16、But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.
词汇突破：1.rests on 基于…，取决于…
例句：（我给的例句从来都是最接近考研语境的。）
The True Finns' chances probably rest on the degree/ to which Mr Soini is prepared to compromise his anti-EU position.
主干：chances probably rest on the degree （机会取决于程度） 词汇: compromise 妥协让步；
（正统芬兰人党的机会或许将取决于索依尼准备对其反欧盟立场作出让步的程度。） 2. established conventions 已确立的传统 3. journalist 新闻记者
主干识别：the idea rests on an understanding
其他成分：the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen （同位语从句）
of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.
（定语）
翻译点拨：词汇点拨： rests on 基于…
established conventions 已确立的传统（规定/习俗）
成分的点拨：
先翻译同位语从句：
the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen 新闻记者应比普通公民更加深刻（透彻）地了解法律 再翻主句：
主句中定语和宾语的处理：
an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. 对于新闻媒体中已确立的传统和特殊责任的理解
根据语义可以确定of the news media.修饰the established conventions and special responsibilities
参考译文：新闻记者应比普通公民更加透彻地了解法律，这种看法是基于对新闻媒体中已确立的传统（规定）和特殊责任的理解。
GeorgeOsborne, Britain’s chancellor 英国的财务大臣乔治奥斯本，他的很多主张让英国的经济恢复的很好。但是傲慢的经济学人就是觉得他是个屌丝，觉得他缺乏体面的帝国尊严感，只知道赚钱，而且奥斯本对中国的发展之路是比较认可的，这也成了他被攻击的对象。老牌傲慢的日不落帝国的遗老们对于中国的崛起一时是很难接受的，我们可以给他们时间适应。今天的文章一开头就是这样写道的：
IFYOU want to get rich, goes a Chinese saying, first build a road. GeorgeOsborne, Britain’s chancellor, seems to agree. He seldom misses a chance to puton a hard hat and proclaim the
virtues of more roads and railways.
中国谚语说道，要想富，先修路。乔治奥斯本作为英国的大臣似乎认同这一说法，他很少错过任何一个机会去戴上安全帽并宣讲修更多铁路和更多公路的好处。 然后讲了他给的很多修路好处的修辞； 接着第二段就谈到：
Yetfor all the rhetoric, in recent years British infrastructure has been deteriorating. 尽管给了这么多修辞，最近几年英国的基础设施建设变得越来越糟糕。
17、A small infrastructure budget is not necessarily a bad thing, if the money is used wisely. This often means spending on unsexy things—improving traffic lights and so forth—rather than big, expensive undertakings. In 2006 Sir Rod Eddington, an Australian businessman, published a government-backed review of Britain’s infrastructure provision, warning against grand projects for having cost-benefit ratios that are often worse than other less-exciting transport projects. 词汇突破：1. Infrastructure budget基础设施预算
2. unsexy 不性感，但在这里表示“普通”；= less-exciting 反义词：big 和 expensive
sexy常常被用到,比如你考试成绩不错，可以说： Your exam score is really sexy. 你的计划真棒：Your plan is sexy.
老外就是没有进化完整，夸个人都是污，really dirty! 3.undertaking 项目，事业
4. government-backed 政府支持的 5. provision 供应，供给； 例句：
The government is respopnsible for the provision of health care.
政府负责提供医疗服务。
infrastructure provision 这里可以翻译为基础设施的建设 6. cost-benefit ratios 开支和收益比率
解析：1. A small infrastructure budget is not necessarily a bad thing, if the money is used wisely. （中英文语序基本一致。）
如果资金能够合理的利用的话，那么小额的基础设施预算也不一定就是坏事。
2. This often means spending on unsexy things—improving traffic lights and so forth—rather than big, expensive undertakings. (中英文语序基本一致。)
小额的预算常常意味着在一些普通的事情上花钱，比如改善交通信号灯等等，而不是投资到一些大型的或者昂贵的项目。
3. In 2006 Sir Rod Eddington, an Australian businessman, published a government-backed review of Britain’s infrastructure provision, warning against grand projects for having cost-benefit ratios that are often worse than other less-exciting transport projects. 主干：Sir Rod Eddington published a review.
