时期保持着决定性的因素。
(错误,文中开头便提到托克维尔的观点是错误的,“Tocqueville, apparently, was wrong”)
C、 Pessen‘s study is valuable primarily because
it shows the continuity of the social system in the United States throughout the nineteenth century.
佩森的研究是有价值的主要是因为它展示了贯穿十九世纪的美国社会系统的连续性。 (错误,文章并没有对佩森的研究的价值给予过多的评价,相反最后一段指出佩森的研究得出了不正确的结论)
D、 The social patterns and political power of
the extremely wealthy in the United States between
1825
and
1850
are
well
documented.
在1825年至1850年间,美国巨富群体的社会分布和政治权力被很好的记录了下来。 (错误,该点并非文章中作者的主要思想)
E、 Pessen challenges a view of the social and
economic system in the United States from 1825 to 1850, but he draws conclusions that are incorrect.
佩森挑战了对于1825年至1850年间美国社会和经济系统的一般观点,但他得出了不正确的结论。
(正确,前面段落描述佩森用大量的研究指出托克维尔关于杰克逊时期美国的观点是错误的,但最后一句表面,佩森未能客观看待美国巨富的重要性,导致其得出不正确的结论,“Pessen overestimates their importance”)
【Passage 3】
Anaerobic glycolysis is a process in which energy is produced, without oxygen, through the breakdown of muscle glycogen into lactic acid and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy provider.
无氧酵解是这么一种过程,在没有氧气的情况下产生能量,经过分解由肌肉糖原变为乳酸以及三磷酸腺苷(ATP)—能量的提供者。
The amount of energy that can be produced anaerobically is a function of the amount of glycogen present—in all vertebrates about 0.5 percent of their muscles‘ wet weight. (T1 D选项的论据)
大量的能量可以无氧地被生产出来是由于一种机制,即一定数量的糖原存在于所有有脊椎动物中,大概占它们肌肉湿重的0.5%。
Thus the anaerobic energy reserves of a vertebrate are proportional to the size of the animal.
因此有脊椎动物的厌氧能量的吸收与该动物体型大小成比例。
If, for example, some predators had attacked a 100-ton dinosaur, normally torpid, the dinosaur would have been able to generate almost instantaneously, via anaerobic glycolysis, the energy of 3,000 humans at maximum oxidative metabolic energy production.
例如,一些捕食者攻击一个重达100顿通常行动迟缓的恐龙,而恐龙可以通过无氧酵解瞬间产生相当巨大的能量,相当于3000个人在最大有氧代谢下产生的能量。
(T1)
The passage's suggestion that the total anaerobic energy reserves of a vertebrate are proportional to the vertebrate‘s size is based on which of the following assumption?
文章中关于有脊椎动物所吸收的全部无氧能量与有脊椎动物的体型大小成比例关系的设想是基于以下哪一个论据?
A、 larger vertebrates conserve more energy than
smaller vertebrates
大型有脊椎动物比小型有脊椎动保存更多能量。 (错误,文中并没有提及大型有脊椎动物及小型有脊椎动物与保存能量之间的关系。)
B、 larger vertebrates use less oxygen per unit weight
than smaller vertebrates
大型有脊椎动物比小型有脊椎动物在每单位重量下用更少的氧。
(错误,文中并没有提到大型有脊椎动物和小型有脊椎动物每单位重量下氧的用量,并且也没有指出氧气用量
与无氧能量吸收及体型的比例关系。)
C、 the ability of a vertebrate to consume food is a
function of its size
有脊椎动物消耗食物的能力是其体型的基本功能。 (错误,文中并未提及消耗食物等概念。)
D、 the amount of muscle tissue in a vertebrate is
directly related to its size
有脊椎动物肌肉组织的总量直接与其体型大小有关。 (正确,文中提到糖原存在于有脊椎动物中,并占其肌肉湿重的0.5%,“The amount of energy that can be produced anaerobically is a function of the amount of glycogen present—in all vertebrates about 0.5 percent of their muscles wet weight”,这就表明有脊椎动物体型越大其肌肉组织越多,肌肉组织中糖原越多,可得出其吸收或产生的无氧能量越多。)
E、 the size of a vertebrate is proportional to the
quantity of energy it can utilize
有脊椎动物体型的大小与它可以利用的能量的多少成比例关系。