暖通空调的分包商标志着他或她自己的工作百分之20，金属片的分包商标志着他或她自己的工作百分之20，和机械的分包商提出百分之10个最重要的数字覆盖协调指导暖通分包商的工作成本。
The impositions of contracts which are biased in favor of the employer are not recommended. 不推荐使用是有偏见的雇主有利于合同的负担。
The independent and impartial advisor takes control of the proceedings and acts as an advisor to the parties in dispute.
独立、公正的顾问需要的程序和控制是在争端各方顾问。
The ingredients are different for different firms, however. 成分是不同的公司不同，然而。
The instructions to bidders are usually bound in the specifications. 投标人须知通常被绑定在规格。
The invitation to bid is a request for pricing. 招标是一种请求定价。
The location of the project. 工程项目的位置。
The low bidder may be too far from the other bidders, raising the suspicion that he or she has missed something.
低投标人可从其他投标人的太远，提高怀疑他或她错过了什么。
The main advantage for this type of contract is that the work can be out to tender before the design is fully completed.
这种合同的主要优点是，工作可以进行招标设计之前全部完成。
The major advantage of this type of contract is that there is a high degree of certainly about the final price from the beginning.
这类合同的主要优点是，有高度的肯定对最终的价格从一开始。
The major advantage of using type of contract is that it can be used in projects which are of an emergency nature such as remedial works, retrofitting and renovating projects, where the character and the scope of the project cannot be easily determined, or where new technology is being used.
使用的合同类型的主要优点是，它可以用在这是紧急性质如补救工程，改造和翻新工程，其中字符和项目范围不易确定，或在新技术的使用。
The manager has only to update the qualifications for the final list of bidders after review with the owner. 经理只更新投标人的最终名单资格审查后，与业主。
The mechanical markup is saved if the work is parceled out separately to a sheet metal contractor. 机械的标记是如果工作将分别对钣金承包商保存。
The mediator plays an active role by putting forward suggestions and encouraging discussions on key issues.
调解员提出建议和鼓励对关键问题的讨论起着积极的作用。
The method of assembling the bidding documents is normally determined early in the design process with the help of the construction professional.
将投标文件的方法通常是确定在设计过程的早期的建筑专业人士的帮助。
The modification of some of the standard clauses, or the addition of special clauses, should only be made in exceptional cases.
一些标准的条款的修改，或另外的特殊条款，只应在特殊情况下。
The most common claims submitted by the contractor during the process of the contract are claims for fluctuations, delays, extension of time, and direct loss and/or expense.
最常见的索赔承包人提交的合同的过程中要求的波动，延迟，延长时间，和直接经济损失及/或费用。 The most common reason is the need to correct simple mistakes in the bidding documents. 最常见的原因是需要正确的投标文件中简单的错误。
The most discernable impact comes at the end of schematics and early in the design development phase. 最可辨别的影响是在原理图和设计发展的早期阶段结束
The normal procedure is to redesign or reduce scope until the project's budget is on target. 正常的程序是设计或减少直到项目的预算范围的目标是。
The number of bidders varies but generally is between five and seven for each major trade. 投标人的数量不同，但一般是五和七之间的每个主要的贸易。 The owner can also reject the bid. 业主也可以拒绝投标
The owner has the option of allowing this but usually asks the other bidders in contention to rebid based
on the substitution.
业主已经让这个选项，但通常要求其他投标人的竞争在基于替代再叫。 The owner is also going to be interested in fees. 老板也会感兴趣的费用。
The owner may eject to test the market with the higher estimate, hoping that competitive pressure will drive the price down.
业主可以弹出与更高的估计市场的考验，希忚竞争的压力会把价格降下来。
The owner may want to describe the circumstances under which the bid would be disqualified or explain under what circumstances the contractor could withdraw the bid.
业主可能要描述的情况下，投标将被取消资格或解释在什么情况下，承包人可以撤回投标。
The owner usually prepares it with the assistance of the designer or construction manager. 业主通常准备协助设计师或施工经理。
The package is divided into three general sections-bidding, contractual, and technical-each of which is made up of many subsections.
