur, no fire, no environmental pollution accident. Enterprise integrated to achieve zero cases of violation, zero accidents, zero. Quality goal is: when generating capacity ≥ 7.5marketing strict internal cost control, business and innovation performance. --Increasing electricity access, price increase, electricity supply is guaranteed. In 2012, the company with coal inventory, get rewards of Jiangsu provincial government power to 266 million kWh. Through the \ and bilateral trade, access to electricity 1.695 billion kWh, seeking removal compensation when the power 50 million-kilowatt, 116% market share in Jiangsu Province ranked first in the same capacity, the same type units. Company closely tracked coal linkage policies on July 1 and August 20 respectively increase prices 2.08 minutes and 2.5 points, profitability increased significantly. 公... Job grading, remuneration of labour agreements into long-term contract workers compensation system, stimulating the enthusiasm of the staff. --Further strengthening of human resources management. Full implementation of the performance appraisal regulations, incentive effect. Complete the reserve cadre evaluation and selection, produced 10 primary reserve cadres and 11 secondary reserve cadres. Implementation of operation staff induction gang system, 14 staff posts be promoted. Strengthening the cultivation of professional technical leaders, selected coverage 9 13 factory-level professional and technical leaders. To enhance staff skills training, 8 staff technicians. Labor contract law compliance, contracts of up to 100%. --Star team-building to advance further. Establish a \ng system implementation, and promoting the whole\-building goals, strengthen group management. Team building into a performance review, promoting the construction of the star team depth. This year, respectively, 1 track, 4 team four star rated five-star by Datang and the team. Four, insists on \construction of\ous development, really good job of party construction and the independent Commission against corruption, strengthening the humanistic care and psychological counseling, the enterprise culture construction to a new level. --Building of enterprise culture is fruitful. Companies adhere to the Shenhua lead of corporate culture, culture of responsibility at the core, to safety culture, a culture of learning, ethical culture, cost culture culture system-assisted, through various cultural integration, has boosted business centre, this year has won the \nese cultural management advanced unit\he building of enterprise culture of reform and opening up 30\bility of the company culture: solving management problems of corporate culture project was awarded the CEC national electric power enterprise culture achievement award of excellence. The accident early warning and prevention system was rated as China's power of innovation management, innovation management of electric power enterprise in Jiangsu Province. --Party and the independent Commission against corruption continues to strengthen. Was carried out to \三、对策——一送即达
虽然现代通讯异常发达，许多人提出改革送达制度，通过电子邮件送达、网上公告送达、传真送达、短信送达等简便送达方式提高送达效率，但上述送达方式必须是在获得当事人具备电子邮箱、手机号码、传真号码等条件下才能实施，且其法律地位和效果尚无法确定。邮政专递送达仍将是当前法院民事诉讼中的主要送达方式，因此，从节约诉讼成本、提高诉讼效率的角度考虑，将邮政专递送达制度进行正当化改造是送达制度改革的切入点。
1. 确立邮政专递法律地位和效力
虽然最高人民法院与国家邮政总局分别发文规范法院专递业务，很多法院还与当地邮政机构签署了《法院专递送达协议》，就邮资标准、送达期限、回执交接、投递职责、违约责任等作出约定，但这种协议属于一种民事性质的合同，对诉讼当事人没有约束力。笔者认为有必要借鉴日本、德国等国家和我国台湾地区的经验，确立邮政部门的送达地位，法院在案件审理中可以直接适用邮寄送达方式，且邮政专递送达与法院直接送达等具有同等法律效力，赋予邮政专递送达有直接送达权、留置送达权、转交送达权及推定送达；同时规定交邮即为送达，确立邮政专递送达效力为一送即达。只要当事人提供的送达地址正确，送达程序规范，邮政专递一经送达，即使当事人未予签收，即视为送达。同时明确邮政专递送达程序和送达职责及违法送达的制裁机制。
