说明：常常可以见到用like代替as的句子，尽管有人认为这种用法不妥当。
They are throwing packets of food to us like we are dogs. — New York Times 但TOEFL考试仍不予认可，请看下面的TOEFL改错句。
After their work at the factory, the prisoners went back to their cells, (× like) as they were ordered.
2) (in) the way (that) “以?的方式” (in) the way (that)的用法 在非正式英语中，人们常用the way替代as。 这是从较为正式的in the way that简化而来的。
She's doing her work the way I like it done.
Things developed just the way we had thought they would. 事情的发展按照我们预想的方式进行。 3) as if“好像，仿佛”，as though“好像，仿佛” ① 口语中较多使用as if，虽然as though比较正式，但两者常可通用。从句常用虚拟结构。
The old man runs very fast as if he were a young man. 老人跑得很快，简直像个年轻人。 He acts as though she did not exist.
He behaved as if nothing had happened. ② 若从句中所陈述的情况很可能是事实，也可用陈述语气。
The milk smells as if it is sour. It looks as if it's going to rain.
说明：从句与主句主语相同时，常可在as if后省去主语部分，直接接不定式、动名词或分词及 介词短语或形容词。
9. 比较状语从句
比较状语从句也是一种方式状语，主要由下列引导词引导： than; the +比较级，the +比较级；“as +句子，so +句子”； “A is to B what C is to D\； while, whereas, however, nevertheless
1) than “比”，表示比较的最普通用法 than的用法
than引导的比较状语从句，通常只突出比较对象。因此than 后往往是一个不完整的句子、 名词或代词、短语等。
I can walk faster than you can run. She is younger than she looks. I know you better than he does.
My English is no better than yours.我的英语和你的英语都不 怎么样。 I have a good memory so I learn more quickly than others. 我记忆力很好，因此学起来比别人快。 2) the more ... the more“越?就越?”表比较 the more表比较的用法
① \比较级，the +比较级\意为“越?就越?”，用于表示两个变化是按比例同时递进的(a-b)。不可把more与其修饰的形容词或名词分开(c-d)。
a) The wore we can do for you, the happier we'll be. b) The harder you study, the more you will learn.
c) The computer is an extension of our minds, and the more we use it. the more useful it becomes.
d) The more pages you read, the harder it is to shut the book.
② 该句型也可以用于成反比的比喻句。在意思十分明确时，主语和谓语都可以省略。
The more a man knows, the less he knows he knows. 一个人知道的东西越多，他就越觉得自己知道的东西如此少。 The more haste, the less speed. 欲速则不达。 The nearer the dawn, the darker the night. 3)“(just) as +句子，so +句子”“正如...样，?也同样” 用法说明
①该句型的谓语动词通常是行为动词，(just) as引导的是状语从句，so引导的是主句，so可 以省略。
As bees love sweetness, so flies love rottenness. 蜜蜂爱甜蜜，苍蝇喜腐食。 Just as some people are born artists, so some are born sportsmen. 正如有些人是天生的艺术家，有些则天生是个运 动员。 so主句中的谓语既可以倒装，也可以不用倒装形式。
As a man sows, so shall he reap. 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆 As a man sows, so he shall reap.
4)“A对于B就像C对于D”表示比较的几种表达
① A is to B as C is to D. ② As C is to D, so A is to B. ③ A is to B what C is to D ④ A to B is what C is to D
⑤ What C is to D, that A is to B
此结构仅用于谓语动词是be的情况。为了更形象更深刻地说明事理，我们常用熟悉的比喻不熟悉的，用具体的比喻抽象的。这个打比喻的句型中，由as或 what引导的比较状语从句C和D是人们熟知的内容，即喻体。主句A和B是作者要让大家了解的，即主体。 用法说明
由as引导的①②表达式： 空气对于人的重要为大家熟知，须知水对于鱼也同样重要。
① Water is to fish as air is to man.
② Just as/As air is to man, so water is to fish. 水对于鱼如同空气对于人一样。 由what引导的③④⑤表达式：
食物对于人的重要性为大家熟知，须知用阅读武装我们的头脑也同样重要。
③ Reading is to mind what food is to the body. ④ Reading to mind is what food is to the body.
⑤ What food is to the body, that reading is to mind. 阅读之于头脑如同食物之于身体。 5) while“而”，whereas“然而”和 however“然而”，nevertheless“然而”用于表示对比。 while, whereas 的用法
while与whereas意为“然而”， 引导并列句，常用于前后对比，有让步的含义。
Tom is very outgoing while Ken is shy and quiet.
They want a house, whereas we would rather live in a flat. 他们想要一幢别墅，而我们宁愿住在一套公寓里。 however, nevertheless 的用法
However, nevertheless 意为“然而”，是连接副词，用于引出形成对比的话语，有让步的含义。注意正确使用标点符号。
I’d like to go with you. However, my hands are full.
I enjoy living in the city; however, the cost of living is quite high. The news may be unexpected; nevertheless, it is true.
10. 状语从句的缩略形式
状语从句像定语从句一样也有缩略形式。当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，表时间、原因、条件、让步或方式等的状语从句常可用这种简洁的缩略形式表示。 1）从句谓语是行为动词的主动式，缩略为“从属连词+现在分词” ① 缩略时间状语从句由when, while, after, before, since引导。 从属连词+现在分词 + “,” + 主句
When standing in line, I always talk with someone to pass the time. After taking his final exam, Paul celebrated with his friends. Since coming back to town, he has seen all his old friends. 说明:在缩略时间状语从句中，有时可以用“on”或“upon”代替“when” ：
When we entered the house, we took off our shoes. =Upon/On entering the house, we took off our shoes.