包分为三部分招标一般，合同，技术都是由许多小节。
The party that initiates the legal proceeding against the other party is called the ‘plaintiff’ and the party against whom the legal action is taken is called the ‘defendant’. 党发起反对另一方的法律程序被称为“原告的人采取法律行动称为“被告”。
The party that makes the offer to do or not to do something is called the ‘offeror’ and the party to which the offer is made is called the ‘offeree’.
党使主动提出做或不做某事是被称为“要约”和党所提供了被称为“要约”。 The process is known as ‘prequalification’. 这个过程被称为“资格预审”。
The project may not fit the profile of available work force in the region. 项目可能不适合该地区劳动力分布。
The project team uses this as a guide through early design discussion and, by preparing estimates, tests it at specific points in the development of the project.
项目团队使用这个作为一个指南，通过早期设计的探讨，通过制备的估计，测试它在项目开发中的特定点。
The purpose of the contract documents is to provide sufficient information about the project to the prospective bidders.
合同文件的目的是提供关于项目的潜在竞购者足够的信息。
The purpose of the general conditions is to establish the legal responsibilities, obligations, authority, and rights of all parties involved in the project.
一般条款的目的是要建立的法律责任，义务，权力，和项目的参与各方的权利。
The same is true if subcontractors have to hire others to do part of their work. 同样是真实的如果分包商不得不雇用别人来做他们的工作的一部分。 The size of the project. 项目的规模。
The skill in assembling these packages is to identify the right amount and combination of work activities so that there is maximum competitive interest but minimum layering of subcontractors and vendors. 在安装这些包的技能鉴定工作的活动，所以有最大的竞争利益但最低层次的分包商和供应商的适当组合。 The standardization of construction documents has evolved over time. 施工资料标准化已经随着时间的演变。
The strengths of ADR are cost savings, better control of whole process, mutually agreed decision, continuity of business relationships and confidentiality as the whole process is carried out in private. ADR的优点是节省成本，更好地控制整个过程中，双方同意的决策，业务关系和保密性作为整个过程是私下进行。 The structural engineer may opt to alter the design if the construction manager identifies less costly methods.
结构工程师可以选择如果施工经理确定成本更低的方法修改设计。
The subcontractors do material takeoffs from the drawings and specifications that result In the quantities required on the job.
分包商做材料起飞，在工作所需的大量结果的图纸和规格。
The technical information is presented in two formats: drawings and specifications. 此技术信息两种格式：图纸和规格。
The three most common methods of selecting a contractor are the open tendering, selective tendering and the negotiated tendering procedures.
选择一个承包商三个最常用的方法是公开招标，邀请招标和议标程序。
The total of the costs of materials plus labor plus equipment is the direct cost of the work. 的材料和劳动力。加上设备的总成本是工作的直接成本。
The trick for the owner is to make sure he or she has this team assigned to this project. 为业主的诀窍是确保他或她这个团队分配给这个项目。 The trick is predicting just how much more. 关键是预测到底有多。
The unit cost is established by talking with vendors and suppliers-for example, determining the board-foot price of lumber or the cost for a fan coil unit.
单位成本是由例如供应商建立了确定说，木材或风机盘管机组成本板英尺价格。
The unit rate contract incorporates a “bill of quantities” or “schedule of rates”. 这个单价合同包括“比尔的数量或单价表”。
Their expertise is in construction-related issues, and in this capacity they affect design decisions but do not make them.
他们的专长是在建设的相关问题，并在这方面的能力影响的设计决策，但不要让他们。
Their responsibility is to advise the design team, not to intrude on architectural or engineering decisions. 他们的职责是向设计团队，不去打扰的建筑或工程决策。
There are a number of drawbacks to fast-tracking a project, the biggest of which is the potential for changes as other related parts of the design are fully developed.
有许多缺陷的快速跟踪项目，其中最大的是变化的潜在的设计等相关部位得到充分的开发
There are many versions of this standard language-for example, those of the Associated General Contractors, FIDIC, the American Society of Civil Engineers, to name a few.