2.确立邮政专递送达标准
“通知的理论根据是参与原则，如果被告不知道他已被起诉，则他无法参与诉讼。”③故送达制度的设计应当充分满足告知的目的。能够送到，并且让受送达人具体知道送达文书的根本内容应该就是有效送达，否则即为无效送达。
（1）明确送达地址确认原则
如何确定送达地址的问题是送达中最难解决的问题。笔者认为，送达地址的确认首先应遵循指定地址原则，即以受送达人自己所指定的地址为送达地址，如原告起诉时以原告或其代理人所填写的送达地址确认书中的地址作为送达地址；被告或第三人及其他诉讼参加人应诉时以他们自己所确认的送达地址为准。如受送达人对于自己的送达地址未予指定的，则遵循法定地址原则，即以当事人的法定住址或住所地作为送达地址。对于自然人，一般应以其户籍登记中的住所地或者经常居住地为送达地址；如外出打工或迁居外地，户籍尚未迁移的，但已办理暂住证的，则以暂住证登记住所地为送达地址；如其未及时向当地基层组织及户籍管理部门办理住所变更登记的，则仍以其户籍所在地作为送达地址。对于法人或者其他组织，一般应以其工商登记或者其他依法登记、备案中的住所地为送达地址。如搬离原登记住所地而未及时向登记机关办理变更登记的，则仍以原登记住所地作为送达地址。
（2）确立邮政专递送达标准
送达的标准，涉及到送达的法律效力，法院邮政专递送达也同样面临着一些效力待定的情况，法律应确立相应的邮政专递送达标准。具体可以分为直接送达标准、转交送达标准、留置送达标准、推定送达标准。
一是直接送达标准。在邮政专递送达中，较为普遍的是直接送达模式，即由邮政送达人员将诉讼文书直接送达给受送达人。对于受送达人是自然人的，一般由受送达人本人直接签收为标准；受送达人是无民事行为能力或者限制民事行为能力的自然人，由其法定代理人签收；受送达人是法人或者其他组织，由其法人
ecurity, profit, maintain stability and promote harmonious development\content of the %uarantees\ce activities and \party spirit, to conduct, for example\party and further improvement of the level of work. Staff participating in the honest and clean culture construction seminars, staff's sense of probity and enhanced. Founded by honest inspectors team composed of 12 employees to broaden the channels of supervision. Adhere to establish \ship activities, staff satisfaction rate of 98% to the team. --Group work dynamic. Promoting the openness of factory Affairs, proposal for a love letter box, to the vital interests of the staff Trade Union delegation leader meeting of the 26 system to discuss and safeguard their democratic rights. Improve the organizational structure of the mission, the work of strengthening. Organize maintenance labor emulation and \Cup\on, enhance the skills of staff. Organized a variety of cultural activities, physical and mental health care staff, to create a harmonious atmosphere. During the Wenchuan earthquake, donated all the company employees, to love, to support the disaster areas. This year, the company has won the \n be controlled, money should not be wasted \osophy, management analysis, to improve management quality, improve cost control capacity and market competitiveness. Innovation of science and technology--science and technology innovation is to play the role of science and technology as the primary productive force, active use of new technologies, new materials, new processes, new equipment, increase investment in science and technology, strengthening scientific and technological training, speeding up transforming scientific and technological achievements, forming a number of proprietary technology, enhancing core competitiveness. Resource-saving-the-resources saving enterprise was to reduce coal consumption, water consumption, electricity at the core, enhance the operation of lean management to realize low consumption, high efficiency, reduce production costs. Second is to strengthen the business, financial, material, information and the optimization of organization and management, saving the internal transaction costs. Harmonious development of harmonious development--is to construct a \onment for development. \curity firm and internal management of the internal management measures are effective, harmonious\\prise coordinating development of homeopathy, well, get along with the neighbors better.