there is no consideration and, therefore, no contract.
然而,如果一个电工提供服务,而不期忚的付款或任何其他补偿,没有考虑,因此,没有合同。
However, information is also needed about acceptable manufacturers, operational and maintenance criteria, requirements for submittals, warranties, and spare parts, which is better addressed in a narrative form.
然而,信息还需要对可接受的制造商、运营和维护标准,要求提交,保证备件,更好的叙述形式解决。
However, it potentially limits the owner from putting the project out as a lump sum bid to general contractors.
然而,这可能限制了业主从项目将作为一次性总承包商。
However, it should be done close enough to the bid dates so that the information is applicable, especially information regarding current projects.
然而,它应该做足够接近投标日期,以便适用的信息,特别是有关当前项目的信息。 However, many factors come into play when bids are received. 然而,许多因素都要考虑到当收到报价。
However, the “conciliation” plays more of a passive role once he explained the points of views of the one party to another.
然而,“调解”扮演一个被动的角色一旦他解释的观点的一方到另一个地方。
However, the contract may call for the designer to resolve the conflict. 然而,该合同可能要求设计师来解决冲突。
However, the down side of this is that the final cost of the project is not known until the project is completed in all respects.
然而,向下的一面是,项目的最终成本是未知的,直到项目完成后在各方面。
However, the fit among team members can be fully understood only after the team is assembled and has been working together.
然而,团队成员之间的配合才能完全理解后,组装和团队已经一起工作。
However, the general contractor markup is saved if the work is packaged. 然而,总承包商保存标记是否打包工作。
However, these are only estimates of the work, not the real pricing. 然而,这些只是估计的工作,而不是真实的价格。
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Ideally, the best method is to engage two cost consultants: one familiar with the designer's work, one familiar with the construction marketplace.
理想情况下,最好的方法是让两个成本顾问:一个熟悉设计师的工作,一个熟悉的建筑市场。 Ideally, the team members will have some experience working together as a team. 理想情况下,团队成员一起工作作为一个团队将有一些经验。
Ideally, there should be a good cross-section of experience levels. 理想情况下,应该有一个良好的横截面的经验水平。
If a project has the ingredients necessary to return a good profit, the motivation to bid is high. 如果一个项目有必要成分返回一个好的利润,出价高的动机。
If an addendum comes late in the bidding period, the bid time might be extended. 如果一个附录是在投标期间,投标时间可能会延长。
If analyzed only on first cost, however, the unconventional system would have been rejected. 然而,如果只在最初成本分析,非传统的系统会遭到拒绝。
If changes are needed, they will be treated as changes to the contract after the initial negotiations are complete.
如果改变是必要的,他们将被视为变更合同谈判完成后。
If he or she is looking for preconstruction services only, the constructor can give a lump sum fee based on a specified scope of work.
如果他或她只是寻找分段装配服务,构造函数可以给一个总费用根据指定的工作范围。
If it cannot, the owner has the choice of paying a premium for accelerating the schedule or backing off on the desired scope of the project, perhaps completing it in phases.
如果它不能,业主支付溢价的选择加快进度或支持所需的项目范围,也许完成阶段。
If it wants to establish a relationship with a new client or maintain one with an established client, a company may bid on a less profitable project.
如果它想与新客户建立关系与建立或维持一个客户端,一个公司可能对一个低利润的项目投标。 If most of the team is older, they may have too much old-school thinking. 如果大部分的团队,他们可能有太多的传统思维。
If most team members are young, they do not have much collective experience. 如果大多数团队成员都很年轻,他们没有太多的集体经验。
If the arbitrators fail to concur to a decision, a third person called an ‘umpire’ is appointed to break the deadlock.
如果仲裁员未能一致决定,第三人称为“裁判”任命为打破僵局。
If the construction professional has been hired for the construction as well as the preconstruction work, he or she will also, in this same time frame, be planning for the construction activities. 如果施工专业一直聘请施工以及分段装配工作,他或她也会,在同样的时间内,计划建设活动。
If the constructor is part of the discussions during design, however, these complexities can be identified and simpler solutions developed.
如果构造函数在设计讨论的一部分,然而,这些复杂性可以被识别和更简单的解决方案开发。
If the contractor identifies such an item, he or she should ask for clarification from the designer or call it out as a qualification in the bid form itself.
如果承包商确定这样一个项目,他或她应该从设计师要求澄清或称之为资格投标形式本身。
If the decision has been made to keep the building, the next question is how extensive the renovation needs to be to meet expectations.
