[B] promptness in self-adaptation
[C] open-mindedness to new experiences [D] avoidance of internal fears and doubts
一、文章结构总体分析
本文是一篇从心理学的角度看待个人成长的文章。文章一开始就点明主题，即：人们对成长有两种基本看法：有人将之视为结果，有人将之视为过程。接着分别述之，点出两种不同看法各自的内容，而作者着重强调视成长为一个过程的优势及其对一个人的影响。
第一段：首句列出两种对待成长的不同观点，接着简述第一种观点。 第二段，详细描述第二种观点，将“成长”类比成“旅行”，指出其不是具体的路标或标志物。并进一步指出成长就是人们遭遇新经历和面对意想不到的坎坷时持有的态度和情感。
第三段和第四段：指出为了成长，人们需要去冒险。当我们在尝试一种新的生存方式时，如何看待自己对我们的成长能力至关重要。同样在成长过程中，内心的不安和自我怀疑都是不可避免的。为了成长，我们需要去面对并且克服它们。
二、试题分析
15. A person is generally believed to achieve 一个人通常被认为实现了个人成长，当他personal growth when______. __________。 [A] he has given up his smoking habit [B] he has made great efforts in his work [C] he is keen on learning anything new [A] 戒掉烟 [B] 工作上付出了巨大的努力 [C] 热衷于学习新东西 [D] he has tried to determine where he is on his [D] 试图确定自己在前进的道路上走到哪里journey 了 [答案] A
[解析] 本题考核的知识点是：推理引申题。
文章第一段谈到，人们对待成长有两种基本看法：将之视为结果和将之视为过程。该段第二句明确指出前者是人们通常持有的看法，即认为成长是一种外在的结果或成果，易于衡量。可以从该段最后作者给出的一系列例子去理解什么是外在结果。此外，最后一句中的“have measurable results to show for their efforts”表明这种观点认为个人成长也是通过努力取得的结果。这样答案就显而易见了。只有[A]选项既是经过努力又是可以衡量的外在结果，故为正确答案。
[B]、[C]和[D]选项都属于过程中付出的努力，结果却不可测量，故都不对。
命题意图是要求考生熟悉类比题的一种变相出法，即，不直接对文中内容提问，而是要求考生在正确理解文中的例子后，从选项中选出与之类似的情况。解题关键在于能够把握原来例子的实质。
16. In the author’s eyes, one who views personal 作者认为视成长为过程的人将growth as a process would__. _______________。 [A] succeed in climbing up the social ladder [A] 成功地爬上了社会阶梯 [B] judge his ability to grow from his own [B] 根据自己的成就判断自己的能力 achievements [C] face difficulties and take up challenges [D] aim high and reach his goal each time [C] 面对困难，接受挑战 [D] 确立高目标，并每次都实现自己的目标 [答案] C
[解析]本题考核的知识点是：推理引申题。
有关视成长为过程的的论述主要集中在第二段。这种观点认为成长是一段旅程，而不是具体的标记。人们应该看重的是成长过程中的态度和情感而非点滴的成功标记。[C]选项就是一种遭遇困难时的态度，也与第二段末句 “new challenges to accept”观点一致，为正确答案。
[A]选项是结果，而非过程。[B]选项显然是从结果的角度去看待人的发展。[D]选项仍然是追求有“标志”的成功结果。因此都可以排除。
17. When the author says “a new way of being”(line 3, Para. 3) he is referring to__. [A] a new approach to experiencing the world [B] a new way of taking risks [C] a new method of perceiving ourselves [D] a new system of adaptation to change 作者提到“a new way of being”（第三段第三行）的意思是_____________。 [A] 体验世界的新方法 [B] 新的冒险方式 [C] 看待自己的新方法 [D] 适应变化的新系统 [答案] A
[解析] 本题考核的知识点是：词义题。
题干中的短语出自第三段第二句中的how we see ourselves as we try a new way of being。该句之后，作者一连提出并列的三个问题，并给予了回答。三个问句及其回答分别是人由于对自身看法的不同而产生的不同处世方法：how we see ourselves是对三个问题的概括，而a new way of being这个关键词则应该涵盖三个回答的内容。[A]选项是简练、全面的概括，为正确答案。being相当于existing，意为：处世生存方式。首先排除[C]，它涉及的是问句的内容，[B]和[D]选项虽然都在该段被提及，但是不具有概括性，应该排除。
18. For personal growth, the author advocates all of 下列哪个选项不是作者对个人成长的倡议？ the following except_____. [A] curiosity about more chances [B] promptness in self-adaptation [C] open-mindedness to new experiences [D] avoidance of internal fears and doubts [A] 对更多的机会持好奇心 [B] 自我调节快 [C] 对新的体验持开放性态度 [D] 避免内心的恐惧和怀疑 [答案] D
[解析] 本题考核的知识点是：作者观点题。
第三段首句提到，为了成长，人们需要乐于冒险、勇于面对未知事物、接受“失败”。接下来的一系列设问句说明了“快捷、有好奇心、抓住更多的机会、体验不熟悉的事情、对付新挑战”等的重要性，因此[A]、[B]和[C]选项都在文中提到。而第四段首句“这些不安全感和自我怀疑不仅是无法避免的，而且是必要的”充分表明作者对这些态度的肯定。由此
可知，[D]选项与作者观点不一致，而且从第四段第二句作者用的两个假设也可看出他对躲避态度的否定，综上所述可以推出[D]选项为正确答案。
三、文章长难句解析和佳句赏析
长难句
①The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language—all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.