\prises building intrinsic safety power company goals are: unplanned outage 0 times. Class of disorders 0, 0 is quivalent forced outage rate. No personal injury accident, material and equipment accidents do not occur, no fire, no environmental pollution accident. Enterprise integrated to achieve zero cases of violation, zero accidents, zero. Quality goal is: when generating capacity ≥ 7.5 marketing strict internal cost control, business and innovation performance. --Increasing electricity access, price increase, electricity supply is guaranteed. In 2012, the company with coal inventory, get rewards of Jiangsu provincial government power to 266 million kWh. Through the \bilateral trade, access to electricity 1.695 billion kWh, seeking removal compensation when the power 50 million-kilowatt, 116% market share in Jiangsu Province ranked first in the same capacity, the same type units. Company closely tracked coal linkage policies on July 1 and August 20 respectively increase prices 2.08 minutes and 2.5 points, profitability increased significantly. 公... Job grading, remuneration of labour agreements into long-term contract workers compensation system, stimulating the enthusiasm of the staff. --Further strengthening of human resources management. Full implementation of the performance appraisal regulations, incentive effect. Complete the reserve cadre evaluation and selection, produced 10 primary reserve cadres and 11 secondary reserve cadres. Implementation of operation staff induction gang system, 14 staff posts be promoted. Strengthening the cultivation of professional technical leaders, selected coverage 9 13 factory-level professional and technical leaders. To enhance staff skills training, 8 staff technicians. Labor contract law compliance, contracts of up to 100%. --Star team-building to advance further. Establish a \ng system implementation, and promoting the whole\ding goals, strengthen group management. Team building into a performance review, promoting the construction of the star team depth. This year, respectively, 1 track, 4 team four star rated five-star by Datang and the team. Four, insists on \construction of\ous development, really good job of party construction and the independent Commission against corruption, strengthening the humanistic care and psychological counseling, the enterprise culture construction to a new level. --Building of enterprise culture is fruitful. Companies adhere to the Shenhua lead of corporate culture, culture of responsibility at the core, to safety culture, a culture of learning, ethical culture, cost culture culture system-assisted, through various cultural integration, has boosted business centre, this year has won the \nese cultural management advanced unit\he building of enterprise culture of reform and opening up 30\The liability of the company culture: solving management problems of corporate culture project was awarded the CEC national electric power enterprise culture achievement award of excellence. The accident early warning and prevention system was rated as China's power of innovation management, innovation management of electric power enterprise in Jiangsu Province. --Party and the independent Commission against corruption continues to strengthen. Was carried out to \的法定代表人、该组织的主要负责人或者办公室、收发室和值班室的工作人员签收。
二是转交送达标准。转交送达的对象一般是针对自然人。如邮政送达人员根据法院所确定的送达地址实行送达时，如受送达人本人不在，该住所中与受送达人同住的、具有信函签收认知能力的人，均属于合法的收件人；这些人员签收时，原则上无需证明其身份或其与受送达人的关系，但双方互为对方当事人的除外。其他未与受送达人同住但愿意代为签收法院专递的房东、邻居、亲朋好友或同事，也可以作为代收人。在后一种情况下，代收人原则上应出示其身份证明，并表明其与受送达人之间的关系。④如受送达人自己确认的送达地址为其工作场所的，其单位领导、同事、收发室人员等代为签收的，属于合法的转交送达。如自然人或法人及其他组织有委托代理人的，不论其代理权限为一般代理还是特别授权代理，代理人均为合法收件人。对于极个别的法人或其他组织也可适用转交送达，如由当地基层组织转交。
三是留置送达标准。只要邮政专递人员按照送达地址把诉讼文书留交受送达人即视为送达。留置送达可分为以下情形：第一种情形是受送达人收下诉讼文书但拒绝签收的，邮政专递送达人员在送达回证上注明受送达人已受领送达文书但拒绝签收的时间、地点等相关情况，同时拍摄当时送达的地点，即视为送达；如果有当地基层组织或邻居能够见证更好。第二种情形是受送达人不在送达地址所在地时，经送达人员催领通知后，受送达人到邮局领取时拒绝签收的，邮政送达人员在送达回证上注明受送达人拒领情况，即视为送达。如果受送达人是法人或其他组织的，其法定代表人、负责人或者办公室、收发室和值班室的工作人员拒绝签收的，邮政送达人员将所要送达的诉讼文书留置于送达场所，并在送达回证上注明送达时间、地点及拒绝签收的情况，同时拍摄当时送达的地点，即视为送达。