有如本标准的语言版本很多，那些相关的总承包商，FIDIC，美国土木工程师学会，等等。 There are traditional points of review. 有点回顾传统
There are two methods of qualifying bidders: pre-bid and post-bid qualification. 有两种方法：合格的投标人的投标前和后的投标资格
There are, in practice, several private forms that have been established by the large industrial corporations for their own use.
还有，在实践中，一些私人的形式，都是由大型工业企业建立自己的使用。
There is a continual interaction that produces ideas and tests concepts and finally results in a refined plan.
有一个产生想法和测试的概念和最后结果在一个精致的计划不断的互动。 Traditionally, construction professionals were not part of this team. 传统上，施工人员没有这个团队的一部分
There is much value to the owner in getting as much good advice as possible early in the project. 有很多业主价值得到更好的建议尽可能在项目的早期。
There may also be additional general instructions or a change in the bid date. 也有可能是额外的一般指示或在投标日期的变化
There may be a sudden glut of projects on the market. 可能会有一个突然的大量项目的市场
Therefore, if legal provisions are stated here, they need to be repeated in the contract documents. 因此，如果法律规定在这里说，他们需要在合同文件重复
Therefore, value engineering works best as a collaborative team effort. 因此，价值工程的工作最好的协作团队的努力
These analyses can be accomplished through a life-cycle cost analysis. 这些分析可以通过生命周期成本分析的实现
These are sometimes called supplementary conditions or special provisions of the contract. 这些有时被称为合同的补充条件或特殊规定
These are the field indirect costs of the work. 这些领域的工作，间接成本
These delays are also due to the failure of the architect in supplying the construction drawings, site instructions, and other details.
这些延迟是由于提供施工图纸，建筑师的故障的现场指示，和其他细节
These documents lay out in increasing detail the scope of the project. 这些文件放在增加详细的项目范围
These include investigations of local conditions, construction practices, labor markets, and the site with its surrounding conditions.
这些包括调查当地的条件，施工实践，劳动力市场，并与周围的场地条件
These often tie the subcontractors to the conditions of the contract as laid out in the bid documents. 这些常常把分包合同的规定在招标文件的条件
These plot plans are public records and can be picked up at local town offices. 这些阴谋计划是公共记录，可以拿起当地办事处
These quantities are then multiplied by the unit cost. 这些量乘以单位成本
These studies are usually prepared with the assistance of professional consultants whose skills depend on the scope of study and when it is done.
这些研究通常与专业顾问的能力取决于研究范围的援助和何时做准备 These tasks are best handled by construction professionals. 这些任务最好由专业施工
These two different formats (one graphic, one narrative) do not exist independently but as a unit. 这两个不同的格式（一个图形，一个叙事）不独立作为一个单元的存在
These types of contracts are basically a slight variation of the cost reimbursable contracts. 这些类型的合同基本上是一个轻微的变化的成本补偿合同
They also include a definition of the “terms” used in the contract so that there is no ambiguity about the identity of the parties.
他们还包括一个“条款”中使用的合同，没有歧义的双方身份的定义
They are also of immense help to the quantity surveyor in preparing the bills of quantities. 他们也有巨大的帮助，工料测量师编制工程量清单
They are also used for record purposed and can be a valuable tool in resolving disputes between the different parties in case of some confusion,
也用于记录一般可以解决一些混乱情况下，各方之间争议的一个有价值的工具
They are based upon measuring the actual quantities of work that has been carried out by the contractor and then applying the rates quoted by the contractor in his bid.
他们是基于测量工作的实际数量已由承包商进行再利用率在投标承包商报价。
They are documents in which all the bidders are furnished identical information on the unique feature of the work and detailed instructions on the procedures to be followed in submitting bids (tenders). 他们中的所有投标人提供相同的信息在工作和对程序的详细说明独特的特征是在提交投标文件（投标）之后 They are intended to supplement the general conditions and are project-specific. 他们的目的是补充的一般条件和具体项目
They are prepared from the drawings/specifications and fully describe the work that has to be carried out.
他们是从图纸/规格准备充分的描述，必须开展的工作 They are referred to as ‘force majeure’. 他们被称为“天灾”
They are the communication link among all parties in the project. 他们的通信链路的各方在项目
They are the graphic presentation of the extent and details of the works that are to be actually constructed on site.
