2001年MBA英语真题及答案?
Questions 31 to 34 are based on the following passage:?
The stability of the U.S. banking system is maintained by means of supervision and regulation,inspections, deposit insurance,and loans to troubled banks.For over 50 years,these precautions have prevented banking panics.However,there have been some close calls.The collapse of Continental lllinois Bank & Trusted Company of Chicago in 1984 did not bring down the banking system,but it certainly rattled some windows.?
In the late 1970s,Continental soared to a leadership position among Midwestern banks.Parts of its growth strategy were risky,however.It made many loans in the energy field,including billion that it took over from Penn Square Band of Oklahoma City.To obtain the funds it needed to make these loans,Continental relied heavily on short?term borrowing from other banks and large,30?day certificates of deposit-\officer saw danger signs and wrote a warning memo to her superiors,but the memo went unheeded .Although the Comptroller of the Currency inspected Continental on a regular basis,it failed to see low serious its problems were going to be.?
Penn Square Bank was closed by regulators in July 1982.When energy prices began to slip,most of the billion in loans that Continental had taken over from the smaller banks turned out to be had.Other loans to troubled companies such Chrysler,lnternational Harvester,and Braniff looked questionable.Seeing these problem，\?
By the spring of 1984,a run on Continental had begun.In May,the bank had to borrow .5 billion from the Fed to replace overnight funds it bad lost.But this was not enough.To try to stem the outflow of deposits from Continemtal,the FDIC agreed to guarantee not just the first ,000 of each depositor?s money but all of it.Nevertheless,the run continued.?
Federal regulators tried hard to find a sound bank that could take over Continental-a common way of rescuing failing banks.But Continental was just too big for anyone to buy.By July,all hope of a private sector rescue was dashed.Regulators faced a stark choice:Let Continental collapse,or take it over themselves.?
Letting the bank fail seemed too risky.It was estimated that more than 100 other banks had placed enough funds in Continental to put them at risk if Continental failed.Thus,on a rainy Thursday at the end of July,the FDIC in effect nationalized Continental Illinois at a cost of .5 billion.This kept the bank?s doors open and prevented a chain reaction.However,in all but a technical sense,Continental had become the biggest bank failure in U.S.history.?
31?.In the spring of 1984,Continental experienced------.? A?a fast growth period. B?a stability period? C?a run. D?an oil price decrease.? 32?.By July,all hope of a private sector rescue was------.? A?destroyed. B?absurd? C?desperate. D?damaged.? 33?.The nationalizatin of Continental------.?
A?saved it? B?made\? C?almost brought down the banking system? D?fired many high?ranking officers.? 34?.Banking panics may be prevented by means of------.? A?deposit insurance. B?growth strategy? C?long term borrowing. D?warning memo.?
Questions 35 to 38 are based on the following passage:?
If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work?force skills,American firms have a problem.Human?resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States.Skill acquisition is considered as an individual responsibility.Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired-rented at the lowest possible cost-much as one buys raw materials or equipment.?
The lack of importance attached to human?resource management can be seen in the corporation hierarchy.In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command.The post of head of human?resource managements is usually a specialized job,off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy.The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer(CEO).By way of contrast,in Japan the head of human?resource management is central-usually the second most important executive,after the CEO,in the firm?s
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hierarchy.?
While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces,in fact they invest less in the skill of their employees than do the Japanese or German firms.The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees.And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.?
As a result,problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive.If American workers,for example,take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany(as they do),the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United Stated.More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity,and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed.The result is a slower pace of technological change.And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population affect the wages of the top half.If the bottom half can?t effectively staff the processes that have to be operated,the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.?
35?.Which of the following applies to the management of human resources in American companies??
A?.They hire people at the lowest cost regardless of their skills. B?.They see the gaining of skills as their employees own business. C?.They attach more importance to workers than to equipment..? D?.They only hire skilled workers because of keen competition. 36?.What is the position of the head of human resource management in an American firm??