四是其他推定送达标准。除上述转交送达、留置送达中的推定送达外，在邮政专递送达中，还应规定其他情形可以合理推定送达的标准。如当事人选择了送达方式、确认了送达地点，本人迁徙而未报告法院的，以其选择的方式向其指定的地点送达，即视为送达；如受送达人系自然人，长期外出，但未将暂住地址告知其户籍所在地的基层组织或户籍管理部门的，则以该受送达人的户籍所在地作为送达确认地，如无人签收被退回的，视为送达；如受送达人为法人或其他组织，已搬离原经营地，但未向工商管理部门办理变更登记手续，则以其原工商登记备案中的住所地为送达地址，无人签收被退回的，视为送达。如受送达人不在送达场所，送达人员先将告知受领通知张贴于受送达人住所，由受送达人向邮局领取，如果经二次张贴催领通知后，仍未领取的，则在第三次直接将需要送达的诉讼文书直接张贴于受送达人住所地，并将张贴的告知受领通知、催领通知及文书张贴均拍摄存档，即为有效送达。
3.规范邮政专递送达程序
在赋予邮政部门送达地位及送达效力的同时，必须规范邮政专递送达程序。具体程序可设计如下：邮政送达人员应严格按照法院所填写的送达地址进行送达；如果在邮件上的送达地址以外的场所向受送达人送达时，必须查明受送达人身份或代收人身份及与受送达人关系后，再行送达，并说明送达时间、地点及送达情况。在投递时，应由受送达人或代收人出示相应证件核对后，在邮件详情单的指定位置清晰、工整地签名或者盖章（单位公章、邮件收发专用单）并填明收
ecurity, profit, maintain stability and promote harmonious development\content of the %uarantees\ce activities and \party spirit, to conduct, for example\party and further improvement of the level of work. Staff participating in the honest and clean culture construction seminars, staff's sense of probity and enhanced. Founded by honest inspectors team composed of 12 employees to broaden the channels of supervision. Adhere to establish \ship activities, staff satisfaction rate of 98% to the team. --Group work dynamic. Promoting the openness of factory Affairs, proposal for a love letter box, to the vital interests of the staff Trade Union delegation leader meeting of the 26 system to discuss and safeguard their democratic rights. Improve the organizational structure of the mission, the work of strengthening. Organize maintenance labor emulation and \Cup\on, enhance the skills of staff. Organized a variety of cultural activities, physical and mental health care staff, to create a harmonious atmosphere. During the Wenchuan earthquake, donated all the company employees, to love, to support the disaster areas. This year, the company has won the \n be controlled, money should not be wasted \osophy, management analysis, to improve management quality, improve cost control capacity and market competitiveness. Innovation of science and technology--science and technology innovation is to play the role of science and technology as the primary productive force, active use of new technologies, new materials, new processes, new equipment, increase investment in science and technology, strengthening scientific and technological training, speeding up transforming scientific and technological achievements, forming a number of proprietary technology, enhancing core competitivness. Resource-saving-the-resources saving enterprise was to reduce coal consumption, water consumption, electricity at the core, enhance the operation of lean management to realize low consumption, high efficiency, reduce production costs. Second is to strengthen the business, financial, material, information and the optimization of organization and management, saving the internal transaction costs. Harmonious development of harmonious development--is to construct a \onment for development. \curity firm and internal management of the internal management measures are effective, harmonious\\prise coordinating development of homeopathy, well, get along with the neighbors better.