如果决定建筑,接下来的问题是如何广泛翻新需要满足的期忚。
If the designer is an equal partner in the process, this feeling is minimized. 如果设计师是一个平等的合作伙伴在这个过程中,这种感觉是最小化。
If the owner elects to wait until the bidding period to hire the builder, the designer will likely hire a construction consultant to assist with construction-related issues.
如果业主选择等到招标期间雇佣建设者,设计师可能会雇佣一个建筑顾问协助国会的问题。
If the owner is also looking for construction services, the constructor will have to understand the delivery method that is intended, the cost of the work, and the schedule before giving a fee. 如果业主也在寻找建设服务,构造函数必须理解交付方法,目的是,之前的成本工作,安排费用。
If the owner wants to save time, he or she might opt to send the contractor a letter of intent. 如果老板想要节省时间,他或她可能会选择把承包商意向书。
If the parties make any changes to these Articles of Agreement or to any other part of the contract, then both parties should acknowledge this alteration.
当事人对这些文章进行任何更改的协议或其他任何合同的一部分,然后双方应该承认这个改变。
If the percentage increase or decrease is less than 10%, no adjustment to the contract sum is made. If the percentage increase or decrease is greater than 10%, the contract sum should be adjusted by the amount that the percentage exceeds 10%.
如果增加或减少的百分比小于10%,没有调整合同金额。如果增加或减少的百分比大于10%,应该调整合同金额的比例超过10%。
In this procedure, practically any contractor can submit his bid for the job. 在这个过程中,任何承包商可以提交他的竞选工作。
If the project has a high publicity quotient or benefits the community, the company may view it as a marketing strategy.
如果项目有很高的社区宣传商或福利,公司可以把它作为一种营销策略。
If the project is being let out as individual work packages, the construction manager may, as part of the invitation to bid, include a date to meet with contractors, subcontractors, material suppliers, and manufacturers before the bid date to ensure that each understands the components of the documents. 如果项目被作为单独的工作包发出,施工经理可以作为招标的一部分,包含一个日期与承包商、分包商、材料供应商和制造商投标日期前确保每个了解组件的文件。
If the project is not staying within the budget, the owner can opt to increase the amount of money committed to the project or can direct the team to redesign until it meets the budget objectives. 如果项目没有呆在预算,业主可以选择增加的资金承诺项目或可以直接团队重新设计,直到满足预算目标。
If the purpose of the study is simply to evaluate the market, identify the lending rates, and find the owner's financial fit, the owner will likely do the study with a financial advisor.
如果这项研究的目的是评估市场,确定贷款利率,并找到主人的金融健康,老板可能会做研究的财务顾问。 If the staff has to travel any distance, there will be additional costs. 如果员工有任何旅行的距离,将会有额外的成本。
If the study economically evaluates different design solutions (such as renovating an existing facility or removing it and building a new one), then a construction professional might supply services to either the architect or the owner.
如果研究经济评估不同的设计方案(例如更新或删除现有的设施和建立一个新的),那么一个建筑专业可能供应服务架构师或所有者。
If the study is programmatic (perhaps an investigation of what can fit on a particular lot), then an architect is best suited for the task.
如果学习编程(也许能适合在一个特定的调查很多),然后架构师最适合这个任务。
If the work is put together incorrectly, there may be little interest in bidding, or the bids will come in high. 如果工作是放在一起不正确,可能很少有兴趣投标或报价会高。
If there is a general contractor as well, the work gets marked up another 10 percent. 如果有一个总承包商,标记另一个10%的工作。
If these are required, the owner needs to let the contractor know. 如果这些要求,业主需要通知承包商。
If this is too costly for the owner, then the construction professional can comment on the estimates produced by the designers.
如果这是老板太贵,那么建设专业可以评论估计产生的设计师。
If this work is not parceled out to the subcontractors, there may be a change order or a dispute over who will perform the work.
如果这不是分配到分包商工作,可能会有更改订单或者纠纷将执行这项工作。
If unforeseen ground conditions are revealed at a later stage, they can be disastrous to the overall project aim and objectives.
如果不可预见的地面条件显示在稍后的阶段,他们可以是灾难性的整个项目的目的和目标。 Improper packaging of the work. 包装不当的工作。
In a large number of cases, this category of delays has been quite predominant. 在大量的情况下,这类延迟相当主要。
In a slower economic market, the contractor may have to bid on less desirable work. 在较慢的经济市场,承包商可能不得不投标不理想的工作。
In a strong economic market, contractors are more able to choose which projects to bid on. 在强劲的经济市场,承包商更能选择哪些项目投标。
In a traditional delivery method, this can lead to project components that are difficult to install, adding costs to the project as the constructor struggles to work out the details, affecting the overall schedule, and possibly creating unsafe working conditions.
