?人们相信……据报道……
宾语从句的翻译
?顺译
?A simple experiment will show whether or not air does have weight. ?做个简单的实验就可以证明空气是否的确有重量 。
?I made it clear that they must hand in their papers before ten o'clock in the morning. ?我向他们讲清楚了，他们必须上午十点前交卷
表语从句的翻译
?一、顺译
?What he cares is how much he can get from the project. ?他关心的是他从该项目中能获得多少利润。
?My point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately following it
is inevitable.
?我的观点是一代人经常抱怨下一代人是不可避免的。
?What he emphasized over and over again was that, no matter how difficult it might be, they
should never retreat even for an inch.
?他再三强调的是，不管多么苦难，他们绝不应后退寸步。
?二、逆译
?Water and food is what the people in that area are badly needed. ?该地区的人们最需要的是水和食物。 ?三、几种常见句型
?That’s why… 这就是为什么……；这就是为什么……的原因；这就是……的缘故 ?That’s why the machine parts wear away during use. ?那就是机器零件的在使用中磨损的原因。
?This is because…是因为……；这是因为/由于……的缘故
?This is because the direct current flows in a wire always in one direction. ?这是由于直流电在导线中总是沿着一个方向流动的缘故。
?This is what…这就是……的内容；这就是……的含义。如果先译从句后译主句，通常译为
“……就是这个道理；就是这个意思”
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?This is what is meant by “failure is the mother of success” and “a fall into the pit, a gain in your
wit”.
?所谓“失败乃成功之母”和“吃一堑长一智”就是这个意思。
定语从句的翻译
?定语从句的翻译考虑两点：复杂程度和定语从句的性质 ?主要有三种翻译方法： ?前置法 ?后置法 ?融合法 ?分译法 ?译成状语法
一、前置法
?That is a beautiful place which many people long for. ?那是一个许多人向往的美丽的地方。
?Now it is proving itself not as a country which is threatened but as a country which is
threatening others.
?现在证明它自己不是一个受到威胁的国家，而是一个威胁他国的国家。
前置法
?He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet. ?没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。
?His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence. ?他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。
? Harmonious interpersonal relationship is the primary reason why I enjoy working here. ?同事之间关系融洽是我喜欢在这工作的主要原因。
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二、后置法
?如果定语从句结构复杂，译成前置定语显得太长又不符合汉语表达习惯，就可以译成后置的并列分句，有时候可以重复先行词，在非限制性定语从句中经常用到这个方法。 ?（一）重复先行词
?China and Japan reached agreement on the issue of agriculture which was a major barrier for their bilateral relation since 1996. 中日两国最终就农业问题达成了协议，而农业问题自一九九六年起就是两国关系发展的主要障碍。
?Although he is a green hand, he has enterprise and creativity which are decisive in winning success in the field.
?他虽然经验不足，但很有进取心和创造力，而这正是在这一领域获得成功的关键。 ?I told the story to John, who told it to his brother. ?我把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他弟弟。
?（二）省略先行词
?如果把定语从句翻译在先行词后面，在“通顺、完整”的前提下，有时候可以不用重复先行
词。
?It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle. ?是他接到那封信，说你的叔叔去世了。
?They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased. ?他们制定出一种新方案，采用之后生产已迅速得到提高。
? After dinner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night. ?饭后，四个主要谈判人物继续进行会谈，一直谈到深夜。
三、融合法
?融合法是指翻译时把主句和定语从句融合成一句简单句，其中的定语从句译成单句中的谓语部分。由于限制性定语从句与主句关系较紧密，所以，融合法多用于翻译限制性定语从句。
?A． 定语从句的主句里有“there be”、“to be”等动词时，可以把原句中的主语和定语从句融合在一起，译成简单句。例如：
?There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. ?楼下有人要见你。（原句中的主句部分there is a man翻译成“有人”，然后将定语从句译成句子的谓语部分。）
?There are some students in the class who dislike studying. ?在班上总有一些学生不爱学习。
?This is the very knife which he used to murder the victim. ?他就是用这把刀谋杀了受害人。
?B． 定语从句的动词在整个复合句中分量较重，可将其主句压缩成词组译作主语，而把定
语从句的动词译作其谓语。例如：
?He had great success in football which made him an idol in the eyes of every football player.
