[第一板块 重点词汇突破]
[师生共研词汇]
1．figure n．[C]体形；数字；人物；画像；雕像；人影vt.& vi.考虑；估计；计算；认为
[教材原句] Most young women want a slim figure these days, especially here in Canada.
现在大多数年轻女士都想拥有一个苗条的身材，尤其是在加拿大这个地方。 [一词多义] 写出句中figure的含义
①As for my favourite figure in Chinese history, it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty. 人物
②Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation.体形 ③It would be very nice if we had a true figure of how many people in this country haven't got a job. 数字
④Lisa was very frightened as she saw a figure in the darkness.人影 ⑤David Dominoni requested the clerk to figure out his income tax.计算 ⑥I figure that he was drunk and shouldn't be allowed to drive.认为 figure out 理解；想出；计算出 keep one's figure 保持体形 ⑦The art historians tried to figure_out how the temple might have looked when built around 15 B．C.
艺术历史学家试图弄清楚这座庙宇大约在公元前15年建造时的面貌。 ⑧—I wonder how Mary has kept_her_figure after all these years. —By working out every day.(2015·福建高考) ——我想知道玛丽这些年是如何保持她的身材的。 ——通过每天锻炼。 2．contain vt.包含；容纳
[教材原句] They contain a harmful chemical that caused my liver to fail. 它们(那些减肥药片)含有一种有害的化学物质，导致了我肝功能衰竭。 [易混辨析] contain 侧重于所含有之物的数量或成分；既可指具体有形的东西，也可指无形的东西
include 侧重指范围，其主语和宾语属于同类。是整体和部分的关系。常使用“including＋被包括部分”或“被包括部分＋included”的结构 选词填空：contain/include The box contains a number of letters, including those from her friends in China and of course her parents' letters included as well. 盒子里有许多信，包括那些她在中国的朋友写来的，当然还有她父母的信。 3．damage vt.& n．损害，伤害
[教材原句] My mother is right: don't damage your health for a slim and attractive figure.
我妈妈说得对：不要为了苗条动人的身材而损害自己的健康。 damage crops 破坏庄稼 damage sb.'s career/reputation/health 损害某人的事业/名誉/健康 do/cause (great) damage to... 对……造成(很大的)损害 ①Without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage_crops. (2017·江苏高考阅读)
没有冰川，水会到达河流，有时会破坏庄稼。
②Too much packaging does/causes_damage_to the environment. 包装太多对环境有害。
③He won't do anything that may damage_his_reputation. 他不会做任何有可能损害他名誉的事情。 4．prefer vt.更喜欢；认为……胜过
[教材原句] Instead, I prefer to exercise at home, and it seems that I am always going on a diet.
相反，我更喜欢在家锻炼，而且似乎我总是在节食。 (1)prefer (sb.) to do sth. 宁愿(某人)做某事 prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth. 喜欢(做)……胜过(做)…… (2) prefer to do ... rather than do ...?would rather do ... than do ...?宁愿做……而 ??would do ... rather than do ?不愿意做…… (3)preference n． 偏爱；优先权；偏爱的事物 have a preference for 对……偏爱
①As for me, I prefer to_choose (choose) friends similar to myself. 至于我，我宁愿选择和我自己有相似之处的朋友。
②Nowadays more and more people prefer living in the country to living in the city. 现在越来越多的人喜欢住在农村而不喜欢住在城市。
③A teacher should not have a preference (prefer) for any one of his pupils. 教师不应该偏向他的任何一个学生。
④She prefers_to walk to work rather_than drive a car. ＝She would_rather walk to work than drive a car. ＝She would walk to work rather_than drive a car. 她宁愿步行去上班也不愿开车。
[名师点津] (1)prefer＝like better, 因此不能和比较级连用。 (2)prefer的过去式和过去分词是preferred, preferred。 5．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受；经历vi.受苦；受损失；患病
[教材原句] There is news about a Canadian actress who suffered liver failure because of taking those pills.
有新闻说一位加拿大女演员因服用那些药患上了肝功能衰竭。 (1)suffer from 遭受……之苦；患……病 suffer loss/pain/hardship/defeat ... 遭受损失/痛苦/困苦/失败等 (2)suffering n. 痛苦，遭受 ①Reading fiction helps those who do not suffer_from_loneliness to understand lonely people.