在传统的交付方法,这可能导致项目很难安装的组件,添加成本项目作为构造函数努力工作细节,影响整体进度,并可能产生不安全的工作条件。
In a value engineering process the owner should be buying an item or system of equal value to another proposed system.
在价值工程过程所有者应该购买一个项目或系统同等价值的另一个提议的系统。
In addition to avoid the costs and bad will that result from dispute resolution of any sort, participants are incorporating preventive measures such as partnering and alternative project delivery strategies into their projects to reduce the risks inherent in the construction projects of today.
除了避免成本和坏将从任何形式的纠纷解决结果,参与者将预防措施,如合作和替代项目交付策略纳入项目降低风险中固有的今天的建设项目。
In addition, all parties to a contract must have the capacity to contract. 此外,合同各方必须有能力的合同。
In addition, each party to the contract must have the capacity to enter into the contract. 此外,合同各方必须有能力进入合同。
In addition, he or she requires ongoing checks on costs, schedule, and constructability. 此外,他或她需要持续的检查成本、进度和施工能力。
In addition, these bid packages are either fast-tracked or released simultaneously. 此外,这些投标包快速或同时发布。
In all cases, the owner has the right to reject or accept the bids. 在所有情况下,业主有权拒绝或接受报价。
In case the owner is uncertain about his needs, the architect can incorporate a certain degree of flexibility in the design to cater for possible option.
如果老板不确定对他的需求,架构师可以将一定程度的灵活性的设计,以满足可能的选项。
In cases where the main contractor has to increase his expenditure on some items of work due to disruption and variation to achieve similar results, they are known as ‘expense’.
在这种情况下,主承包商增加了一些项目支出的工作由于干扰和变化来达到类似的结果,他们被称为“费用”。
In construction procurement, an invitation to bid is usually not considered to be an offer, but merely an invitation to make an offer.
在建设采购、招标通常不被认为是要约,但仅仅是邀请报价。
In cost reductions he or she is accepting something of less value or less scope to save money. 在降低成本,他或她接受一些有价值的东西或少范围来省钱。
In design development, the project, which has been approved at the end of schematic design, is detailed. 在设计开发,该项目已经批准的方案设计,详细。
In either case, qualification is determined by evidence of capability from previous jobs, financial strength and stability, previous commitments, personnel availability, and safety record.
在这两种情况下,资格是由从先前的工作能力的证据,财务实力和稳定,之前的承诺,人员可用性和安全记录。
In either case, the owner takes part in selecting the subcontractors chosen to bid and in awarding the contract.
在这两种情况下,业主选择分包商选择参加投标和授予合同。
In Hong Kong, for example, we have the Hong Kong Standard Form of Contract (issued by the Hong Kong Institute of Architects) for use in the private sector.
例如,在香港,我们香港标准形式的合同(香港建筑师学会颁发的)用于私营部门。
In Hong Kong, the Hong Kong Standard Form allows for increases or decreases in wage rates only by the provisions of a relevant clause.
在香港,香港标准形式允许增加或减少工资率只有规定的相关条款。
In most cases, neither the designer nor the construction manager is hired for a project during a feasibility study.
在大多数情况下,无论是设计还是施工经理雇用期间为项目可行性研究。
In most cases, the prices of materials and wages increase because of inflationary effects. 在大多数情况下,材料的价格和工资增加,因为通胀效应。
In most cases, the project does not get bid if these estimates come in higher than the money available to complete the job.
在大多数情况下,这个项目没有得到报价如果这些估计高于资金来完成这项工作。
In must be understood that setting realistic target costs are not very simple and care must be taken in this exercise.
必须明白设定现实的目标成本不是很简单,在这个练习必须小心。 In other words neither party has any control of the situation. 换句话说,任何一方有任何控制的情况。
In renovation projects, the first issue to resolve is whether the building should be torn down or retained. 在改造项目中,要解决的第一个问题是建筑是否应该被拆除或保留。
In such a case, the electricians is providing the service as a “favor” or “gift” and cannot be sued for breach of contract if he or she fails to perform.
在这种情况下,是电工提供的服务作为一个“忙”或“礼物”,不能被起诉违反合同,如果他或她不履行。 In such cases, their expertise has some effect on the ultimate design. 在这种情况下,他们的专业技能有一些影响最终的设计。
In the case of a corporate party, a contract must be authorized by an officer or the board of directors, depending on its relative size and magnitude.
