A
A bill of quantities allows each contractor tendering for a project to price the work using the same information.
一个账单量允许每个承包商为项目投标价格
A bill of quantities is a list of item are entered in the next column followed by the rate ($/meter,$/meter2,$meter3,etc).
比尔的数量是一个列表项进入下一列由率（美元/米，美元/平方米，美元/ 立方米，等）
A construction manager can provide such coordination and the leadership necessary to produce the work. 一个项目经理提供必要的生产等工作的协调和领导。
A contract can be a ‘simple contract’: specialty contracts are also commonly referred to as ‘contracts under seal’.
合同可以是一个简单的合同”：专业合同通常也被称为“盖印契约
A contract is agreement between two or more than two parties(individuals or organizations) to perform or not to perform certain acts.
合同协议的两个或更多的比之间的两方（个人或组织）执行或不执行某些行为。
A contract may be written or oral, but is only formed when there has an offer to do or provide something that is accepted by another party and is supported by consideration.
合同可以是书面的或口头的，但只有当有一个形成作出或提供的东西是由另一方的接受和支持的思考。 A contract under seal is a contract made by a ‘deed’. 在密封的合同是一种以“契约合同。
A designer and a construction consultant together would provide the owner with the right information. 一个设计师和工程顾问一起将向业主提供正确的信息
A fast-track approach leaves the option of holding back pieces of the project. 短平快的叶着作品的项目选择。
A general contractor typically marks up the subcontractors' work 10 percent. 总承包商的分包商的工作通常是百分之10
A general contractor who is pricing work usually includes work common to multiple trades in his or her own number.
一个总承包商定价工作通常包括在他或她自己的号码的多个行业共同工作。
A heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) subcontractor, for instance, may hire a sheet metal subcontractor to fabricate and instalJ the ductwork on the job.
加热，通风，空调（HVAC）的分包商，例如，可以雇佣一个金属片的分包商的制作和instalj管道在工作
A look at the organization, including employees' average years of experience, its retention record, its safety record, current projects, and the availability of specific staff members, will flesh out the specific characteristics of the firm.
在组织一看，包括雇员的平均年经验，其保留记录，它的安全记录，当前的项目，和具体的工作人员的可用性，将制定出公司的具体特点。
A materials supplier may provide materials to a general contractor in exchange for labor on another project.
一种材料的供应商可以提供材料，在另一个项目总承包劳务交换。
A pre-bid conference also allows contractors to ask questions, which will be followed up with a written response.
投标前会议还允许承包商要问的问题，这将是跟着一个书面答复
A pre-bid conference held early can be valuable to the owner. 投标前会议举行早期可业主价值。
A project that is unusual and can add variety to the company's portfolio will spark interest even if the profit margins look low.
一个项目，是不寻常的，可以添加多种公司的投资组合会引发兴趣，即使利润率很低。 A schedule of rates is very similar to bill of quantities with one major difference. 一个时间表的利率是一个主要的不同量的账单很相似。 A similar exercise is done for labor and equipment. 一个类似的运动是劳动力和设备做了。
A working knowledge of procedures involved in such a contract is an invaluable asset for all those employed, or aspiring to be employed, at management or senior supervisory level in the building industry. 一个参与这样的合同程序的工作知识是所有那些宝贵的资产，或有抱负的被聘用，管理或在建筑行业高级管理水平。
A young designer may supply architectural services in exchange for publicity and experience. 一个年轻的设计师可能会在宣传和交流经验，建筑服务供应。
Access to the site, amount of laydown area available, railroad locations, utility availability, and routes into the site are all factors that will affect how the design team formulates the documents.
访问该网站的可用数量，堆放区，铁路的位置，实用性，和路线进入网站都将影响如何设计团队制定的文件。 Addenda are competitively priced by the contractors who are bidding the job and are acknowledged on the bid form in the space provided.
附录的价格具有竞争性的招标工作的人是公认的在标书中所提供的空间商。
ADR is a voluntary process in which the parties are assisted in solving their disputes by a neutral third party without the need of a judge or arbitrator.
ADR是一个自愿的过程中，当事人是辅助解决纠纷的中立的第三方没有法官或仲裁员需要
ADR procedures unlike litigation and arbitration are not binding until a mutually agreed settlement is reached and is put in writing.
