The boy is praised by people wherever he goes. ② anywhere意为“任何地方”，含义与wherever相近。
You can go anywhere you want.
You can sit anywhere you like in the classroom.
③ everywhere意为“到处”，含义与wherever相近。
They were warmly received everywhere they went.
Everywhere she went, she was introduced as the current tennis champion. 说明：where从句修饰动词为状语从句，where从句修饰名词为定语从句。
We’ll go where working conditions are difficult. ( where 从句修饰动词 go)
We’ll go to the place where conditions are difficult. (where 从句修饰名词 place)
4. 条件状语从句
有前提或条件的从句叫条件状语从句，主要由下列引导词引导:
if; unless ( = if ... not) ; on (the) condition that, provided/providing (that) , as/ so long as; as/so far as; supposing that, what if, in case; given that; when, where, while 等 1) if意为“如果”，用于最常见的条件句中，可置于句首或句中。 if的用法
① 主句用一般现在时称为零条件。表示此事在特定情况下经常发生或总是正确。
If you water a plant, it grows. If you heat butter, it melts.
If I eat too much, I don't feel well.
② 主句用将来时或情态动词can, may, must表示如果发生某事，就会导致另一件事发生。从句用现在时态。（主将从现）
You will surely succeed if you work hard.
If the museum charges for entry, many people wont be able to visit it. If the traffic lights are red, a driver must pull up.
③ 主句用一般将来时，从句用现在完成时，表示到将来某个时刻已经完成。
If I have finished reading this book, I will boil coffee for you.
If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we will visit the museum. ④ 主句用祈使句，表示说话人的请求或建议。
If you need to make a decision, consider it carefully. If we wish for peace, be prepared for war. ⑤ 主句用将来时，从句用“if ... should”，表示不确定或表示这种情况出现的可能性不大。
If I should see Tony, I’ll tell him about it.
If he should fail, we would encourage him to try again. ⑥ 从句用“only if”强调使某事实现的唯一条件(a-b)。 only与if也可分开(c)。 only if置句首主句倒装(d)。
a) You can make progress only if you are modest. b) He would succeed only if he tried hard. c) I will only stay if he wants me.
d) Only if you try hard can you make progress. 说明：从句用“if you will ”表示意志或礼貌的请求和劝阻等，不表示将来。 2) unless意为“除非”，表示否定的条件，可置于句首或句中。 unless的用法 ① 主句用否定式或带有否定意义的词，常用于表示使某事实现的唯一条件，也表示警告或威胁，有加强语气的作用，常译为“除非?否则就不?”。
I'll not go to the party unless he goes there too. You can't succeed unless you work hard.
Your car won't run smoothly unless you oil it regularly. You’ll never succeed unless you try hard.
② 主句和从句都用肯定句，表示如果从句情况不发生，主句的事情就能实现。常译为“如果不?就会?”
You will fail in English unless you work harder. You will miss the bus unless you hurry up.
We are going to have a picnic unless it rains tomorrow. ③ unless作“如果不”解时，常可用 if...not 改写。
He'll accept the job unless the salary's too low. He'll accept the job if the salary's not too low. 说明：① 在否定的虚拟条件句或疑问句中，if not不能用unless替代。例如：
You'd be happier if you didn't have such high expectations. If it hadn't been for my friends, I wouldn't have got the job. ② 主句为疑问句，或主句表达情感时,if...no不能用unless替代。例如：
What time shall we leave for the theatre if he doesn't turn up? If you don't pass the test, what will you do? I’ll be surprised if you don't win.