阅读小说可以帮助那些不孤独的人理解孤独的人。 ②If that were true, both companies would suffer_great_loss. 如果那是真的， 双方公司都将蒙受巨大的损失。
③Experiencing_personal_suffering is a necessary part of our growth. 经历个人痛苦是我们成长过程中必不可少的一部分。
[名师点津] (1)suffer 用作及物动词时，指“遭受、经历(不愉快之事)”，后常接loss, pain, hardship, defeat, punishment等，无被动语态。
(2)suffer用作不及物动词时，常与from连用，意为“受……之苦，患……病”。 6．effect n．效果，作用；影响
[教材原句] However, they have side effects, which will damage your health. 然而，它们有副作用，对你的健康有害。 (1)side effect 副作用 have an/no effect on 对……有(没有)影响
come into effect 开始实施；生效 take effect 见效，开始起作用 in effect 实际上；在实施中，有效 (2)effective adj. 有效的 effectively adv. 有效地 (3)affect vt. 影响 ①However, effective (effect) debates do not require angry quarrels and embarrassments. (2018·苏州模拟)
然而，有效的辩论不需要愤怒的争吵和尴尬。
②Every employee of the company is required to solve the problems in working effectively (effect)．
公司的每个员工必须有效地解决工作中出现的问题。
③Sometimes, the adults could be_affected (affect) by the violence content if they often get in touch with it.
成年人如果经常接触暴力内容有时也会受到影响。 7．count vi.认为，算作；重要 vt.数数
[教材原句] Walking and riding your bike count, and so do school sports. 步行和骑自行车就算，校内体育活动也算。 [一词多义] 写出句中count的含义 ①She was counting her money with joy.数数
②If you're all going to the party, you can count me in.算作 ③Hurry up！Every minute now counts.重要
④On the whole she counted herself a fortunate wife.认为 count ... in 把……计算在内，包括…… count ... out 不包括 count on/upon(＝depend/rely on/upon ) 依赖，依靠； 指望 count for much/little 价值大/不大 count ... as ... 把……看作…… count up(＝add up) 把……加起来 ⑤That was the first time she had counted_on/upon me in a moment of emergency. 那是第一次她在紧急时刻依赖我。
⑥Compared to yours our contributions count_for_little. 与你们的贡献比较起来，我们的算不了什么。 ⑦Her_opinion_counts because of her experience.
因为她有经验，所以她的意见很重要。
8．concentrate vt.& vi.集中(注意力、思想等)；全神贯注
[高考佳句] I concentrate my energy on reading Haiguo Tuzhi, which introduced a lot of modern technologies and ideas to China.(2016·北京高考书面表达)
我集中精力阅读《海国图志》，它把许多现代的技术和理念介绍到中国。
(1)concentrate one's mind/attention/energy on 把心思/注意力/精力集中于 concentrate on 集中精力于，全神贯注于 (2)concentration n. 专注，专心 (3)concentrated adj. 专心的，聚精会神的 ①If you are unable to concentrate_your_attention,_you are unable to achieve at your best level.
如果你不能集中注意力，你就无法达到最好的水平。
②She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order to concentrate_on her studies. (2017·全国卷Ⅲ)
为了集中精力学习，她已拒绝了几个节目主演的邀请。
③My_concentration slipped and it felt as if my brain was slowing down. 我的注意力不集中，感觉好像我的大脑在变得迟钝。 [联想发散] concentrate on“专注于”的同义短语有： ①fix/focus one's attention/mind on/upon ... ②be absorbed in (doing) ...
③bury oneself in ... ④be buried in ... ⑤put one's heart into ⑥devote oneself to ...
[自主练通词汇]
1．failure n．失败；衰退，衰竭；故障，失灵 单句语法填空
①A quick review of successes and failures (fail) at the end of year will help shape your year ahead. (2017·江苏高考)
②He felt like a loser when he failed to_pass (pass) the driving test.
③To his comfort, his art show was far from being a failure; it was a great success. [点拨] failure n．[U]失败；[C]一个失败的人/一件失败的事。 2．ashamed adj.惭愧的，羞愧的 单句语法填空
①I'm trying to lose weight because I'm so ashamed (shame) of my body.