其他成分： warning against grand projects for having cost-benefit ratios that are often worse than other less-exciting transport projects. 这个部分可以独立成句为：
Review warns against…
Sir Rod Eddington warns against…
因为是这个写的这份报告，所以warns的主语既可以是人也可以是报告； grand projects for/ (grand projects ) having cost-benefit ratios
/ that= （cost-benefit ratios ）are often worse than other less-exciting transport projects.
参考译文 ：（早在）2006年，一位澳大利亚的商人，Rod Eddington爵士在政府的支持下出版了一份英国基础设施建设的报告（综述），对那些开支和收益率常常比其他小型交通项目更糟糕的大型项目提出了警告。
(也可以翻译为：出版了一份政府支持下的英国基础设施建设报告。)
18、Anthropology is a science in that anthropologists use a rigorous set of methodsand techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.
词汇突破：1. Anthropology 人类学Anthropologist 人类学家
2. rigorous： done carefully and with a lot of attention to detail.谨慎的，细致的，彻底的； demanding that particular rules, processes, etc. are strictly followed. 严格的，严厉的； 3. document （动词）记录 4. a set of 一套
5. in that= because 因为引导状语从句；
解析：Anthropology is a science(主句) //（状语从句） in that anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations /（定语从句）that can be checked by others. 翻译的时候可以分为三个部分。
参考译文： 人类学是一门科学，因为人类学家采用一整套极细致的方法和技术来记录观测结果，同时这样记录下来的观测结果可供他人检验。
背景解析：一门学科能不能被定义为科学，要看这么学科是否符合“科学”的定义：
辞海中科学是这样定义的：运用范畴、定理、定律等思维形式反映现实世界各种现象的本质的规律的知识体系。
牛津字典的定义是：knowledge about structure and behavior of the natural and physical world, based on facts that you can prove, for example by experiments.
科学强调基于实证和数据分析；心理学，人类学，经济学，这些学科算不算science？一直都是大家在争论的问题。
SINCE its return to power last May, Britain’s Conservative government has made clear its intention to loosen the laws on Sunday trading by devolving decisions over shops’ opening hours to local councils.
同学们还记不记得devolve这个词！赶快翻看之前的句子！
背景介绍: 二战结束以后，英国工党（labor） 和保守党（conservative又叫 Tory托利党）轮流执政。工党政府在五十年代建立起来的国家福利体制，对英国和欧洲的发展有深远的影
响，后来保守党执政并不改变工党的社会福利政策。免费教育和医疗体系非常健全。当年国务院副总理王震访英深受震撼，回来后成为邓小平同志改革开放政策的坚定支持者。 英国的劳动法也是很矫情的。商场周日上班时间就是中午12点到下午6点； 你要敢开门你就是违反劳动法；但是政府准备放开这个规定
19、A of B and C这种情况到底是：A of B 和C 并列呢？还是 of B and C 做A的定语； 这个从语法上真没有办法判定，一般都是结合语境从语义的角度进行判断；不过通常我会优先认定为of B and C做定语；实在语义不通顺再改判；
The government says loosening the regulations would help the high street, which is struggling to compete with online retailers that trade seven days a week. Labour opposed the plan on the ground that workers could be forced to work when they do not want to. Tory traditionalists said Sunday should remain a day of rest.
解析：
1.SINCE its return to power last May, /Britain’s Conservative government has made clear its intention to loosen the laws on Sunday trading /by devolving decisions over shops’ opening hours to local councils(独立成句).