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?他在足球领域取得的成就使他成为每一个足球运动员的偶像。
?四、分译法：分译法是指将主句和从句分开翻译的一种方法，主要用于较长的非限制性定
语从句里。
三、译成状语从句
?No one in the company likes their boss, who is stingy and bad-tempered.（表原因） ?公司里没人喜欢他们的老板，因为他脾气暴躁、人又小气。
The two countries established formal diplomatic relation, which paved the way for the further communication. （表结果）
?两国正式建立了外交关系，从而为双方进一步的交流铺平了道路。
?They quarreled with each other everyday, which led to their divorce.（表结果） ?他们夫妻二人天天吵架，最终导致离婚。
He insisted on buying another car, which he actually didn’t need.（表让步） 他坚持要再买一辆车，尽管他并不需要。
?This company, which wants to get their new product sold well in the market, is trying hard
to perfect its packing and workmanship. （表目的）
?为了使新产品在市场热销，这个公司正在全力改进工艺和外包装。
?Any one who works hard and never gives up will succeed.（表条件或假设） ?任何人，只要努力工作永不放弃，就能够成功。 真题
?1. After all, language is a reflection of the culture from which it developed.(2010) ?毕竟，语言源自文化并且反映文化。
?2. By pooling their resources together, small groups of students generally gain advantages over
individuals who prefer to study alone.(2008)
?通过共享资源，小组学习的学生通常比愿意独自学习的学生获得更多的优势。
?3. Pessimists are such people who always expect bad things to happen in the world.(2008) ?悲观主义者就是那些总是认为会发生坏事的人。
?4. The words and phrases given in this dictionary are those that are likely to be needed by
every person.(2007)
?本词典所列的单词和词组是每个人都有可能用到的。
?5.Air moves from places where the pressure is high to places where the pressure is
low.(2007)
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?空气从气压较高的地方流向气压较低的地方。
?6. Every employer wants and needs employees who can suggest improvements in an honest
and constructive manner.(2006)
?每个雇主都想要那些能够以诚恳而且赋予建设性的方式提出改进意见的雇员。
?7. These are just a few of the main situations in which the men and women who are public
interest lawyers serve to extend justice throughout society.(2005)
?只有在为数不多的主要情况下，那些男的或女的公益律师才会在全社会范围内伸张正义。
?8. Chinese trade delegations have been sent to African countries, who will negotiate trade
agreement.(2002)
?中国派了代表团前往非洲各国，以便与各国政府商谈贸易协定。
定语从句中的but 翻译
?There was not one house but was burnt down. ?所有的房子都被烧了。
?There is nothing in the world but is influenced by the sun. ?世界上没有不受太阳影响的东西。
?There is no mother but loves her children.
?There is no rule in English but has an exception. ?There is no human being but errors.
同位语从句的翻译
?一、译成独立句
?把同位语从句译成一个独立的句子，并在其前加：即、冒号、破折号等。该方法适合于较
长的同位语从句。
In 1905 Einstein worked out a theory that matter and energy were not completely different things.
1905年，爱因斯坦提出了一项理论：物质和能并不是完全不同的东西。
?二、译成独立句
The fact that plastics do not rust at all is shown in this example。 这个例子说明了塑料完全不生锈的事实。 三、转换译法
被同位语所说明的本位语，若是包含着有动作意义的词，如：discovery, suggestion, hope, assurance, knowledge一般可把这类词转译为动词，而将同位语从句译为汉语的主谓词组，作该动词的宾语。
He expressed the hope that he could do the experiment again.
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