Introduction
You will lose your chance if you don’t take action right now.
?如果不马上采取行动，你就会坐失良机。
Chilly gusts with a taste of rain in them had almost dispeopled the streets.
? 阵阵寒风，带着雨意，街上冷冷清清，几乎没有什么行人了
?During the 1920s, people in U.S cities increasingly moved to the suburbs because of the freedom
provided to the workers by automobile ownership.（2010）
?在20世纪20年代，由于拥有汽车给工人们所带来的自由，愈来愈多的美国城市居民搬往
郊区居住。
英语多被动，汉语多主动
He was asked by the local government to set up an injuries center at the hospital.
?当地政府要求他在医院创建一个创伤医疗中心 ?英语属静态语言，汉语属动态语言
That would be the confirmation that it was in general use.
?这证明它的使用是十分普遍的。
2. 句式和从句的翻译
?Blood is thicker than water. ?血浓于水。
?Strike he iron while it is hot. ?打铁趁热。 ?Trojan horse:
?特洛伊木马 (在从内部进行破坏的)颠覆分子；内奸；颠覆活动 ?Crocodile tears:
?鳄鱼的眼泪（假慈悲）
?to draw a cake to satisfy one’s hunger ?画饼充饥
?to shout in the east and strike in the west ?声东击西 直译
?To fish for praise ?沽名钓誉
?A bolt from the blue ?晴天霹雳
?to fish in troubled waters ?混水摸鱼
? A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit. ?吃一堑，长一智。
?A rolling stone gathers no moss.
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?滚石不生苔
?A litter body often harbors a great soul. ?浓缩的都是精华。 ?All rivers run into sea. ?海纳百川。
?All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。 ?An eye for an eye and a tooth for tooth. ?以眼还眼，以牙还牙。
? A year's plan starts with spring. ?一年之计在于春。
意译
?意译：是指忠实于原文内容还不拘泥于原文结构形式与修辞手法的翻译方法。 ?a land of honey and milk ? 鱼米之乡
?To talk shop all the time ?三句话不离本行
?The apple of one’s eyes ?掌上明珠
?Put the cart before the hourse ?本末倒置
? 两种翻译方法相辅相成，不能一味只用直译或者只用意译。
意译
?Let the cat out of the bag. ?泄漏天机 ? break the ice ?打破僵局
Every potter praises his pot.
?王婆卖瓜，自卖自夸。 ?The pot calls the kettle black. ?五十步笑百步。
Rome is not built in a day 冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。
?Two is company but three is none.
?一个和尚挑水喝，两个和尚没水喝。 ?to laugh off one’s head ?笑掉大牙
?What’s done is done, and can’t be undone. ?木已成舟
?There is a skeleton in the cupboard. ?家家有本难念的经。
真题
?Since he was born with a silver spoon in his mouth, he spent money like water.（2002）
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?他出生在富贵家庭，所以他挥金如土。
?Take care of the penny and the pound will take care of themselves.（2003） ?金钱积少便成多/小钱省一省，大钱自会来。 ?小事注意，大事自成/小事注意，大事顺利。
练习
?1. He earns scarcely enough to keep body and soul together. ? 他挣钱的钱几乎难以维持生计。
?2. He was practically on his knees but she still refused. ? 他几乎是苦苦哀求，但是她还是拒绝了。
?3. The matter was finally settled under the table. ? 事情终于私下解决了。
? 4. Since I only got the news indirectly, I took it with a grain of salt. ? 这个消息只是我间接听来的，所以我并不完全相信。（有保留的，持保留态度的）
?上班 go to work ?上菜 serve the dishes ?上课 attend class/ give a lesson
?run 《英汉大词典》一共提供了117条义项，包括不及物动词词性34个，及物动词38个，
名词性38个，形容性5个。
?London Transport run extra trains during the rush-hour. ?伦敦运输公司在交通高峰时间增开加班列车。 ?Election campaigns in Britain run for three weeks. ?英国选举活动持续三周。
?He has no idea of how to run a successful business. ?他不知道把企业办好的方法。
?The foreword of the book runs for six pages. ?这本书的前沿长达六页。
?She runs her finger nervously through her hair. ?她紧张地用手指摩挲头发。 A dry cow 不产奶的母牛
?A dry party 没有酒的聚会 ?A dry book 枯燥乏味的书 ?A dry answer 冷淡的回答 ?A dry business season 生意淡季
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?Dry wines 没有甜味的酒
Heavy
?a heavy box ?重箱子
?A heavy rain ?大雨
?Heavy clouds ?厚云
?Heavy news ?令人忧愁的消息 ?A heavy line ?粗线条 ?Heavy wine ? 烈酒
?A heavy sea
?波涛汹涌的海面 ?A heavy smoker ?烟瘾极大的人 ?A heavy demand ?苛求
?A heavy sleep ?沉睡
?Heavy bread ?发的不好的面包 ?Heavy traffic ? 拥挤的交通 ?1.2 词义的轻重
?英语中有很多同义词，但是表达程度不同。 ?Anger, rage, fury, indignation
?Anger 意义较广，强烈程度不定，有时候也不一定流露出来，rage指大怒，着重猛烈发怒，几乎难以自制；fury多指暴怒，比rage更强烈，有气得发疯的意思；indignation只要是道义上的愤怒，即“义愤、愤慨”，多指在遇到不公、欺辱是表现出来的愤激之情。 ?Though he felt his anger mounting, he kept perfect control of himself. ?尽管他越来越生气，但是还是很好的控制住了自己。
?He flew into a rage when he learned that his son had again failed in the examination. ?他得知儿子考试不及格时，大发雷霆。
?Mad with fury, he punched his fists on the wall and beat his beast. ?他气得发疯，用拳头有砸墙又捶胸。
?Reports of child abuse aroused public indignation. ?一些关于虐待儿童的报道引起了公愤。
?1.3 词义的褒贬
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?A. An aggressive young man can go far in this firm. ?在这个公司里，积极进取的年轻人大有前途。 ?B. Aggressive nations threaten world peace. ?侵略成性的国家威胁世界和平。
?A. She has fulfilled her ambition to become a world Champion. ?她实现了当世界冠军的抱负。
?B. He no longer had ambitions to occupy the throne. ?他不再有占据王位的野心。
翻译技巧二：词类转换
?英语是一种静态的语言，多用名词，形容词和介词；而汉语是一种动态语言，多用动词和副词。因此我们在翻译过程中就需要注意变换原文的词性，以有效传达原文的准确信息。因此在英译汉的时候多把名词、介词、形容词和副词转化为动词。 ?The very sight of him makes me nervous. ?一看见他，我就感到紧张。
?The engine has given a constantly good performance. ?这台发动机一直运转的很好。
?Some of my classmates are good singers. ?我的同学中有些人唱歌唱的很好。 ?The dictionary will be out pretty soon. ?这本词典很快就会出版了。
?As he ran out, he forgot to have his cap on. ?他跑出时忘记戴帽子了。 在英汉翻译中其他词类转换。
?This article aims at discussing new development in the financial market. ?本文的目的在于讨论金融市场出现的新成就。(v--n) ?The nuclear test was quite a success. ?核试验非常成功。(n--a)
真题
?A few years ago it was popular to speak of a generation gap, a disagreement between young
people and their elder.（2008）
?在几年前，谈论代沟是普遍的事情，它是指年轻人和其长辈之间的分歧。
?His ignorance of the company’s financial situation resulted in his failure to take
effective measures.（2006）
?对公司财务形势的无知致使他没有采取有效措施。
练习
?1. The government called for the establishment of more technical schools.
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