分。如:
① Einstein was famous as a great scientist. 爱因斯坦以一位伟大的科学家著称。
② The actor is more famous as a writer. 那位演员的作家身份较为有名。 ③ Wang Junxia is famous as a good runner. 王军霞是一位很著名的长跑运动员。
★be known as意为“以……知名”“以……出名”“被认为是”，known为形容词。如:
① He is well known as a pianist. 他是一位著名的钢琴家。 ② He is known as a writer rather than a poet. 他是作为一名作家，而不是作为一名诗人而闻名。
★be known for意为“闻名”“以……而众所周知”，known相当于famous。如: ① Switzerland is known for its mountains. 瑞士以它的山而闻名。
② He is known for his readiness to help others. 大家都知道他总是乐于帮助别人。
③ China is well known for the Great Wall. 中国以万里长城而闻名。 ★be known to意为“为……所知”，to后接某人。如: ① He is known to every one of us. 我们每人都知道他。 ② It?s known to all that they do an important and necessary job. 大家都知道他们做的是重要的并且是必要的工作。
③ He is known to everyone as a good actor. 人人都知道他是一位出色的演员。 【注】well-known是复合形容词，相当于famous，在句中只能作定语，而famous
可作定语也可作表语。当well修饰作表语的known时，两词不能连写，well不能用来修饰famous。如:
① He is a well-known singer. 他是一名著名的歌唱家。 20. natural一词的用法
★natural用作形容词，意为“自然的”“天然的”“自然界的”。如: ① Coal and oil are natural resources. 煤和石油是天然资源。
② Many natural materials are becoming scarce. 许多天然原料越来越少。 ③ She finds great interest in natural science. 她对自然科学有很大兴趣。 ★natural用作形容词，意为“自然的”“不做作的”。如: ① She speaks in a natural voice. 她说话声音自然。 ② He tried to keep his voice quite (= perfectly) natural. 他竭力让他的语调十分自然。
★natural用作形容词，意为“应该的”“(演变)自然的”。如:
① It?s natural for a child to love its mother. 孩子爱母亲，这是很自然的。 ② It?s natural to run away if you?re afraid. 你害怕的时候就跑开，那是很自然的。
③ His death was from natural cause. 他的死是自然死亡。 ★natural用作形容词，意为“与生俱亚”“天生的”。如:
① She has a natural ability for arranging flowers. 她有插花的天赋。 ② I do not doubt that it is made by natural ability. 我不怀疑那是由自然能力造成的。
③ She is a natural linguist. 她是个天生的语言学家。
【注】有关natural的常用词组还有: natural forces自然力量 natural gas天然气 natural food自然食物 natural science自然科学 natural death老死的 natural abilities自然能力 natural gifts天赋才能 natural history博物学;自然(课) in a natural state处于自然状态;未经加工或人工培养等 come natural to对……是很自然的;对……是轻而易举的
★nature用作名词，意为“大自然”“自然界”，也可表示人或事物的“本质”“本性”。如:
① It?s against nature for people to cut off trees on mountains or hills for farming. 毁林造田是人类违背自然规律的行为。
② The beauties of nature inspired many poets. 自然之美激发许多诗人的灵感。 ③ We must plant more trees and keep the balance of nature. 我们必须种更多的树来保持生态平衡。
④ Man will return to nature. 人类最终要回归自然。 ⑤ She has a very sweet nature. 她性格很温柔。
⑥ My two dogs have quite different natures. 我的两只狗的本性完全不同。
21. It consists mainly of a hill and a man-made lake, with bridges, towers and halls all over the area.
颐和园由万寿山和昆明湖(人工湖)构成主体框架，里面亭台楼阁、殿堂厅室、塔航桥关，应有尽有。
★consist of意为“由……组成”“由……构成”。如: ① The book consists of eight chapters. 那书共有八章。 ② Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen. 水由氢和氧组成。 ③ The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 联合王国由大不列颠与北爱尔兰两部分组成。
★consist与介词in连用，表示“在于”“以……为主要或唯一因素”的意思。如: ① The happiness of a country consists in the freedom of its citizens. 国家的幸福要以民众的自由为首要因素。
② Wisdom does not consists only in knowing fact. 智慧并非仅仅是掌握事实。 ③ The beauty of the city consists in its nice buildings. 这座城市的美丽就在于它美丽的建筑。
④ True education does not consist in simply being taught facts. 真正的教育并不在于简单地讲授事实。 22. mainly一词的用法
★mainly用作副词，意为“主要地”“大部分”。如:
① It is mainly because of my fault. 这主要是由于我的过错。 ② The visitors were mainly students. 来访者大部分是学生。
③ They talked mainly about the work at the meeting. 在会上，他们主要谈论工作。
④ His money mainly come from business investments. 他的钱主要来自于商业投资。
★main用作形容词，只能作定语，意为“主要的”“最重要的”，无比较级。如:
① What?s the main purpose of your visit? 你访问的主要目的是什么? ② This is the main street in our city. 这是我们市内的主要街道。 ③ Can you catch the main idea of the text? 你能领会本篇课文的主题吗? ④ The main thing is to work well. 最重要的是要工作好。
⑤ He doesn?t make much money, but he is very happy. That?s the main thing. 他赚钱不多，但很快乐。那才是最重要的。
23. It is a long wall which runs more than 5,000 kilometers across northern China. 它是一条绵延5000千米红十字会中国北部的城墙。 ★run用作不及物动词，意为“延伸”“通往”“延续”“继续”。如:
① The road runs for many miles by the sea. 这条公路沿着海边延伸好几英里。 ② A small stream runs across it. 一条小溪从这里穿过。 ③ The orchards and forests run intermittently for nearly 200 km. 果园和森林交插着延伸近二百公里。
④ There is a tunnel running though the mountain. 有一条隧道从山里穿过。 ⑤ The appointment runs for two years. 任期是两年。 ⑥ This show has been running for six weeks (continuously). 这出戏(一连)演了六个星期。
【注】可用现在分词作定语，表示“连续的”。如:
① A running commentary on the match will be broadcast over the radio. 将通过电台转播这场比赛的实况解说。
② He made a running translation of the talk. 他给这个报告做了即席翻译。 ★run用作不及物动词，意为“跑”。如: