?Ever-changing ?日新月异 ?In chaos ?乌烟瘴气 ?Rumors ?流言蜚语
?四、合分法 ?1.句子的拆分
?There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met. ?我访问了一些地方，遇到了不少人。要谈起来，奇妙的事情可多着呢。 ?With all its disadvantages this design is considered to be one of the best. ?尽管这个设计有种种缺点，仍被认为是最佳设计之一。 ?2.句子的组合(使用频率低)
?They sat down in the waiting room to so some reading. People came to and from there. ?他们在人来人往的候车室里坐下来看点书。
练习
?1. Would you rather be well brought up and badly educated, or the opposite?
? 你是愿意收到良好的家庭教育而受到不好的学校教育，还是希望受到不好的家庭教育而
受到良好的学校教育？
?2. The television set is really cheap in price and fine in quality. ? 这台电视机真是物美价廉。
?3. The government is doing its best to ease the tension in that area. ? 政府正在尽全力来缓和那个地区的紧张局势。 ?
句子的翻译
?一、主语的翻译
?英语经常以抽象名词或者无生命的事物作主语，用本来表示人的动作或者行为的动词作谓语。
?An idea suddenly struck me. ?我突然想到一个主意。
?Excitement deprived me of an power to speak. ?我兴奋的说不出话来。
?His diligence, earnestness, carefulness and brilliance make him praised by all. ?他勤勉、真诚、细心、才华过人，凡此种种都是他受到众人的夸奖。
?二、谓语的翻译
?（一）时态的翻译（要有时态意识） ?1. I used to know Russian pretty well.
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? 过去我的俄语相当好。
?2. The girl who had promised to baby-sit for them was too ill to do so. ?先前答应要来看管小孩的女孩子，后来病重无法前来。
?3. I shall have been writing for six hours without stopping by the time you come back. ?到你回来的时候，我已经连续不停的写了六个钟头了
?（二）语态的翻译
?在实际翻译中，对于被动句的处理不外乎两种，第一是翻译成主动句，第二是翻译成汉语
的被动句
?1. 翻译成主动句或者无主句
?(1). He had been stricken with a heart attack earlier in the afternoon. ? 午后不久，他的心脏病发作了。
?(2). The trade gap for the year is expected to reach an unprecedented $130billion. ?今年的贸易差额有望达到前所未有的1300亿美元。
?On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. ?相反，他们的知识和经验更丰富了。
(4). By the end of the war more than 2000 people had been saved by the organization. 到战争结束时，这个组织拯救了2000多人的生命。
(5). To explore the moon’s surface, rockets were launched into the space again and again. 为了探测月球表面，人们不断向太空发射火箭。
?2. 翻译成被动句（包含“被”、“由”、“让”、“予以”、“加以”、“给”、“挨”、“为……所”、
“使”、“遭到” 、“受到” 等词的句子）
?(1).The novel I had thrown away was chosen by the Book Society. ?我一度扔掉的那部小说后来被书社选中了。
?(2). The credit system in American was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872. ? 美国的学分制是1872年在哈佛大学首先实施的。
真题
?1. In the United States, elementary and middle school are advised to give students two and a half
hours of physical activities a week.(2009)
?在美国，小学和中学都被要求每周给学生两个半小时的体育活动时间。
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?2. With increasing awareness of the environment, people have realized that the way coal is
used is critical and new approaches have to be sought.（2001）
?随着环境意识的增强，人们认识到煤炭的使用方法至关重要，因此得寻求新的方法。
?3. The author suggests that human recourses management should be taught as a required subject
in this school, along with science courses.
?作者建议，除了理科课程外，这所学校应将人力资源管理作为必修课开设。 （2001）
?三、定语的翻译
?英语中能够充当定语的成分比较多：名词、形容词、数词等，还可以是非谓语形式或者从
句。
?英汉语定语的区别：英语的定语可以放在被修饰名词的前边或者后边，而汉语的定语只能
放在被修饰的词的前边。
?Eg
?He makes occasional appearance for the local football team. ?为了当地的足球队他做出了偶尔的露面。 ?他偶尔露面，以便支持当地的足球队
?In the 1880s, the United States was a land sharply divided between the immensely wealthy
and the very poor.(后置定语)
?十九世纪八十年代美国是一个贫富分化及其明显的国家。
?They have already fulfilled the target of industrial production set by the new five- year
plan.
?他们已经完成了新五年计划所规定的工业生产的目标。
比较结构的翻译
?英语有三种基本比较结构：统计比较（as…as）、差级比较（more…than）和终极比较（the
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most）
?一、同级比较
?A +be (not) + as + adj / adv + as + B ?John is as bright as Bob. ?约翰和鲍勃一样聪明。
?A +be (not) + as + adj + A + be + adj
?The girl was as brilliant as she was beautiful. ?那位姑娘既聪明又漂亮。
?The young man is not so wise as he is handsome. ?这个年轻人虽然英俊但不怎么聪明。
?A + be+ as+ adj+ as+ B + be + adj (而) ?One is as light as the other is heavy. ?一个轻，而另一个重。
?He was as experienced as his brother was green. ?他经验丰富，而他弟弟却涉世未深。
?His uncle was as base and unworthy as his father has been upright and honorable. ?他的叔叔卑鄙龌龊，不如他爸爸那样为人正直诚实。 ?not so much as 与其说……不如说…… ?He is not so much a scholar as a writer.
?与其说他是一个学者不如说他是一个作家。
?It was not so much his appearance I like as his personality. ?与其说我喜欢的是他的外表，不如说我喜欢他的人品。
?二、差级比较 more…than…
?George is more intelligent than aggressive. ?与其说乔治言行放肆，不如说他聪颖过人。
?The present crisis is much more a political than an economic crisis. ?当前的危机与其说是经济危机，不如说是政治危机。
?Experience shows that success is due less to ability than to zeal(热情). ?经验表明，成功的取得与其说由于能力不如说依靠热情。 ?no more…than (not any more than) 和not more…than ?I can no more drive than you. ?我和你一样不会开车。
?There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, any more than they can
limit how much water you drink.
?他们没有理由限制你服用多少维他命，就像他们不能限制你喝多少水一样。
?三、终极结构（the most）
?(1) 否定词+比较级(没有……比……更；最……)
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?Few are better qualified for the job than he is. ?没有人比他更合适做这个工作。
?(2) the last（最不喜欢；最不愿意做的事情）
?I would be the last to say that science has explained everything. ?科学可以解决一切？我是绝不会说这样的话的。 ?He would be the last person who would do such a thing. ?他会是最不愿意做这件事的人。
真题
?The people there will pay two or three time as much as they used to pay for a house.(2007) ?对于同一所房子，人们要支付的是往常支付的两三倍之多。
?This year they have made by far greater progress in business than they did last year.(2003) ?他们今年的业务进展比去年大得多。
从句的翻译
?一、主语从句的翻译 ?1. 主语从句放于句首(主语从句放在句首，有关联词直接引入主语，翻译时可以按照原文
顺序翻译。关联词可以翻译为“……所”）
?Whatever she saw and heard on her trip gave her a deep impression. ?她此行的所见所闻给她留下了深刻的印象。
?2. 主语和从句断开(在主句前加“这”，在主句上给主句更多强调) ?That she is still alive is a consolation. ?她还活着，这使人感到宽慰。
?3. it 形式主语的翻译
?It doesn’t make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not. ?他参不参加会议无所谓。
?It was strange that the listeners were more interested in the speaker than the actual topic of
his talk.
?奇怪的是，听众更感兴趣的是演讲人而不是他演讲的题目。 ?It is/ was reported/ said/ known/ believed…that
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