\prises building intrinsic safety power company goals are: unplanned outage 0 times. Class of disorders 0, 0 is equivalent forced outage rate. No personal injury accident, material and equipment accidents do not occur, no fire, no environmental pollution accident. Enterprise integrated to achieve zero cases of violation, zero accidents, zero. Quality goal is: when generating capacity ≥ 7.5marketing strict internal cost control, business and innovation performance. --Increasing electricity access, price increase, electricity supply is guaranteed. In 2012, the company with coal inventory, get rewards of Jiangsu provincial government power to 266 million kWh. Through the \ and bilateral trade, access to electricity 1.695 billion kWh, seeking removal compensation when the power 50 million-kilowatt, 116% market share in Jiangsu Province ranked first in the same capacity, the same type units. Company closely tracked coal linkage policies on July 1 and August 20 respectively increase prices 2.08 minutes and 2.5 points, profitability increased significantly. 公... Job grading, remuneration of labour agreements into long-term contract workers compensation system, stimulating the enthusiasm of the staff. --Further strengthening of human resources management. Full implementation of the performance appraisal regulations, incentive effect. Complete the reserve cadre evaluation and selection, produced 10 primary reserve cadres and 11 secondary reserve cadres. Implementation of operation staff induction gang system, 14 staff posts be promoted. Strengthening the cultivation of professional technical leaders, selected coverage 9 13 factory-level professional and technical leaders. To enhance staff skills training, 8 staff technicians. Labor contract law compliance, contracts of up to 100%. --Star team-building to advance further. Establish a \ng system implementation, and promoting the whole\-building goals, strengthen group management. Team building into a performance review, promoting the construction of the star team depth. This year, respectively, 1 track, 4 team four star rated five-star by Datang and the team. Four, insists on \construction of\ous development, really good job of party construction and the independent Commission against corruption, strengthening the humanistic care and psychological counseling, the enterprise culture construction to a new level. --Building of enterprise culture is fruitful. Companies adhere to the Shenhua lead of corporate culture, culture of responsibility at the core, to safety culture, a culture of learning, ethical culture, cost culture culture system-assisted, through various cultural integration, has boosted business centre, this year has won the \nese cultural management advanced unit\he building of enterprise culture of reform and opening up 30\bility of the company culture: solving management problems of corporate culture project was awarded the CEC national electric power enterprise culture achievement award of excellence. The accident early warning and prevention system was rated as China's power of innovation management, innovation management of electric power enterprise in Jiangsu Province. --Party and the independent Commission against corruption continues to strengthen. Was carried out to \件日期、具体时间。如送达后，投递员将详情单第一、二联（即回执联、名址联）撕下带回，在其背面加盖投递日戳及投递员名章，作为妥投法院专递邮件的凭证，并在规定期限内尽快将投递凭证退回法院。如遇受送达人不在送达场所，也无代收人的，则先在送达地张贴催领通知，告知在规定时间内到邮局领取；经二次张贴催领通知后仍无人签收的，则在第三次送达时，直接将相关诉讼文书张贴于送达地址，并将上述三次进行过程拍摄存档。如送达地址不明确无法送达的，或送达地址错误查无此人的，则将邮件退回法院，并说明送达情况及退回理由。
4.规范邮政专递送达职责
在我国司法实践中，送达是法院单方的职责和诉讼义务，诉讼中由此产生的不能送达的风险和诉讼拖延责任也由法院单方承担。尤其是对受送达人的恶意诉讼行为以及规避法律的行为缺乏法律制裁，是导致送达难的主要原因之一。故笔者认为应明确送达主体各方的责任，健全责任追究和制裁机制。
（1）法院职责
立案时，法院应审查原告所提交的起诉状中各方当事人的送达地址是否明确，是否有相关的身份证明或工商登记材料；在接收诉状时，要求原告填写各方当事人的送达地址确认书，如缺乏相关身份证明但属于必须由法院才能调取的，则应由原告申请法院调取或向法院申请调查令予以调取后才予立案。如原告坚持起诉的，可裁定不予受理或驳回起诉。