A?.He is one of the most important executives in the firm..? B?.His post is likely to disappear when new technologies are introduced. C?.He is directly under the chief financial executive.? D?.He has no authority in making important decisions in the firm.. 37?.The money most American firms spend in training mainly goes to----.
A?workers who can operate new equipment? B?technological and managerial staff?
C?workers who lack basic background skills? D?top executives.? 38?.What is the main idea of the passage??
A?.American firms are different from Japanese and German firms in human resource management. B?.Extensive retraining is indispensable to effective human?resource man agement.
C?.The head of human?resource management must be in the central position in a firm?s hierarchy..? D?.The human?resource management strategies of American firms affect their competitive capacity...?
Questions 39 to 42 are based on the following passage:?
Internet is a vast network of computers that connects many of the world?s businesses,institutions,and individuals.The internet,which means interconnected network of networks,links tens of thousands of smaller computer networks.These networks transmit huge amounts of information in the form of words,images,and sounds.
The Internet was information on virtually every topic.Network users can search through sources ranging from vast databases to small electronic\boards ,\around common interests.Much of the Internet?s traffic consists of messages sent from one computer user to another.These messages are called electronic mail or e?mail.Internet users have electronic addresses that allow them to send and receive e?mail.Other uses of the network include obtaining news,joining electronic debates,and playing electronic games.One feature of the Internet,known as the World Wide Web,provides graphics,audio,and video to enhance the information in its documents.These documents cover a vast number of topics.?
People usually access the Internet with a device called a modem.Modems connect computers to the network through telephone lines.Much of the Internet operates through worldwide telephone networks of fiber?optic cables.These cables contain hair?thin strands of glass that carry data as pulses of light.They can transmit thousands of times more data than local phone lines,most of which consist of copper wires.?
The history of the Internet began in the 1960?s.At that time,the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)of the United States Department of Defense developed a network of computers called ARPAnet.Originally,ARPAnet connected only military a nd government computer systems.Its purpose was to make these systems secure in the event of a disaster or was.Soon after the creation of ARPAnet,universities and other institutions developed their own computer networks.These networks eventually were merged with ARPAnet to form the Internet.By the 1990?s,anyone with a computer,modem,and Internet software could link up to the Internet.?
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In the future,the Internet will probably grow more sophisticated as computer technology becomes more powerful.Many experts believe the Internet may become part of a larger network called the information superhighway.This network,still under development,would link computers with telephone companies,cable television stations,and other communication systems.People could bank,shop,watch TV,and perform many other activities through the network.?
39?.This passage is about the------of the Internet.? A?future. B?general introduction? C?use. D?history.?
40?.Which of the following statements about the Internet is true??
A?.ARPA was the first net used by American universities and institutions. B?.The history of the Internet can be traced back to fifty years ago. C?.The purpose of the Internet is to protect the world in the event of war. D?.ARPAnet formed the foundation of the Internet nowadays... 41?.The Internet enables people to do all the following things EXCEPT----. A?sending e?mail. B?obtaining news? C?exchanging modem. D?internet related chat(IRC). 42?.According to the last paragraph,in the future------.?
A?.in may be hard to predict the development of the Internet. B?.the Internet will become an indispensable superhighway. C?.the Internet will be applied more. D?.the Internet will combine cable stations.
Questions 43 to 46 are based on the following passage:?
Sex prejudices are based on and justified by the ideology that biology is destiny.According to this ideology,basic biological and psychological differences exist between the sexes.These differences require each sex to play a separate role in social life.Women are the weaker sexboth physically and emotionally.Thus,they are naturally suited,much more so than men,to the performance of domestic duties .A woman?s place,under normal circumstances,is within the protective environment of the home.Nature has determined that women play caretaker roles,such as wife and mother and homemaker.On the other hand,men are best suited to go outsintosthe competitive world of work and politics,where serious responsibilities must be taken on.Men are to be the providers;women and children are\?