他们都是工程的范围和细节是现场施工图示
They are used to communicate the designer’s ideas about the construction methods and sequence to the contractors.
他们是用来沟通，对承包商的施工方法和顺序的设计师的想法
They are used to describe the nature, quality, and class of materials and workmanship required and state any constraints as to the methods of construction so as to control the quality of all end products in the work
他们是用来描述的性质，质量，和类的材料和工艺要求和国家的任何约束作为施工方法等工作中的所有最终产品的质量控制
They can also be utilized in the placement of orders for materials and equipment. 他们也可以用在对材料和设备订货。
They define generally the constraints under which the work is to be undertaken, the contractual relationship between the client and contractor, the rights and responsibilities of the client and the
contractor, the powers of the engineer and their limitations, etc.
他们定义了一般约束下工作的进行，业主和承包商之间的合同关系，业主和承包商的权利和责任，工程师的权力和限制，等。
They do not, however, form a part of the contract. 他们不这样做，然而，构成本合同的一部分
They include events such as the outbreak of war, epidemics, and major natural catastrophes such as earthquakes, cyclones, etc.
他们包括事件，如战争，爆发流行，和重大自然灾害如地震，飓风，等。
They influence early estimates of the project and alert the design team if special instructions must be included in the documents.
他们会影响项目的早期估计和警觉的设计团队如果特殊说明中必须包括的文件。
They most common types of specifications used in the construction industry are the design specifications, technical specifications, product specifications.
他们最常见的类型，用于建筑行业规范的设计规范，技术规范，产品规格。
They need to be supplemented by either detailed specifications or a bill of quantities. 他们需要补充的是详细的规格或数量的账单
They require identification as early as possible since the designer must accelerate this portion of the design and isolate the bid package to separate it from the rest of the work that is proceeding at a specific pace.
他们需要识别尽早从设计师必须加速这一部分的设计和投标包分离从其余的工作，是在一个特定的速度进行独立的 This agreement must also be enforceable by law. 这个协定还必须依法强制执行。
This analysis will lead to a recommendation to the owner about the best project delivery method. 这种分析将导致一个推荐的最佳项目交付方法的主人
This assignment minimizes risk to the owner, who could, in other arrangements, be liable for any defects or responsible for delivery coordination.
该任务将风险最小化的主人，谁可以，其他的安排，是任何缺陷或负责送货协调责任
This can be more expensive for the designer since the work will be out of sequence within the production structure.
这可以更昂贵的设计师因为工作会出序列在生产结构。
This chapter will discuss topics such as meaning of a contract, from of contract, types of contract, contractual claims, and resolution of disputes.
本章将讨论的话题，如合同的含义，从合同，合同类型，合同索赔，及争议的解决。
This clears the way for straightforward negotiations between the owner and the contractor concerning terms of the agreement.
这为业主和有关的协议条款，承包商之间的直接谈判扫清道路。
This contract includes an agreement, general conditions, special conditions, sample of bond (if required), insurance requirements, and a sample insurance form.
本合同包括一项协议，一般条件，特殊情况下，样品的债券（如果需要），保险需求，保险单和样品。 This could affect their price if they have to get labor from a distance. 这可能要从远处把劳动影响他们的价格。
This ensures that all bids are properly prepared and delivered so that they can be evaluated on the same criteria.
这保证了所有的出价是适当的准备和交付使他们可以在同一标准评价 This gives everyone more options. 这给每个人更多的选择
This helps the contractor staff the bid correctly so that all prices can be gathered in the allotted time. 这有助于承包商人员的正确的投标，价格可以聚集在分配的时间
This includes information about the size of the site, existing structures, existing roads or rights-of-way, easements, and the compass points.
这包括关于网站的大小，现有的结构信息，现有道路或道路通行权的，地役权，和指南针。
This is a breakdown of how the work will be accomplished as it relates to availability of labor and materials.
这是一个细分的工作将如何它涉及劳动和材料准备完成
This is a process where the disputes between the parties are resolved through the ‘court’. 这是一个过程，当事人之间的争议得到解决通过“法院”