3)下列短语用于表示使某事成为现实的必要条件。
on (the) condition that“以为?条件”；provided/providing ( that) “ 如果?的话；只 要”；as/so long as“ 只要” on condition that 的用法
此短语含义为“在?条件下”，指坚持要实现某个条件才可以做某事， 常位于主句之后，可译为“若是?”。
You may go swimming on condition that you don't swim too far away from the river bank. We'll let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy. provided/providing 的用法
此短语含义为“如果，只要”，指只有在满足指定条件下才可以做某事，that常可省略，可置于句首或句中(a-b)。有时可用于引导非真实条件句(c)。
a) Sure you can borrow my car providing (that) you get it back before ten. b) We’ll visit Europe next year provided we have enough money.
c) Providing that the new technique should be used, the output will be greatly increased. as/so long as 的用法 ① 含义为“只要”，要求后接延续性动词或be动词，可置于句首或主句之后。若接非延续性动词，则用only if。
As long as you keep on trying, you will surely succeed.
We can surely overcome these difficulties so long as we are closely united.
② 只能用于希望使某事成为现实的必要的条件，例(a)错误。不能用于表示过去的虚拟结构中， 例(b)错误。
×As long as you fail next time, you will be punished. ×We would have had the party as long as they had well prepared.
4)“就?而言；在?的范围内”等几个表示条件的连词 ① as/so far as... be concerned就?而言
As far as the learning of language is concerned, constant practice is of first importance. 就学习语言而言，不断的练习是最重要的。
No one can match us so far as quality is concerned.就质量而言，没有人能和我们相比。 ② as/so far as... go就?而论，就?而言
So far as my knowledge goes, there is no such word in English. 据我所知，没有这样的英文单词.
As far as homework goes, it is a piece of cake for him. 就作业而言，对他来说是小菜一碟。 ③ as/so far as... know 据?所知
As far as I know, he will be away for three weeks. 据我所知，他将离开3个星期。 As far as we know, the earth is the only planet with life on it. 就我们所知，地球是唯一有生命的行星。
④ as/so far as... can remember/see 据?所记忆/依?看来
As far as lean renwmber, the service there is superb.我记得，那儿 的服务是一流的。 As far as I can see, you have done nothing wrong.依我看，你没有 做错什么。
5)下列短语表示假设的条件，有设想的含义。
suppose (that) “假如” supposing (that) “假如” assuming (that) “假如” presuming (that) “假如” what if“如果?将会怎样” in case“如果，万一” ① suppose含义为“设想”，祈使语气，引导真实条件句; supposing是分词式。that可省。
Suppose I don't have a day off, what shall we do?
Supposing that you fail, don't lose heart, but try again.
② assuming/presuming (that)意思与supposing相似，只有现在分词形式，语气较正式。
Assuming it rains tomorrow, what shall we do?
Presuming that she is innocent, she must be set free. ③ what if意为“如果?怎么办”， what if = what will be the result if .
What if the money doesn't arrive on time?
What if we couldn't get the preparation done in time? ④ in case意为“如果，万一”，引导条件句，置于句首，并用逗号与主句分开(a-b)。意为“以防”，表目的，须置于主句之后，中间不用逗号(c)。
a) In case the house burns down, we'll get the insurance money. b) In case I forget, please remind me of my promise. c) Take a map in case we get lost.
6) given that +句子/given +短语，意为“假定”，常用于假设。 ①“given that +句子”，表示假设、假定，含义为“倘若，考虑到，已知”。此类表达常用于正式论证。
Given that she is interested in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her. i Given that he has tried his best，you shouldn't blame him for the failure. ②“given +短语”，意为“考虑到”， 短语中的given是个介词。
Given his age, he is really a fast learner.
Given the circumstances, you've done an excellent job.
7) when, while, where表示条件，意为“如果，只要” when, while, where 的用法
when, while, where 虽然经常用作表示时间和地点的从属连词，但有时在句子中具有条件的含义：
when意为“如果，只要;考虑到”。(a-b) while意为“只要”。(c-d) where意为“如果，只要”。 (e-f) a) When you are puzzled, stop to think.
b) There is nothing we cannot do when we set our minds on it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。 c) While there is life, there is hope.
d) I shall continue working while my health is good. 只要我身体健康，就继续工作。
e) Where we cannot invent, we may at least improve.如不能有所发明，我们至少可以有所改进。
f) Where there is a will, there is a way.