ADR程序不同于诉讼和仲裁不结合到双方同意达成和解，写。
After the documents are issued but before the bids are due, changes often need to be made. 文件发布后但在中标之前，往往需要作出改变。
All contracts must be supported by consideration. 所有的合同都必须支持的思考。
All through the design process, there will be costing of several alternatives. 在设计的过程中，会有几个备选方案的成本。
Also known as general conditions, they contain detailed clauses regarding payment to the contractor, mechanism for the application and the subsequent approval for extension of time(EOT), liquidated damages, defects liability, damage to public property, etc.
也被称为一般的条件下，它们包含了详细的条款支付给承包商，和时间的延长，随后的批准的应用机理（EOT），违约金，缺陷责任，公共财产损失，等。
Also, construction methods and materials can be worked out conceptually much earlier and be incorporated early enough to make an impact on the way in which the documents are assembled. 同时，施工方法和材料可以制定概念更早，可以使在该文档中组装的方式影响足够早的。
Also, the conciliator dose not have private meetings with the parties as in the case of mediation proceedings.
同时，调解人不与当事人有私人会议在诉讼调解案件。
Also, the evaluation of lump sum tenders is fairly simple and straightforward. 同时，总价投标的评价是相当简单和直接。
Also, the owner is often making a final review of the documents during the bid period. 同时，业主往往是投标期间制作的文件的最后审查。
Also, this procedure gives the impression of being fair since it allows virtually any contractor to bid for the job.
同时，本程序给出了因为它允许几乎任何承包商的投标工作的公正的印象。
Also, this procedure gives the impression of being fair since it allows virtually any contractor to bid for the job.
同时，本程序给出了因为它允许几乎任何承包商的投标工作的公正的印象
Also, under the “limitation ordinance’, for simple contracts the right to ‘sue’ (take legal action against another party) is within six years, whereas it is twelve years for contracts under seal. 同时，“条例”的限制下，简单的合同权利，“苏（”对另一方采取法律行动）是在六年以内，而这是十二岁，盖印契约。 Also, when a large number of contractors are asked to submit their tenders, a lot of time and effort is put into unsuccessful tenders and it proves to be a burden for the industry.
同时，当大量的承包商被要求提交标书，很多的时间和精力放在不成功的投标，这是该行业的负担。
Although examining project components according to how complex they are to build is part of value engineering, the analysis can be accomplished in a more proactive way.
虽然研究项目的组成部分，根据他们建有多么复杂是价值工程的一部分，该分析可以在一个更积极的方式完成。 Although many disputes end up in the courts, more and more parties are turning instead to alternative dispute resolution methods such as arbitration and mediation.
虽然许多纠纷最终在法庭上，越来越多的党派取而代之的替代性纠纷解决方法，如仲裁与调解。
Although not officially part of the specifications, it includes information that is relevant to the project: 虽然没有正式规范的一部分，它包括对项目相关信息：
Although the main purpose of the bill of the quantities is to assist the contractor in the preparation his
tender, it can be used for many other purposes such as preparation of interim valuations, valuations of variations and preparation of final accounts, etc.
虽然数量的账单的主要目的是协助承包商在编制招标，它可以用于许多其他用途，如临时估价的制备，变化和决算制备的估值，等。
Although the owner can devise his or her own general conditions, most prefer to use a standard version-often called the boilerplate.
虽然业主可以制定他或她自己的一般条件，最喜欢使用一个标准version-often称为样板。
Although there is always a lead designer, the product is a combination of the collaborative process and consultation with other experts.
虽然总是有一个首席设计师，该产品是由其他专家的协作过程和咨询。
Although they may repeat some of the information in the invitation to bid or on the bid form, the instructions are mostly concerned with the following:
虽然他们可能会重复一些信息在招标或招标的形式，说明主要关心的是如下：
Although tight budgets make cost reductions a fact of life, the owner needs to know exactly what he or she is buying.
虽然预算紧缩使成本降低的事实，业主需要确切地知道他或她是购买。
Although value engineering takes place throughout a project, even during construction, the most value is gained early in the process: change from one system to another will have little impact on the schedule, and the amount of redesign and redraw is minimized.
虽然发生在整个项目的价值工程，甚至在施工过程中，最有价值的过程中获得的早期：从一个系统转换到另一个会对进度的影响小，重新设计的量最小化和重绘。 Amount of the bond 债券的金额
An experienced engineer should be able to do it with a fair degree of accuracy, any tender that appears to be unusually low should be checked for error or the bidder’s misunderstanding of the contract; and the contractor selection process should lay emphasis on competence rather than price alone. 一位经验丰富的工程师应该能够以一定的精确度做，任何投标，似乎是非常低的应检查合同的错误或投标人的误解；和承包商的选择过程中应注重能力而不是单独的价格。
An offer is an expression of willingness to enter into a contract on certain terms and conditions and can be made orally, in writing, or by conduct.
