E、 Male wasps do not emerge from their hosts
until they reach sexual maturity.
雄峰未能从其宿主中形成直到它们达到性成熟。
【Passage 2】
Tocqueville, apparently, was wrong. Jacksonian America was not a fluid, egalitarian society where individual wealth and poverty were ephemeral conditions.
显然，托克维尔是错误的，杰克逊式的美国并不是不稳固的，在平均主义社会中，个体的富裕和贫穷是短暂的状况。 At least so argues E. Pessen in his iconoclastic study of the very rich in the United States between 1825 and 1850.
至少伊-佩森在其1825年到1850年间对于美国巨富的反传统研究中是如此描述的。
Pessen does present a quantity of examples, together with some refreshingly intelligible statistics, to establish the existence of an inordinately wealthy class. （T1 A选项论据）
佩森列举了大量的例子及一些令人耳目一新令人可理解的统计数据，去证明一个极度富有的阶层的存在。 Though active in commerce or the professions（T1 C选项论据）, most of the wealthy were not self-made, but had inherited family fortunes.（T1 D选项错误的原因） 尽管多数富豪活跃于商业中或专职领域，但他们并非白手
起家，而是继承家族财产。
In no sense mercurial, these great fortunes survived the financial panics（T1 E选项论据）that destroyed lesser ones.
由于这些巨大的财富未被置于流通中，它们得以在经济恐慌中保存。而规模较小者则被击垮。
Indeed, in several cities the wealthiest one percent constantly increased its share（T1 B选项论据）until by 1850 it owned half of the community‘s wealth. 的确，在不少的城市中，最富有者的百分之一固定地增长着他们的财富份额，直到1850年，这些人掌握了一半的社会财富。
Although these observations are true, Pessen overestimates their importance by concluding from them that the undoubted progress toward inequality in the late eighteenth century continued in the Jacksonian period and that the United States was a class-ridden, plutocratic society even before industrialization. 尽管这些观察是真的，对于十八世纪后期毋庸置疑的不平等进一步延续至杰克逊时期的结论，以及美国早在工业革命前就是一个阶级分化的财阀社会的结论，使得佩森过度估计了巨富们的重要性。
(T1)
According to the passage, Pessen indicates that all of the following were true of the very wealthy in the United States between 1825 and 1850 EXCEPT: 根据文章，佩森指出下列关于美国1825年至1850年间巨富的事实正确，除了：
A、 They formed a distinct upper class.
他们来形成于独特的上层阶级。
B、 Many of them were able to increase their
holdings.
他们其中的许多有能力增加他们的财产。
C、 Some of them worked as professionals or in
business.
他们中的有些人供职于专业工作或者商业领域。
D、 Most of them accumulated their own fortunes.
其中的许多人积累着他们的自己的财富。
E、 Many of them retained their wealth in spite of
financial upheavals.
尽管金融剧变，其中的许多人依旧保持着他们的财富。 （T2）
Which of the following best states the author‘s main point?
下列哪一个选项是作者中心思想的最佳表述？
A、 Pessen‘s study has overturned the previously
established view of the social and economic structure America.
佩森的研究颠覆了之前建立的关于十九世纪早期美国社会和经济结构的观点
（错误，文中并没有涉及佩森的研究是关于十九世纪早期的）
B、 Tocqueville‘s analysis of the United States in
the Jacksonian era remains the definitive account of this period.
托克维尔关于美国在杰克逊时期的分析在这一
of
early
nineteenth-century