【Passage 1】
Immediately relevant to game theory are the sex ratios in certain parasitic wasp species that have a large excess of females.
与博弈论有着紧密联系的是特定寄生蜂种群中的性别比例，该种群有着大量的雌蜂。
In these species, fertilized eggs develop into females and unfertilized eggs into males.
在这些种群中，受精卵发展成为雌蜂，而未受精的卵发展成为雄蜂。
A female stores sperm and can determine the sex of each egg she lays by fertilizing it or leaving it unfertilized. 雌蜂储存精子，并通过受精与否决定每个卵的性别。
By Fisher‘s genetic argument that the sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted, it should pay a female to produce equal numbers of sons and daughters.
通过F的遗传论据，性别比例将会倾向于那些将后代数量
最大化的个体，并因此大量的基因复制得以被传输。而这应该会使得雌蜂生产等量的雌雄幼体。
Hamilton, noting that the eggs develop within their host—the larva of another insect—and that the newly emerged adult wasps mate immediately and disperse, offered a remarkably cogent analysis.
H认为，蜂卵将在它们寄主-其他昆虫的幼虫中进行发育，新长成的成年蜂会立即进行交配并分散开。
Since only one female usually lays eggs in a given larva, it would pay her to produce one male only, because this one male could fertilize all his sisters on emergence.
由于只有雌蜂会在特定的幼虫中产卵，这将使它只生产一只雄性蜂，因为在紧急情况下，该雄峰可以使其姊妹得以受精。
Like Fisher, Hamilton looked for an evolutionarily stable strategy, but he went a step further in recognizing that he waslooking for a strategy.
与F一样，H寻找一种进化稳定的策略，但他比公认他只
是在寻找一种策略更进一步。 （T1）C
The author suggests that the work of Fisher and Hamilton was similar in that both scientists： 作者认为F和H的工作相似是因为两个科学家都：
A、 conducted their research at approximately
thesame time
在相同的时间得出相似的结论。
B、 sought to manipulate the sex ratios of some of
the animals they studied
寻找操控他们研究的某些动物的性别比例的方法。
C、 sought an explanation of why certain sex ratios
exist and remain stable
寻找对于为什么特定性别比例能够存在并保持稳定的原因。
D、 studied game theory, thereby providing
important groundwork for the later development
of strategy theory
研究博弈论，从而为后面策略理论的发展提供重要依据。
E、 studied reproduction in the same animal
species
研究相同物种的繁殖。 （T2）B
The passage contains information that would answer which of the following questions about wasps? 文中包含的信息可以回答以下哪些问题？
A、 How many eggs does the female wasp usually
lay in a single host larva?
雌蜂通常在单个寄主幼体中产多少个卵？
B、 Can some species of wasp determine sex
ratios among their offspring?
某些蜂种可以决定其后代的性别比例吗？
C、 What is the approximate sex ratio among the
offspring of parasitic wasps?
在寄生蜂后代中大概的性别比例是多少？
（T3）D
Which of the following is NOT true of the species of parasitic wasps discussed in the passage? 下面哪一项文中关于寄生蜂的讨论是错误的？
A、 Adult female wasps are capable of storing
sperm.
成年的雌蜂有能力储存精子。
B、 Female wasps lay their eggs in the larvae of
other insects.
雌蜂在其他昆虫的幼虫中产卵。
C、 The adult female wasp can be fertilized by a
male that was hatched in the same larva as herself.
成年雌蜂可以被在同一幼体中孵化的雄蜂受精。
D、 So few male wasps are produced that
extinction is almost certain.
极少数的雄峰被生产以至于物种灭绝是肯定的。