8）以下两个句型与条件状语从句形成同义结构: 句型（1）前半部分相当于if条件句，可用动词或名词开头; 后半部分的常用一般将来时，有时也用现在时。用or引导时，前半部分是肯定式，可译成否定的条件句;前半部分是否定式，可译成肯定的条件句。
句型1: 祈使句/名词词组(,) + and/then/or +简单句（常用将来时)
Give me somewhere to stand, and I will move the earth. （如果）给我一个支点，我便能掀动地球。
One more effort, and you'll succeed. 再努力一下你就能成功。 Use your head, then you'll find a way. 动动脑子你就能找到办法。 Have an aim in your life, or your energies will be wasted. 人生若没有目标，一切努力都将徒劳。
Don't be late again, or you'll be criticized. 如果再迟到，你就要受批评了。
句型（2）前半部分 “Can't...”（相当于否定的if条件句）可译作肯定意义，后半部分“and ...”中的动词要译成否定或反义。
句型2:（否定转移型）can't? and ...
You can't study hard and fail in the exam. 如果你努力学习，就不会考不及格。 You can't sell the cow and drink the milk.
如果你把这头奶牛卖了，你就再也喝不上它产的牛奶了。 You can't eat you cake and have it. 如果你把蛋糕吃了，手里就没有蛋糕了。（事无双全）
5. 让步状语从句
让步状语从句用于表示主句的情景与从句所说的情况产生的情景相反，但主句中的情况依然出现或实现。主要有下列引导词引导:
although; while; if; granted/granting(that); even though, even if; whether ... (or not); “疑问词 + ever”构成的复合词或“no matter+ wh-”; nevertheless 1) although/though 意为“虽然，尽管”
although/though 的用法
① 从属连词although/though引导让步状语从句，将前后两件事情进行对照，使主句所说的情况显得令人意外。注意句中不能再使用并列连词but。
Although I didn't know anybody at the party, I had a good time. Though there is air all around us, we can't see it.
Although there was a snowstorm, all the trains were on time.
② although/though可与副词yet, still, nevertheless连用，它可使前后关系更明确，但TOEFL考试认为不妥。
Although he is poor, yet he is quite honest.
Though the pain was sharp, still he didn't complain.
Though it was a long and dangerous journey; nevertheless, we enjoyed it very much. ③ 在非正式英语中，though可表示“然而，不过(=however) ”，且置于句末，并用逗号与句子分开。
It's very cold outside. It's nice and warm in here, though. 外面很冷，然而这里舒适又暖和。 I do have a problem, though.不过，我的确有一个问题。 说明： ① though可用于倒装结构中，意为“虽然”。
② 介词in spite of, despite与although有同样的含义，但不能接句子。
In spite of /Despite falling midway through the race, she won.
All the people on the ship were in safety in spite of/despite the storm. 2) while意为“虽然，尽管” while的用法
① 从属连词while引导让步状语从句时多放句首，意为“虽然，尽管”，从句和主句主语多为同一人或同一物。
While I admit that the problems are difficult, I don't agree that they cannot be solved. While forbidden fruit is said to taste sweeter, it usually spoils faster. While I know he is not perfect, I do like him.
② while用于前后对照，说明两种情况相反，有“然而，但是”的含义，它引导的从句常置于主句之后。
Tom is outgoing, while Ken is shy and quite.
Jim has dark hair, while his brother has light hair.
Most boy students prefer to play football, while a lot of girls love badminton. 3) if“尽管，即使” if的用法
if意为“尽管，即使”，连接让步状语从句。表示与主句中的事实相比，从句提出的是一个次要的事实。
If a jewel falls into the mud, it remains as precious as before. 即使宝石落到泥里，它仍然一样珍贵。
If there was any disappointment it was probably temporary. 即使有点儿失望，没准也是暂时的。 4) granted/granting (that) “即使，就算 granted/granting (that)的用法 [grɑ:nt?d] granted/granting (that)意为“即使，就算”，形式不同，但含义相同，是从属连词，引起下文转折，不能看作分词。
Granted that you have made some progress, you should not be conceited.