在对被告进行第一次送达时，必须要求原告准确提供被告的送达地址才可进行邮政专递送达；如被告到庭应诉的，则应要求被告填写送达地址确认书，若被告提供的送达地址和通讯方式不实或错误或变更而导致不能送达，其相应的法律后果由被告自己承担。若被告拒绝提供自己的送达地址，经人民法院告知后仍不提供的，视为其放弃享有程序通知权，自然人以其户籍登记中的住所地或者经常居住地为送达地址；法人或者其他组织以其工商登记或者其他依法登记、备案中的住所地为送达地址。对被告拒绝提供或者故意提供错误送达地址的，法院有权采取妨害民事诉讼的强制措施，以体现对恶意诉讼行为的惩戒。
对第三人及其他诉讼参加人实施送达时，如系第三人主动申请要求参加诉讼，经法院准许的，可适用原告所应承担的送达义务予以规制。如系原、被告申请追加的，则对其进行第一次送达时，由申请人提供受送达人的送达地址，如无法获得准确送达地址的，则不予追加，相应责任由申请方承担；第三人或其他诉讼参加人参加诉讼后，则要求第三人或其他诉讼参加人填写送达地址确认书，以后的送达可适用被告应承担的送达义务予以规制。如系法院主动追加的，则法院必须在查明其送达地址后才能予以追加，如无法送达的，追加无任何意义。
（2）邮政部门职责
强化邮政专递送达人员的职责是改造和完善我国邮政专递送达制度的基础和保证。邮政部门作为法院邮政专递的具体送达主体，其法定职责是严格遵循邮政专递送达程序和要求，及时、有效地向受送达人送达，并在送达时予以相应的告知，完成送达事宜后及时向法院反馈情况(回寄送达回证等)，提交相关资料。必要时可要求当地基层组织协助送达或提供相关信息及出具证明等。送达人员如拘私、渎职，不履行或者不正确履行法定职责，导致送达延误或送达不能，应承担相应的责任。⑤如送达程序不规范而导致无效送达的，则送达费用由邮政部门自行承担，并在规定期限内再行送达，如因此导致无法送达需要公告送达的，则公告费用也由邮政送达部门承担等等。
ecurity, profit, maintain stability and promote harmonious development\content of the %uarantees\ce activities and \party spirit, to conduct, for example\party and further improvement of the level of work. Staff participating in the honest and clean culture construction seminars, staff's sense of probity and enhanced. Founded by honest inspectors team composed of 12 employees to broaden the channels of supervision. Adhere to establish \ship activities, staff satisfaction rate of 98% to the team. --Group work dynamic. Promoting the openness of factory Affairs, proposal for a love letter box, to the vital interests of the staff Trade Union delegation leader meeting of the 26 system to discuss and safeguard their democratic rights. Improve the organizational structure of the mission, the work of strengthening. Organize maintenance labor emulation and \Cup\on, enhance the skills of staff. Organized a variety of cultural activities, physical and mental health care staff, to create a harmonious atmosphere. During the Wenchuan earthquake, donated all the company employees, to love, to support the disaster areas. This year, the company has won the \n be controlled, money should not be wasted \osophy, management analysis, to improve management quality, improve cost control capacity and market competitiveness. Innovation of science and technology--science and technology innovation is to play the role of science and technology as the primary productive force, active use of new technologies, new materials, new processes, new equipment, increase investment in science and technology, strengthening scientific and technological training, speeding up transforming scientific and technological achievements, forming a number of proprietary technology, enhancing core competitiveness. Resource-saving-the-resources saving enterprise was to reduce coal consumption, water consumption, electricity at the core, enhance the operation of lean management to realize low consumption, high efficiency, reduce production costs. Second is to strengthen the business, financial, material, information and the optimization of organization and management, saving the internal transaction costs. Harmonious development of harmonious development--is to construct a \onment for development. \curity firm and internal management of the internal management measures are effective, harmonious\\prise coordinating development of homeopathy, well, get along with the neighbors better.