在企业方的情况下,合同必须由一名军官授权或董事会,根据其相对规模和重要性。
In the case of construction contracts, the contractor makes the offer through the ‘form of tender’ and the client (owner, employer) issues the formal acceptance by way of a letter.
建筑合同的情况下,承包商将提供通过“投标书”和客户端(老板、雇主)问题的正式验收通过一封信。
In the cast of a building contract, this is an agreement under which the builder, commonly referred to as the contractor, undertakes for reward to carry out building works for the building owner, commonly referred to as either the client or employer.
演员的建筑合同,这是一个协议,构建器,通常被称为承包商,进行奖励进行建筑工程的业主,通常被称为客户端或雇主。
In the construction management mode of project delivery, the subcontractors may be contracted directly to either the owner or the construction manager.
In the cost plus fluctuating fee contract, the percentage of fee is progressively reduced as the prime costs increase.
在施工管理的项目交付方式,分包商可以直接向业主或施工经理。在成本加费用波动合同,费用的比例逐渐减少,成本增加的主要原因。
In the cost plus percentage fee contract, the contractor is reimbursed (paid) the actual cost of material, labor, and equipment (prime costs) along with a predetermined percentage of these costs. In the cost plus fixed fee contract, the prime costs are reimbursed to the contractor plus a fixed fee regardless of the prime costs.
成本加成比例收费合同,承包商是报销(支付)材料的实际成本,劳动力和设备(主要成本)以及一个预先确定的这些成本的百分比。成本加固定费用合同,主要成本是补偿承包商外加一个固定的费用无论主要成本。
In the former, quantities of work are not provided and the contractors are asked to insert rates for the listed items of work.
在前,大量的工作和不提供承包商被要求插入率上市项目的工作。
In the former, the contractors are asked to submit documents to show the types and scope of work they have undertake in the past, and their technical, financial and managerial capabilities.
在前者,要求承包商提交的文件显示的类型和工作范围进行在过去,和他们的技术、财务和管理能力。
In the second case, the list is usually prepared from the experience of the owners and the consultants regarding the different contractors who are active in that area of work.
在第二种情况下,列表通常是准备从业主和顾问的经验对于不同的承包商是活跃在这一领域的工作。
In the selective tendering procedure, normally 5-7 contractors are invited to submit their bids for the intended project.
在选择性招标程序,通常5 - 7承包商被邀请投标的项目。
In these cases, long-term goals concerning client relationships or community recognition outweigh the short-term goal of profits.
在这些情况下,有关客户关系或社区长期目标识别大于短期利润的目标。
In these types of contracts, the total actual cost of materials, plant, and labor are recorded. To this amount a percentage is usually added to cover the contractor’s management costs, overheads, and profits.
在这些类型的合同,材料的实际总成本,工厂,和劳动被记录。这个金额比例通常是添加到支付承包商的管理费用,管理费用和利润。
In this procedure, practically any contractor can submit his bid for the job. 在这个过程中,任何承包商可以提交他的竞选工作。
In this process, an ‘arbitrator’ chosen by the parties themselves, settles a formal dispute. 在这个过程中,一个仲裁员由当事人自己选择,解决一个正式的纠纷。
In this way, not only can obligations be clearly specified but, more importantly, the rights of each party can also be safeguarded under the law.
通过这种方式,不仅可以义务被明确指定,但更重要的是,每一方的权利也可以依法维护。
Individuals must be of legal age (in most cases, eighteen) and they must also be sound mind. 个人必须是法定年龄(在大多数情况下,十八岁),他们还必须心智健全。
Information is usually only shown in one of the two places; however, both deal with the same components. 所示信息通常只有两个地方之一,然而,两个处理相同的组件。
Initial costs include costs directly related to the design, purchase, and installation of a system. 初始成本包括成本直接相关的设计,采购,安装一个系统。 Instructions about filling out the form 说明填写表单
It also allows for fast-tracking the work so that parts of the project (the foundation. for instance) can be bid and started before the entire design package is assembled.
它还允许快速的工作,部分项目(基础。例如)可以在整个设计方案之前投标,开始组装。 It can be used in new construction or renovation projects. 它可用于新建或改造项目。
It describes the relationship of interdependent activities and duration of each activity involved in the work, together with the overall contract time.
它描述了相互依存的关系活动,每个活动参与时间工作,连同整个合同的时间。
It focuses potential bidders on the project and gives the designer a forum to explain the intent of the project and any nonstandard provisions.
它潜在竞购者关注的项目,给设计师一个论坛来解释项目的意图和任何非标准的规定。