The ideology also holds that women who wish to work outside the household should naturally fill these jobs that are in line with the special capabilities of their sex.It is thus appropriate for women,not men,to be employed as nurses,social workers,elementary school teachers,household helpers,and clerks and secretaries.
These positions are simply an extension of women?s domestic role.Informal distinctions between\work\\men?s work\the labor force,according to the ideology,are simply a functional reflection of the basic differences between the sexes.?
Finally,the ideology suggests that nature has worked her will in another significant way.For the human species to survive over time,its members must regularly reproduce.Thus,women must,whether at home or in the labor force,make the most of their physical appearance.?
So goes the ideology.It is,of course,not true that basic biological and psychological differences between the sexes require each to play sex?defined roles in social life.There is ample evidence that sex roles vary from society to society,and those role differences that to exist are largely learned.?
But to the degree people actually believe that biology is destiny and that nature intended for men and women to make different contributions to society,sex?defined roles will be seen as totally acceptable.?
43?.Women?s place,some people think,is within the protective environment of the home because------.?
A?.women can provide better care for the children. B?.women are too weak to do any agricultural work at all. C?.women are biologically suited to domestic jobs. D?.women can not compete with men in any field. 44?.According to the author,sex roles------.
A?are socially determined? B?.are emotionally and physically determined. C?.can only be determined by what education people take.? D?.are biologically and psychologically determined. 45?.The author points out that the assignments of women?s roles in work------.
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A?.are determined by what they are better suited to.? B?.grow out of their position inside the home. C?.reflect a basic difference between men and women. D?.are suitable to them,but not to men. 46?.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage??
A?.The division of sex?defined roles is completely unacceptable..? B?.Women?s roles in work are too limited at present..?
C?.In one society,men might perform what is considered women?s duties by another. D?.Some of the women?s roles in domestic duties can not be taken over by men.
Questions 47 to 50 are based on the following passage:?
In a sense,the new protectionism is not protectionism at all,at least not in the traditional sense of the term.The old protectionism referred only to trade?restricting and trade?expanding devices,such as the tariff or export subsidy.The new protectionism is much broader than this;it includes interventionssintosforeign trade but is not limited to them.The new protectionism,in fact,refers to how the whole of government interventionsintosthe private economy affects international trade.The emphasis on trade is still there,thus came the term\what is new is the realization that virtually all government activities can affect international economic relations.?
The emergence of the new protectionism in the Western world reflects the victory of the interventionist,or welfare economy over the market economy.Jab Tumiler writes,\apparent intellectual difficulty with the acceptance of the market as a national as well as an international economic distribution mechanism-indeed,protectionists as well as (if not more than)free traders stood for laissez?faire(放任政策).Now,as in the 1930?s,protectionism is an expression of a profound skepticism as to the ability of the market to distribute resources and incomes to societies?satisfaction.\ It is precisely this profound skepticism of the market economy that is responsible for the protectionism.In a market economy,economic change of various colors implies redistribution of resources and incomes.The same opinion in many communities apparently is that such redistributions often are not proper.There fore,the government intervenes(干涉；干预)to bring about a more desired result.?
The victory of the welfare state is almost complete in northern Europe.In Sweden ,Norway,Finland,Denmark,and the Netherlands,government intervention in almost all aspects of economic and social life is considered normal.In Great Britain this is only somewhat less true.Government traditionally has played a very active role in economic life in France and continued to do so.Only West Germany dares to go against the tide towards excessive interventionism in Western Europe.It also happens to be the most successful Western European economy.?
The welfare state has made significant progress in the United States as well as in Western Europe.Social security,unemployment insurance,minimum?wage laws,and rent control are by now traditional welfare state elements on the American scene.
47?.This passage is primarily concerned with discussing------.
A?.the definition of the new protectionism. B?.the difference between new and old protectionism.? C?.the emergence of the new protectionism in the Western world. D?.the significance of the welfare state. 48?.Which of the following statements is NOT a characteristic of a welfare state mentioned in this passage?? A?Free education is available to a child. B?Laws are made to fix the minimum wage. C?A jobless person can be insured. D?There are regulations for rent. 49?.Which of the following inferences is true,according to this passage?
