wished to declare independence from the oil companies could go down another route. The advantage of esters is that they substitute directly for petroleum-based diesel fuel. But, with a bit of modification, many diesel engines will run on unesterified vegetable oil, too.
就算当局禁止私人生产生物酯，这些狂热分子仍然有别的出路。生物酯的优点是它们可以直接替代普通柴油，不过，严格的说，许多柴油机也可以燃烧未酯化的食用油。
The main reason raw vegetable oils do not normally work in diesel engines is that they are more viscous than standard diesel oil, and thus clog the engine’s fuel-delivery system. Heat them, and that problem goes away—at least in older engines (modern, “common-rail” motors, with high-tech fuel-injection systems, are less forgiving).
食用油一般情况下不能用于柴油机的主要原因是，它们比一般的柴油要粘，会阻碍发动机的燃料传输系统。加热后这个问题就没有了——至少可以用于老式的发动机（现代的“共管”发动机，拥有高技术的喷射燃料系统不太行得通）。
A common way of converting a vehicle to run on unprocessed vegetable oil is therefore to fit it with two fuel tanks. A small one filled with
petroleum-based diesel keeps the engine running until the car’s radiator has heated up. At that point water is diverted from the radiator into pipes that run through a larger tank filled with vegetable oil. Once this is nicely warm and runny, the driver flicks a switch and the engine starts burning the vegetable oil.
使一辆车燃烧未经加工的食用油的一般方法是，给它装两个燃料槽。小的一个装满普通柴油，让发动机工作直到汽车的加热器开始加热。这时，加热器里的水会通过管道流入大燃料槽的周围，大燃料槽中装满菜油。一旦这些食用油的温度足够高，足够顺滑，司机就拨动一个按钮，发动机就可以燃烧食用油了。
Last year John Shepley, a member of the Baltimore co-operative, converted his 12-year-old sports-utility vehicle to work this way. That cost him about $1,500. But prices are falling as such conversions become more popular. An Oilybits conversion kit costs about $315.
去年巴尔的摩生物柴油合作社的John Shepley，让他12岁的越野车这样工作，花了他1500美元。不过，随着转化器的普及，食用油做燃料的成本也在下降。一个Oilybits公司的转化器售价315美元。
To Greece on grease
一路到希腊
Once the conversion is made, the world is your oyster. In August 2008, for example, eight teams set out on a car rally from London. Their intention was to drive across Europe fuelled only by oil scavenged from restaurants. All made it to Athens, the destination, without buying fuel.
转化器一旦做成，到世界哪里都不愁，2008年8月，8个团队举行了一个汽车游行会，他们从伦敦出发，主要目的是穿越欧洲大陆而只使用餐馆的废弃用油。目的地是雅典，一路上不买任何的燃料。
Even now, three years later, getting waste oil free is still easy, according to Andy Pag, the rally’s organiser. He has driven more than 30,000km on vegetable oil, in countries as far afield as Mauritania, without once paying for the stuff. There are wrinkles, of course. In place of the screen used by Mr Ferlow, Mr Pag carries a centrifuge (solar powered, naturally) around with him. Before filling up, he puts the oil he has scrounged through this. Food particles and water are spun off as a creamy gunk that he removes with a rag. It takes him about half an hour to purify a tank’s worth of fuel in this way. The chief difficulty, he claims, is keeping his clothes clean.
游行的组织者Andy Pag说，直到三年后的今天，还是很容易获得餐馆的废弃用油。他用食用油跑了30000公里，到达了毛里塔尼亚这样偏远的国家，没有花一分钱买汽油。当然也有麻烦之处。与Ferlow使用筛子不同，Pag带了一个离心分离机（太阳能的），在填满汽油缸之前，他把他辛苦收集的油倒到这个里面。他用一块碎步将食物残渣和水从油里面分离出来。大约要花半个小时才能净化一缸油。他最大的麻烦在与，不把衣服弄脏。
That, though, is a small price to pay for the warm, virtuous glow which comes from converting waste into motive power. It is cheap, environmentally friendly and, according to Mr Ferlow, even the exhaust gases smell sweeter.
这种方式，花费的成本很小，就可以获得清洁的、纯度高的燃料，变废为宝。便宜、环保，而且据Ferlow说，就连这种废气闻起来也很香。
【导读】
建校101年的哈佛商学院(Harvard Business School，简称，HBS)是美国培养企业人才的最著名的学府，被美国人称为是商人、主管、总经理的西点军校，美国许多大企业家和政治家都在这里学习过。学院原有的案例教学法（case method）力图把学生置于一个实际经营者的
立场上，从实战的环境出发，来学习什么是经营和如何经营。它的精髓不在于让学生强记内容，而是迫使他们开动脑筋，苦苦思考。而哈佛商学院现已投入了大量资金推行实战教学法（field method），让学生们在实际工作中学习。这项新的课程改革是否能与已有教学法相辅相成，得到令人满意的收效呢？ Business education 商业教育 Field of dreams 梦幻成真
Harvard Business School reinvents its MBA course 哈佛商学院改革工商管理学课程
Dec 3rd 2011 | BOSTON | from the print edition FIELD-tested
（检验）FIELD方法（试水）
YOUNG mums shopping in the Copley Mall in downtown Boston last month found themselves being questioned about their use of soap by students from Harvard Business School. The students were not doing odd jobs to earn beer money. They were preparing to help a firm in Brazil launch an antibacterial cleanser.
上个月在波士顿的科普利商场里，一些哈佛商学院的学生对当时正在购物的年轻妈妈们使用肥皂的情况进行了调查。这些学生不是为了挣些酒钱去打打零工，而是在帮助一家巴西公司推出一款抗菌清洁剂。