\prises building intrinsic safety power company goals are: unplanned outage 0 times. Class of disorders 0, 0 is quivalent forced outage rate. No personal injury accident, material and equipment accidents do not occur, no fire, no environmental pollution accident. Enterprise integrated to achieve zero cases of violation, zero accidents, zero. Quality goal is: when generating capacity ≥ 7.5 marketing strict internal cost control, business and innovation performance. --Increasing electricity access, price increase, electricity supply is guaranteed. In 2012, the company with coal inventory, get rewards of Jiangsu provincial government power to 266 million kWh. Through the \bilateral trade, access to electricity 1.695 billion kWh, seeking removal compensation when the power 50 million-kilowatt, 116% market share in Jiangsu Province ranked first in the same capacity, the same type units. Company closely tracked coal linkage policies on July 1 and August 20 respectively increase prices 2.08 minutes and 2.5 points, profitability increased significantly. 公... Job grading, remuneration of labour agreements into long-term contract workers compensation system, stimulating the enthusiasm of the staff. --Further strengthening of human resources management. Full implementation of the performance appraisal regulations, incentive effect. Complete the reserve cadre evaluation and selection, produced 10 primary reserve cadres and 11 secondary reserve cadres. Implementation of operation staff induction gang system, 14 staff posts be promoted. Strengthening the cultivation of professional technical leaders, selected coverage 9 13 factory-level professional and technical leaders. To enhance staff skills training, 8 staff technicians. Labor contract law compliance, contracts of up to 100%. --Star team-building to advance further. Establish a \ng system implementation, and promoting the whole\ding goals, strengthen group management. Team building into a performance review, promoting the construction of the star team depth. This year, respectively, 1 track, 4 team four star rated five-star by Datang and the team. Four, insists on \construction of\ous development, really good job of party construction and the independent Commission against corruption, strengthening the humanistic care and psychological counseling, the enterprise culture construction to a new level. --Building of enterprise culture is fruitful. Companies adhere to the Shenhua lead of corporate culture, culture of responsibility at the core, to safety culture, a culture of learning, ethical culture, cost culture culture system-assisted, through various cultural integration, has boosted business centre, this year has won the \nese cultural management advanced unit\he building of enterprise culture of reform and opening up 30\The liability of the company culture: solving management problems of corporate culture project was awarded the CEC national electric power enterprise culture achievement award of excellence. The accident early warning and prevention system was rated as China's power of innovation management, innovation management of electric power enterprise in Jiangsu Province. --Party and the independent Commission against corruption continues to strengthen. Was carried out to \（3）当事人职责
应明确作为民事诉讼的各方当事人在起诉和答辩时向人民法院提供或者确认自己准确的送达地址，是当事人遵守诉讼秩序、推进民事诉讼进程所应当承担的义务。
一是原告职责。原告起诉应当提供“明确的被告”，包括确切的送达地址，并应提交相关的身份证明资料。如在邮政专递送达时发生送达地址不明确、送达地址错误等情形而被退回时，邮政专递费用由原告承担，如原告无法提交准确送达地址的，则驳回起诉。如经邮政专递送达后获知被告下落不明须公告送达的，法院向原告释明可申请采用公告送达，如原告不申请公告送达的，则裁定驳回原告起诉。如原告无法获知被告的准确送达地址，而又无法自行调取的，可申请法院向有关部门调取。如原告不申请法院调取的，则裁定驳回起诉。法院在调取上述材料时所产生的费用由原告承担，包括向外地有关部门调查所产生的费用。
二是被告职责。在对被告进行第一次有效送达后，被告应向法院提供自己的送达地址和通讯方式，如提供的送达地址和通讯方式不实或错误或变更而导致不能送达，因此产生的邮政专递费用由其承担（可在判决书尾部关于诉讼费中予以列明），同时相应的法律后果由被告自己承担。如被告外出打工，未及时将暂时居住地告知法院，或向当地基层组织和户籍管理部门进行住所变更登记的，仍以其户籍所在地作为送达地址，并由其承担诉讼程序上甚至实体处理上的不利后果；若被告拒绝提供自己的送达地址，经人民法院告知后仍不提供的，视为放弃享有程序通知权。同时根据情节轻重可以依法采取罚款、拘留等司法强制措施，以增强司法送达的威慑力。对于企业负责人或收发人抗拒送达的，可视为送达，由企业承担不利后果；同样可以对企业负责人或收发人采取罚款、拘留等强制措施进行惩处。第三人及其他诉讼参加人的职责，可参照上述规定执行。