② 缩略原因状语省略连词because, as, since,直接用现在分词。 省略从属连词直接用现在分词 + 主句
Forgetting his password，Sam was unable to use the bank machine. Having extra work to do, Tom stayed late at work. Not having slept much, Sue was tired most of the day. ③ 缩略条件状语从句，由if, unless, whether引导。
表条件的“从属连词+现在分词'' 可以置于句首或主句之后
If working hard, even a cowboy can be a president. A person will never grow unless making great effort. Fox always got great ideas whether making a film or putting on a play. ④ 缩略让步状语从句，由though, although引导。 从属连词+现在分词 + 主句
Though having a lot of money, he didn't have many friends. Although working very hard, he failed to turn in his research paper on time. 2）从句谓语是行为动词的被动式，缩略为“从属连词+过去分词” ① 缩略时间状语从句，由when，whenever, once, until引导。 表时间的“从厲连词+过去分词^'可以置于句首或主句之后
Once purchased, the swimsuits cannot be returned. He is presumed innocent until proven guilty.在证明有罪之前，会先假设他是无罪的? ② 缩略条件状语从句，由if，unless, whether引导。
表条件的“从属连词+过去分词”可以置于句首或主句之后
If not completely satisfied, you can return the product to the manufacturer. The medicine is not effective unless taken as directed. ③ 缩略让步状语从句，由although, though引导。 从属连词+过去分词 + 主句
Though located near the coast, the town does not get much of an ocean breeze, Although beaten in the match, the players were not discouraged. ④ 缩略地点状语从句，由where，wherever引导。
主句 + 从属连词+过去分词
Is water supply adequate in areas where needed? ⑤ 缩略方式状语从句，由as引导。
从属连词+过去分词 + 主句
As mentioned above, the function of the device is wonderful. 3）从句谓语由“he动词+名词/形容词/副词/介词短语”构成，可缩略为“从属连词+名词/形容词/副词/介词短语”形式。 ① 从属连词+名词
Even as a girl, she showed great promise as a pianist.
Though an ordinary worker, he has made some important inventions. ② 从属连词+形容词
If necessary, ring me at once.
When young, I looked at such things quite differently. ③ 从属连词+副词
Things were beginning to improve even if not quickly enough. Once home, he took off his straw hat. ④ 从属连词+介词短语
He had an accident while on his way home. He looked about as if in search of something. 请看下列常见的缩略表达法：
when alone当一个人独处的时候 even in great adversity 即使身处逆境 if possible如果有可能
though still young尽管年纪还小
历年高考真题精选
1. _______ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differencesfrom one aspect.
A. What B.That C. This D. Which 【沪】 2. ____ made the school proud was ____ more than 90% of the students had beenadmitted to key universities. A. What； because B. What； that C. That； what D. That； because 【沪】 3.It is obvious to the students ____ they should get well prepared for their future. A. as B. which C. whether D. that 【津】 4.It is not immediately clear ____ the financial crisis will soon be over. A. since B. what C. when D. whether 【沪】
5.It is pretty well understood ____ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out theatmosphere today.
A. that B. when C. what D. how 【沪】
6.It has been proved ____ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. A. if B. because C. when D. that 【沪】
7. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster____ he had done the day before.
A. that B. how C. where D. what 【沪】
8.At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see ____ it got any better.
A. when B. how C. why D. if 【京】
9.We cannot figure out ______ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out. A. that B. as C. why D. when 【京】 10.As soon as he comes back, I'll tell him when ____ and see him. A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come 【京】 11.Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ____ .
A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 【沪】 12.People in Chongqing are proud of ____ they have achieved in the past ten years.
A. that B. which C. what D. how 【偷】
13.As a new diplomat, he often thinks of ____ he can react more appropriately onsuch occasions. A. what B. which C. that D. how 【沪】
14.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ____ one can be entirely free from
dust. A. what B. that C. whether D. why 【京】 15. The last time we had great fun was ____ we were visiting the Water Park. A. where B. how C. when D. why 【津】
16.What the doctors really doubt is ____ my mother will recover from the seriousdisease soon. A. when B. how C. whether D. why 【沪】
17.The thought of going back home was ____ kept him happy while he was workingabroad. A. that B. all that C. all what D. which 【沪】
18.Greenland, ____ island in the world, covers over two million square kilometers. A. it is the largest B. that is the largest
C. is the largest D. the largest 【沪】
19.News came from the school office ____ Wang Lin had been admitted to BeijingUniversity. A. which B. what C. that D. where 【川】
20.Tomorrow is Tom's birthday. Have you got any idea ____ the party is to be held? A. what B. which - C. that D. where 【陕】
21.Do you still remember the chicken farm ____ we visited three months ago? A. where B. when C. that C. what 【足】
22.I live next door to a couple ____ children often make a lot of noise. A. whose B. why C. where D. which 【京】
23.Perseverance is a kind of quality — and that's ____ it takes to do anything well. A. what B. that C. which D. why 【沪】 24.\“There is no one else ______, is there?” A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn 【足】
25.The home improvements have taken what little there is ____ my spare time. A. from B. in C. of D. at 【足】
26. ____ has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month. A. That B. As C. It D. What 【沪】