该句破折号前是三个带有定语从句修饰的名词短语The worker…the student…the foreigner，破折号后是系表结构these are examples，其中的代词these复指前面的三个核心名词，people后跟有一个who引导的定语从句。
译文：工人得到升迁、学生成绩提高和外国人学会了一门新的语言——这些都可以表明人们付出努力之后，取得了可测定的成绩。
②The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles.
此句主干是The process is not…but rather…，并列连词not……but rather…意思是“不是??而是??”。如：The old man is not a coward, but rather a man of high spirit. 本句中but rather连接的表语成分是the attitudes and feelings people have 和their caution or courage。as引导的是时间状语从句。
译文：成长过程不是道路本身，而是当遭遇新的情况或未预料到的坎坷时所持的态度和情感，是慎重行事还是勇往直前。
佳句
①There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process.
句型结构“There are two…: one…, the other…”表达在某件事情上存在的两种方式或态度。考生可以在写作时对此种句式加以运用，如：There are two ways to see technology: one as a benefit to human beings, the other as a harm to them.
②In this process ,the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept .
通过该句作者将人的成长比为永无止境的旅途。不定式结构的排列new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept非常耐人寻味。
③In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may “fail” at first.
该句中多个不定式的叠用，加强了句子的气势。从这个句子和第三段中一问一答句的连续使用也可以看出作者的写作风格就是通过排比结构使论述更加有力。
④We become trapped inside a shell of our own making . 在这里用shell (贝壳)比喻自我封闭。
又如：In order to grow up, we’d better go out of our house to confront new things, to experience the world, not just stay in a shell of our own making. 为了成长，我们最好走出家门，去面对新事物，去体验世界，而不是呆在自己营造的壳里面。
四、词汇注释
（1）measurable (a.)可测量的；measure (n.) 尺寸、大小；[常用 pl.]措施，方法；（v.）测量，衡量
（2）contrast (n.)对照，差异；by~与之相反，in ~ with/to与??成反比；（v.）使与??对比，和??形成对照
（3）signpost (n.)路标 （4）landmark (n.)标志
（5）perceive (v.)意识到，察觉，感知，理解，领悟，~sth. as sth.把……看作 （6）indecisive (a.)优柔寡断的；decisive (a.)决定性的，决断的 （7）a shell of our own making我们自己建造的牢笼
五、全文翻译
看待成长有两种基本态度：一种视其为结果，一种视其为过程。（佳句①）人们通常视个人成长为容易被识别和衡量的一种外在结果或成果。工人得到升迁、学生成绩提高和外国人学会了一门新的语言——这些都可以表明人们付出努力之后，取得了可测定的成绩。（长难句①）
相比之下，测定个人成长的过程却要艰难得多。因为从定义来看，它是一段旅程，而不是沿途特定的路标或标志物。成长过程不是道路本身，而是当遭遇新的情况或未预料到的坎坷时所持的态度和情感，是慎重行事还是勇往直前。（长难句②）在这个过程中，旅行永远不会真正结束；总是有新的方法来感受世界，总会尝试新思想，接受新挑战。（佳句②） 为了成长，为了探索新路，人们需要乐意去冒险，去勇敢面对未知事物，去接受他们也许会一开始就“失败”的可能性。（佳句③）当我们尝试一种新的生存方式时，我们如何看待自己对我们的成长能力至关重要。我们认为自己快捷、有好奇心吗？如果是的话，那我们往往会抓住更多的机会，更愿意去体验不熟悉的事情。我们认为自己腼腆、优柔寡断吗？那我们的羞怯感会使我们犹豫不决、行动缓慢，不到万无一失绝不迈步。我们认为自己适应变化很慢且对付新挑战也不够机敏吗？那么我们极可能会处事较被动或者根本放弃尝试。 我们若想改变自己、有所成长，这些不安全感和自我怀疑感既无法避免也很有必要。如果我们不去面对并克服这些内心的恐惧和疑惑，如果我们过多地保护自己，那我们就一定会停止成长。我们会陷进自己营造的壳里面。（佳句④）
Passage 3
In such a changing, complex society formerly simple solutions to informational needs become complicated. Many of life’s problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended family to resolve. Where to turn for expert information and how to determine which expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today.
In addition to this, there is the growing mobility of people since World War Ⅱ. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. The almost unconscious flow of information about the simplest aspects of living can be cut off. Thus, things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be
consciously learned.
Adding to societal changes today is an enormous stockpile of information. The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time-consuming and sometimes even overwhelming .
Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before. Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine-readable files, and to program computers to locate specific information. Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio, and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes of messages. Satellites have extended the power of communications to report events at the instant of occurrence. Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site. Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people.
In this world of change and complexity, the need for information is of greatest importance. Those people who have accurate, reliable up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems, the critical problems of their business, social and family life, will survive and succeed. “Knowledge is power” may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people.
19. The word \[A] the lack of stable communities
[B] the breakdown of informal information channels [C] the increased mobility of families
[D] the growing number of people moving from place to place
20. The main problem people may encounter today arises form the fact that__. [A] they have to learn new things consciously
[B] they lack the confidence of securing reliable and trustworthy information [C] they have difficulty obtaining the needed information readily
[D] they can hardly carry out casual communications with an extended family. 21 . From the passage we can infer that__.
[A] electronic mail will soon play a dominant role in transmitting messages
[B] it will become more difficult for people to keep secrets in an information era [C] people will spend less time holding meetings or conferences [D] events will be reported on the spot mainly through satellites 22. We can learn from the last paragraph that __. [A] it is necessary to obtain as much
[B] people should make the best use of the information
[C] we should realize the importance of accumulating information . [D] it is of vital importance to acquire needed information efficiently
一、文章结构总体分析