（4）协助机构职责
一是协助查询义务。如果原告无法准确提供被告或第三人的送达地址，向法院申请向公安机关或工商行政管理部门等查询时，公安部门或工商管理部门应履行协助义务，及时准确地提供当事人的登记或变更信息。特别是当事人的户籍所在地或工商登记住所地并非在法院所在辖区的，需要向当地的公安部门或登记住所地的工商部门查询核实的，笔者建议应建立科学合理的网上远程协助机制，在负有协助义务单位的网络系统中允许特定的机关如法院、公安、检察、海关、国家安全局等机关有权访问，针对不同的被协助单位设定相应的访问权限及口令等，如法院需要向某公安机关查询某自然人的户籍登记情况，可以直接在网上通过所设定的访问权限及口令直接进入公安机关的户籍查询系统进行查询。或者可以通过特定的协助单位的查询电话，并输入设定的单位代码及密码，确认身份后并将所要协助的材料通过传真的方式直接传至当地需要协助的单位，即可直接进行协助查询等。
二是协助送达义务。在邮政专递送达中，如经多次投递未能送达时，邮政专递人员可要求当地基层组织协助送达，当地基层组织应积极履行协助义务，包括协助代为送达、提供当事人的准确送达地址、当事人拒绝签收时的见证及下落不明时的证明等等，如不愿履行协助义务，可参照《民事诉讼法》的相关规定采取相应的罚款、拘留等司法强制制裁措施。
邮政专递送达制度涉及到多个部门、多个环节，必须进行改革和完善，赋予邮政专递送达的法律地位及其效力，规范专递送达程序，完善相关部门的司法协
ecurity, profit, maintain stability and promote harmonious development\content of the %uarantees\ce activities and \party spirit, to conduct, for example\party and further improvement of the level of work. Staff participating in the honest and clean culture construction seminars, staff's sense of probity and enhanced. Founded by honest inspectors team composed of 12 employees to broaden the channels of supervision. Adhere to establish \ship activities, staff satisfaction rate of 98% to the team. --Group work dynamic. Promoting the openness of factory Affairs, proposal for a love letter box, to the vital interests of the staff Trade Union delegation leader meeting of the 26 system to discuss and safeguard their democratic rights. Improve the organizational structure of the mission, the work of strengthening. Organize maintenance labor emulation and \Cup\on, enhance the skills of staff. Organized a variety of cultural activities, physical and mental health care staff, to create a harmonious atmosphere. During the Wenchuan earthquake, donated all the company employees, to love, to support the disaster areas. This year, the company has won the \n be controlled, money should not be wasted \osophy, management analysis, to improve management quality, improve cost control capacity and market competitiveness. Innovation of science and technology--science and technology innovation is to play the role of science and technology as the primary productive force, active use of new technologies, new materials, new processes, new equipment, increase investment in science and technology, strengthening scientific and technological training, speeding up transforming scientific and technological achievements, forming a number of proprietary technology, enhancing core competitivness. Resource-saving-the-resources saving enterprise was to reduce coal consumption, water consumption, electricity at the core, enhance the operation of lean management to realize low consumption, high efficiency, reduce production costs. Second is to strengthen the business, financial, material, information and the optimization of organization and management, saving the internal transaction costs. Harmonious development of harmonious development--is to construct a \onment for development. \curity firm and internal management of the internal management measures are effective, harmonious\\prise coordinating development of homeopathy, well, get along with the neighbors better.\prises building intrinsic safety power company goals are: unplanned outage 0 times. Class of disorders 0, 0 is equivalent forced outage rate. No personal injury accident, material and equipment accidents do not occur, no fire, no environmental pollution accident. Enterprise integrated to achieve zero cases of violation, zero accidents, zero. Quality goal is: when generating capacity ≥ 7.5