A?.The economy developed faster in welfare states than in non?welfare states. B?.In the 1930?s,protectionism began to rise.
C?.The new protectionism is so called mainly because it is the latest.
D?.Government plays a more active role in economic life in Northern Europe than in Great Britain...? 50?.The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?? A?When did the new protectionism arise??
B?.Why is the new protectionism so popular in northern European countries?.?
C?.Does the American government play a more active role in economic life than the British government?.? D?.Why does the government intervene in economic life?.
2002年MAB英语真题及答案
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Shoppers who have flocked to online stores for their holiday shopping are losing privacy with every mouse click, according to a new report. The study by the Washington-based Electronic Privacy Information Center scrutinized(仔细审查)privacy policies on 100 of the most popular online shopping sites and compared those policies with a set of basic privacy principles that have come to be known as ―fair information practices.‖
The group found that none of the 100 sites met all of the basic criteria for privacy protection, which include giving notice of what information is collected and how it is used, offering consumers a choice over whether the information will be used in certain ways, allowing access to data that give consumers a chance to see and correct the information collected, and instituting the kind of security measures that ensure that information won‘t fall into the wrong hands.
―This study shows that somebody else, other than Santa, is reading your Christmas list,‖ said Jeff Chester, executive director of the Center for Media Education, which also worked on the survey.The online privacy of children is protected by Federal Trade Commission rules, but adults do not share the same degree of privacy protection. The movement, like the online shopping industry, favors selfregulation over imposition of further movement restrictions on electronic commerce.‖Marc Rosenberg, executive director of the privacy group, said the study shows that self regulations have failed, ―We need legislation to enforce fair information pretences,‖ he said. ―Consumers are at greeter risk than they were in 1997,‖ when the group released its first report. The survey also asked whether the 100 sites used‖ profilebased‖ advertising, and whether the sites incorporate ―cookies ‖technology, which gives Web sites basic information on visitors. Profiling is the practice of gathering in then used to create targeted advertising on Wed sites.All but 18 of the top shopping sites did display a privacy policy, a major improvement over the early days of electronic commerce, when such policies were scarce. But that did not satisfy the privacy group:‖ Companies arc posting privacy policies, but these policies are not the same thing As fair information practices,‖ Rosenberg said. The sites also did not perform well by other measures, the group said it found that 35 of the sites feature profilebased advertising, and 87 percent use cookies, The group concluded that the phonies that were posted ―are typically confusing, incomplete, and inconsistent‖, The report, ―Surfer Beware III: Privacy Policies Without Privacy Protection, ‖ is the third such survey by the group, It called for further development of technologies that help consumers protect their privacy and even anonymity (匿名)when exploring the internet.
51What does the sentence ―This study shows that somebody else, other than Santa, is reading your Christmas list‖ mean? A. the study shows that someone else would buy consumers a gift for Christmas B. The study shows that consumers‘ privacy is being invaded.
C. the study shows that companies want to make a Christmas list for children. D. the study shows that Santa would not bring the Christmas gifts this year.
52.Which of the following is not in the list of the basic criteria of privacy protection mentioned in paragraph 3? A. Give notice of what in formation is collected and how it is used to consumers.
B. Allow access to data that give consumers a chance to see and correct the information collected. C. Make consumers believe that the information provided by the sites is surely correct.
D. Institute the kind of security measures that ensure that the information won‘t fall into the wrong hands. 53. it could be drawn from the passage that .
A. the Washington-based Electronic Privacy Information Center has released at least 3 reports concerning the online privacy B. adults cannot get any online privacy protection
C. both the online privacy of children and that of adults are not protected by FTC rules D. only 18 of the top shopping sites displayed a privacy policy nowadays 54. What does the passage mainly talk about? A. Mare Rosenberg‘s study on self-regulation.
B. Some online problems found by a privacy group‘s study.
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