要约是愿意进入某些条款和条件的合同来表达，可以口服，写作，或行为。 An offer is the first step to forming a contract. 要约是形成一个合同的第一步。
An organization usually has many competing needs for funds. 一个组织的资金通常有许多相互竞争的需求。
Another early criterion established by the owner is the required completion date. 另一个早期的准则制定由业主所需的完工日期。
Another factor that can reduce claims and disputes is adequate and proper conducted site investigations. 另一个因素，可以减少索赔和纠纷是足够的和适当的进行现场调查。
Another indicator is the makeup of the proposed team that presents itself to the owner. 另一个指标是该团队呈现给业主化妆。 Anxiety levels are high for all parties. 各方焦虑水平高。
Arbitration clause is included in the Hong Kong Standard From of Contract and provides a forum dispute resolution that is less expensive and time consuming than litigation.
仲裁条款是从合同包括在香港标准，提供了一个论坛，纠纷解决是不太昂贵的和非诉讼费时。 Arbitration is an alternative to litigation that is quite popular in the construction industry. 仲裁是一种替代诉讼，在建筑业中是很受欢迎的。
As an estimator or a scheduler, the constructor is an advisor to the team on cost issues and scheduling issues.
作为一个估计或调度，构造函数是一个顾问团队的成本问题和调度问题。
As an integral part of the design effort, the constructor examines, recommends, and researches alternatives for various materials as well as details and reviews the constructability of the project components.
作为设计工作的一个组成部分，构造函数的探讨，建议方案，研究各种材料以及详细回顾了项目施工。
As changes are made to the project, the development of the design should follow the procedure set up
during the design phase to evaluate the changes.
为使项目的变化，设计的发展应遵循建立设计阶段评估的过程中。
As far as organization choices are concerned, we have a range of contractual arrangements varying from the traditional or conventional contracts on one end of the spectrum to build-operate-transfer (BOT) contracts on the other end, which has been discussed in chapter four.
至于组织的选择有关，我们有一系列的契约安排不同于传统或常规的一端的频谱合同建设经营转让（BOT）在另一端的合同，这已经在四章介绍。
As the design becomes more detailed, however, the amount of money already invested increases; and any change has the potential to be costly.
作为设计变得更加详细，但是，钱已经投入量的增加而提高；任何改变都可能是昂贵的。
As their name implies, these conditions are general in nature and apply to any construction project. 顾名思义，这些条件是一般性的，适用于任何建筑工程。
Aside from being professionally discourteous and creating real liability concerns, interfering too much in design decisions can create mistrust among the project team members and affect how they interact with each other.
除了专业的无礼和建立真正的责任问题，干扰太多的设计决策，可以创建的项目团队成员之间的不信任和对它们如何相互作用。
Aside from the profit motive, companies may bid on projects for other reasons. 除了利润动机，公司可能会因其他原因项目的投标。
At a later date, family members may claim that the owner lacked capacity and, therefore, the contract cannot be enforced.
在以后的日子里，家庭成员可能会声称业主缺乏能力，因此，该合同不能强制执行。
At each of these points, the constructor produces a schedule, an estimate, and review comments that look specifically at construction-related and contractual issues.
在每一个点，构造函数产生一个时间表，估计，和评论，看看具体建设相关的合同问题。
At some point, too little layering of subcontractors affects both the price received from the contracting market and the ability to get the job done efficiently.
在一些点，太少的分层分包商的影响价格从承包市场接收和高效率地做好工作的能力。
At the end of schematic design, however, it is important to employ a construction professional to develop costs.
在原理图设计，然而最终，它是采用施工的专业开发成本的重要。
At the same time, the owner needs to understand fully the rationale for certain design choices so that, when the time comes for acceptance or rejection of a specific proposal, that rationale is weighed appropriately.
同时，业主需要充分了解一定的设计选择这样的理由，当时间来接受或拒绝特定的提议，理由是适当的，重。 At the time, the contractor notices that the owner is forgetful and perhaps eccentric, but thinks nothing of it.
