2014高考真题与解析word版
www.yitiku.cn 易题库首发网址：http://www.yitiku.cn/zhuanti/2014gk 答案： 1．A 2．C
解析过程： 1.
根据第二段中”Back then, a Generation of successful American Entrepreneurs dreamt of a new style of Architecture to express their personal wealth”一代成功的美国企业家渴望一种新的建筑可以展现他们的个人财富。故选项A正确。 考点定位：考查细节理解 2.
根据第三段中you too can break the conventional rules of style and create something new: your own personal composition of your kitchen. For that, SieMatic BeauxArts offers unique opportunities: A broad range of seemingly conflicting features that you combine to a harmonious design of your own.你也可以打破传统的类型,来创造新的东西,你个人的厨房.可知SieMatic BeauxArts让顾客有机会显示自己的构思。故选项C正确。 考点定位：考查细节理解 —————————— 题目：
However wealthy we may be, we can never find enough hours in the day to do everything we want. Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost, which simply refers to whether someone’s time or money could be better spent on something else.
Every hour of our time has a value. For every hour we work at one job we could quite easily be doing another, or be sleeping or watching a film. Each of these options has a different opportunity cost—namely, what they cost us in missed opportunities.
Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and it will take you a couple of hours to get to and from the stadium. Why not, you might reason, watch the game from home and use the leftover money and time to have dinner with friends? This—the alternative use of your cash and time—is the opportunity cost.
For economists, every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgo—in terms of money and enjoyment—in order to take it up. By knowing precisely what you are receiving and what you are missing out on, you ought to be able to make better-informed, more reasonable decisions. Consider that most famous economic rule of all: there’s no such thing as a free lunch. Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free, the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities.
Some people find the idea of opportunity cost extremely discouraging: imagine spending your entire life calculating whether your time would be better spent elsewhere doing something more profitable or enjoyable. Yet, in a sense it’s human nature to do precisely that—we assess the advantages and disadvantages of decisions all the time.
In the business world, a popular phrase is “value for money.” People want their cash to go as far as possible. However, another is fast obtaining an advantage: “value
2014高考真题与解析word版
www.yitiku.cn 易题库首发网址：http://www.yitiku.cn/zhuanti/2014gk for time.” The biggest restriction on our resources is the number of hours we can devote to something, so we look to maximize the return we get on our investment of time. By reading this passage you are giving over a bit of your time which could be spent doing other activities, such as sleeping and eating. In return, however, this passage will help you to think like an economist, closely considering the opportunity cost of each of your decisions. 1．According to the passage, the concept of “opportunity cost” is applied to ________. A．making more money B．taking more opportunities C．reducing missed opportunities
D．weighing the choice of opportunities
2．The “leftover ... time” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to the time ________. A．spared for watching the match at home B．taken to have dinner with friends
C．spent on the way to and from the match D．saved from not going to watch the match 3．What are forgone opportunities?
A．Opportunities you forget in decision-making B．Opportunities you give up for better ones C．Opportunities you miss accidentally D．Opportunities you make up for
答案： 1．D 2．C 3．B
解析过程： 1.
根据第一段中“Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost, which simply refers to whether someone’s time or money could be better spent on something else.” 是指人们思考自己的时间金钱是否可以更好地被利用在其他的事情上。也就是在衡量自己的选择是否合理。故答案选D。 考点定位：考查细节理解 2.
根据文章第三段Why not, you might reason, watch the game from home and use the leftover money and time to have dinner with friends?人们本来是想去看球赛，但是球赛的票太贵了。所以就不去现场看球了。从而省下了“take you a couple of hours to get to and from the stadium.”这部分时间，并且把买票的钱和来去体育馆的时间用在了别的地方，那么这里的leftover money and time就是指看球赛来回所花费的时间。 考点定位：考查猜测词义 3.
根据文章第三段Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free, the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities.即使有人带你去享受免费的午餐，在这种情况下，你吃饭的时间还是会让你失去某些东西。这是从forgone
2014高考真题与解析word版
www.yitiku.cn 易题库首发网址：http://www.yitiku.cn/zhuanti/2014gk opportunities的角度来说的，也就是说你还可以用这段时间做更有价值，更有意义的事情，但是你却把他用来享用这段免费的午餐。所以forgone opportunities就是指放弃的机会。故选项B正确。
考点定位：考查推理判断 —————————— 题目：
Most damagingly, anger weakens a person’s ability to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour. The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger.
Not everyone experiences anger in the same way; what angers one person may amuse another. The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces. In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated. We no longer regard duels (决斗) as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person’s awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another.
Anger can be identified in the brain, where the electrical activity changes. Under most conditions EEG (脑电图) measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal (额叶前部) areas. Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition (意向) that most of us possess most of the time. But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren’t balanced and, as a result of this, we’re likely to react. And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions, whether positive or negative.
Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour: we move closer to people we like. Most negative emotions, in contrast, are associated with avoidance behaviour: we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious. But anger is an exception to this pattern. The angrier we are, the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as of offensive anger: the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger. This approach-and-confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry (不对称) of EEG activity. Interestingly, this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy (同感) towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response. In defensive anger, in contrast, the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation.
1．The “duels” example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger ________. A．usually has a biological basis B．varies among people
C．is socially and culturally shaped
D．influences one’s thinking and evaluation 2．What changes can be found in an angry brain? A．Balanced electrical activity can be spotted.
B．Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas. C．Electrical activity corresponds to one’s behaviour.
2014高考真题与解析word版
www.yitiku.cn 易题库首发网址：http://www.yitiku.cn/zhuanti/2014gk D．Electrical activity agrees with one’s disposition. 3．Which of the following is typical of offensive anger? A．Approaching the source of anger. B．Trying to control what is disliked. C．Moving away from what is disliked D．Feeling helpless in the face of anger.
4．What is the key message of the last paragraph? A．How anger differs from other emotions. B．How anger relates to other emotions. C．Behavioural responses to anger. D．Behavioural patterns of anger.
答案： 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D
解析过程： 1.
根据第二段中“The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces.”可知由于人们生理的和文化的不同，人们对于生气的表达也有所不同，接下来进行了具体解释。在现代因为生气，而进行身体上的冲突是不能忍受的，然而在古代，决斗是可以被接受的。综上，故答案选C。 考点定位：考查推理判断 2.
根据第三段3,4行“But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren't balanced”可知当我们生气的时候，脑电图在额叶前部会出现不平衡的现象。故选项B正确。 考点定位：考查细节理解 3.
根据文章第四段3,4,5行“The angrier we are， the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger: the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger.”可知当我们生气的时候，我们很可能靠近让我们生气的对象，从而去影响和控制使我们生气的人和情景。这是典型的offensive anger的表现。故A正确。 考点定位：考查细节理解 4.
根据本段 “Most positive emotions are associated with approach behavior”及“Most negative emotions, in contrast, are associated with avoidance behavior”可知本段主要讲了“approach behavior”和“avoidance behavior”这两种不同的行为模式。故答案选D。 考点定位：考查推理判断 —————————— 题目：
August 1990，Boston Dear Maya Shao-ming,
2014高考真题与解析word版
www.yitiku.cn 易题库首发网址：http://www.yitiku.cn/zhuanti/2014gk To me, June 6,1990 is a special day. My long-awaited dream came true the minute your father cried, \to match our boy. You, little daughter, are the link to our female line, the legacy of another woman's pain and sacrifice 31 years ago.
Let me tell you about your Chinese grandmother. Somewhere in Hong Kong, in the late fifties, a young waitress found herself pregnant (怀孕) by a cook, probably a co-worker at her restaurant. She carried the baby to term, suffered to give it birth, and kept the little girl for the first three months of her life. I like to think that my mother—your randmother—loved me and fought to raise me on her own, but that the daily struggle was too hard. Worn down by the demands of the new baby and perhaps the constant threat of starvation, she made the painful decision to give away her girl so that both of us might have a chance for a better life.
More likely, I was dropped at the orphanage (M JLR) steps or somewhere else. I will probably never know the truth. Having a baby in her unmarried state would have brought shame on the family in China, so she probably kept my existence a secret. Once I was out of her life, it was as if I had never been born. And so you and your brother and I are the missing leaves on a family tree. Do they ever wonder if we exist?
Before I was two, I was adopted by an Anglo couple. Fed three square meals a day, I grew like a wild weed and grasped all the opportunities they had to offer—books, music, education, church life and community activities. In a family of blue-eyed blonds, though, I stood out like a sore thumb. Whether from jealousy or fear of someone who looked so different, my older brothers sometimes teased me about my unpleasing skin, or made fun of my clumsy walk. Moody and impatient, burdened by fears that none of us realized resulted from my early years of need, I was not an easy child to love. My mother and I conflicted countless times over the years, but gradually came to see one another as real human beings with faults and talents, and as women of strength in our own right. Lacking a mirror image in the mother who raised me, I had to seek my identity as a woman on my own. The Asian American community has helped me regain my double identity.
But part of me will always be missing: my beginnings, my personal history, all the delicate details that give a person her origin. Nevertheless, someone gave me a lucky name \name was \arrival in the world?
I lost my Chinese name for 18 years. It was Americanized for convenience to \But like an ill-fitting coat, it made me uncomfortable. I hated the name. But even more, I hated being Chinese. It took many years to become proud of my Asian origin and work up the courage to take back my birth-name. That, plus a little knowledge of classroom Cantonese, is all the Chinese culture I have to offer you. Not white, certainly, but not really Asian, I try to pave the way between the two worlds and bridge the gap for you. Your name, \is very much like mine—\means \