词汇突破：1. Britain’s Conservative government 英国保守党政府 2. loosen the laws on Sunday trading 放松周日商业的法律规定
3. devolving decisions （over shops’ opening hours定语修饰decision） to local councils. Over=关于
Devolve A to B将关于商店营业时间的决定权交给地方议会 参考译文：自从去年五月保守党重新执政以来，保守党政府就是明确表示他们有意放松对于周日交易的法律规定，并将关于商店营业时间的决定权交给地方议会。
2. The government says loosening the regulations would help the high street, /which is struggling to compete with online retailers that trade seven days a week. 词汇突破 1. loosen 放松 2. the high street 商业街
是城镇主要商业街通用的一个转喻说法，可以直接称为“商业街”，在英国尤为常用。High Street通常是市中心商店和商家最集中的地方，也经常被用来指代零售业。 在美国、加拿大和爱尔兰则多用Main Street来指代商铺集中的商业街，苏格兰一些小乡镇和澳大利亚部分郊区也用这个说法。在牙买加、英格兰东北部以及加拿大和美国部分地区，主要的商业区则用Front Street表示。 3. trade 经营 参考译文：城市零售业正在与那些一天经营七天的网络零售商苦苦地竞争，政府认为放宽规定将有助于城市商业街的（经营）。
3. Labour opposed the plan on the ground that workers could be forced to work when they do not want to. Tory traditionalists said Sunday should remain a day of rest.（今天的任务） 词汇突破：Labour 工党
Tory traditionalists 传统的保守主义者；（在保守党里还要分为传统的保守主义者和新保守主义者，这里的传统保守主义者的看法和政府的看法还不一样。）
参考译文：工党反对政府的计划基于的理论是当工人不想工作的时候会被强迫去工作。 传统的保守主义者们也说周日应该是休息日。
20、For now, he reckons, general-purpose machine intelligence remains a long way off. The pattern-recognizing abilities of deep-learning algorithms（n.演算法; 运算法则; algorithm的名词复数 ) 计算程序; are impressive, but computers still lack many of the mental tools that humans take for granted. A big one is “transfer learning”, which is what AI researchers call reasoning by analogy. This is the ability to take lessons learned in one domain and apply them to another. And machines like AlphaGo have no goals, and no more awareness of their own existence than does a word processor or a piece of accounting software.
词汇突破：1. Reckon 认为 （这样的词最安全的就是翻译为认为。）
2. general-purpose （Having a wide range of different uses;）多功能的，多用途的；
3. The pattern-recognizing abilities of deep-learning algorithms 深度学习运算法则的模式识别能力 （这个名词真的是够装的，我反正不知道在说什么，但是据说就是阿尔法狗的核心竞争力。）
4. transfer learning 转移学习能力
5. reasoning by analogy. 通过类比来推理 6. apply A to B 运用A到B中
7. no more…than…双方否定句型 (这是每年考研都会讲到的一个句型，今年的句子中又遇到了，所以变得是内容，不变的是结构。) 例句： I run no faster than dose Jack.
=I run no faster than Jack does.(faster 中的-er就等于more，每年都有蠢萌的人来问我怎么没有more)
我跑的不快，就如Jack跑的也不快那样。（在than引导的句子中虽然没有否定词但是也要翻译成否定的含义。）
这种结构也可以是：not （few）…any more than…这样的变体。
解析：1. For now, he reckons, general-purpose machine intelligence remains a long way off. 他认为，迄今一般性目的的机器智能还有很长一段路要走。
2. The pattern-recognizing abilities of deep-learning algorithms are impressive, but computers still lack many of the mental tools that humans take for granted. 虽然深度学习运算法则的模式识别能力给人印象深刻，但是计算机依然缺乏很多人类轻易就能具备（take for granted）的思维工具.
3. A big one is “transfer learning”, which is what AI researchers call reasoning by analogy.其中很大的一个就是“转移学习能力。” 也就是人工智能研究者所称的“通过类比来推理” 4. This is the ability to take lessons learned in one domain and apply them to another. 这种能力是指把在一个领域中所学的教训运用到另外的一个领域中去。
5. And machines like AlphaGo have no goals, and no more awareness of their own existence than does a word processor or a piece of accounting software. 而且像阿尔法狗这样的机器是没有目标的。他们没有自己存在的意识，就如一个文档处理软件或者会计软件也没有自我存在意识一样。
21、But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.
词汇突破： 1.primary 首要的 2.moral code 道德原则/规范