同时，承包商通知业主很健忘，也许偏心，但认为这没什么。
At this stage alternate project configuration schemes (such as high-rise versus low-rise, steel versus concrete, rectangular versus square floor plate) are discussed along with alternatives for mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems.
在这一阶段交替的项目配置方案（如高层与低层，钢与混凝土，矩形和方形底板）一起讨论的机械，电气和管道系统的替代品。
At this stage, long-lead items are identified, and those that must be prepurchased to arrive on site in time are developed on an accelerated schedule.
在这个阶段，很长的项目，是确定的，和那些必须prepurchased现场及时到达是在加速计划。
Award of the contract can be as simple as accepting the lowest bidder, and in the end it often is this simple.
奖项的合同可以接受出价最低的承包商一样简单，最后它往往是简单的。
B
Based on terms of payment, construction contracts can being either ‘price-based’ or ‘cost-based’. 根据付款条款，施工合同可以是“价格”或“成本”。
Because contracts under seal need to be in writing, a form of contract is necessary. 因为盖印契约需要书面形式的合同是必要的。
Because costs are spread over a number of years, the value of money needs to be leveled to make the comparison accurate.
因为成本分摊在数年，钱的价值需要平整做出比较准确的。
Because different parties are assembling the plans and specifications, inconsistencies are possible. 因为不同的党派是装配计划和规格，不一致是可能的。
Because most complex projects run for several years, developing a schedule gives the funding agency a sense of how much money will have to be committed on a yearly basis.
因为最复杂的项目运行几年来，发展计划提供资助机构有多少钱，将上一年度的基础上，致力于。
Because the owner has to bear most of the risks (cost overruns, delays, claims, etc.) as there is no incentive for the contractor to perform in an efficient and effective manner, it can be said that this is one of the major disadvantages of such a type of contract. 因为主人要承担大部分的风险（成本超支，延期，索赔，等。）因为没有承包商在一个高效和有效的方式进行激励，可以说，这是一个这样的合同类型的主要缺点。
Before a commitment is made to a specific scope of work and a budget, the owner often does a feasibility study to look at several options.
在承诺了一个特定的工作范围、预算，业主经常做可行性研究，看看几个选项。
Before a company is awarded a job, even if it is the low bidder, it will likely be put through a qualification process.
在一个公司获得一份工作，即使是低的投标人，它可能会通过资格认证的过程。
Before an owner's organization makes a formal commitment to a project, the owner needs justification for the requested level of funding.
在业主的组织作出正式承诺项目，业主需要资金的要求水平的理由。
Before design can begin, the team must learn about conditions at the site. 设计开始之前，球队必须在现场了解情况。
Before this analysis can be applied, assumptions are made about the desired levels of quality in the building, the program constraints, and future projections of the cost of money.
在这之前的分析可以应用，假设的期忚的质量水平，在建设中，程序的限制，以及资金成本预测未来。 Best value is not an inherent property. 最有价值的不是一个固有的特性。
Between the time of the bid opening and the signing of an agreement, there should be no changes to the scope of work.
在开标和签订协议的时间之间，不应该有任何变化，工作范围。
Bid documents can usually be picked up at the architect's or construction manager's office, but there may be a centrally located plan room as well.
投标文件通常可以拿起在设计师或施工经理的办公室，但有可能是一个位于中心的计划，以及房间。 Bid due date 投标日期
Bidding can be an intense period in the project. 招标项目可以在激烈的时期。
Bids often come in with information missing: for example, receipt and acknowledgment of addenda, signatures, exclusions that mean they haven't addressed all the conditions.
常来与投标信息丢失的：例如，接受及承认补遗，签名，不意味着他们没有处理所有的条件。 Bonds. 债券。
Breaking work into individual bid packages is best done using the services of a construction manager. 工作分解成单独的投标是最好使用建筑经理的服务。
But if the bidding process is handled well, the probability of a successful project is good. 但如果招标过程处理的好，项目成功的概率是很好的。
But if the schedule is paramount, fast tracking can be of great benefit. 但如果计划是至关重要的，快速的跟踪可以有很大的好处。
But such a system may have a longer projected life than a conventional system, may burn fuel more efficiently, may not need as much maintenance, and may use a cheaper fuel source.
但是，这样的系统可能有一个更长的预期寿命比传统的系统，可以更有效地燃烧燃料，可能不需要太多的维修，并可以使用廉价的燃料源。
But this factor must be weighed with the ability to manage and coordinate a large number of subcontractors directly.