hospital gowns so you‘re not stuck with regulation blue or gray and playing Gloria Gaynor‘s \hbors call the police. Ms. Carr also advises an eyebrow wax and a new outfit before you tell the important people in your illness. \miracle,\
While her advice may sound superficial, it gets to the heart of what every cancer patient wants: the chance to live life just as she always did, and maybe better.
46. Which of the following groups is more vulnerable to cancer?
A. Children. B. People in their 20s and 30s. C. Young adults. D. Elderly people. 47. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT _______.
A. Kris Carr is a female writer B. Kris Carr is more than 31-year-old. C. Kris Carr works in a cancer center. D. Kris Carr is very optimistic. 48. The phrase \
A. a cancer research organization B. a group of people who suffer from cancer C. people who have recovered from cancer D. people who cope with cancer 49. Kris Carr make up names for the people who treat her because ________
A. she is depressed and likes swearing B. she is funny and likes playing jokes on doctor C. she wants to leave the medical advice to doctor D. she tries to leave a good impression on doctor 50. From Kris Carr‘s cancer tips we may infer that ________
A. she learned to use e-mails after she got cancer B. she wears fashionable dress even after suffering from cancer C. hospital gowns for cancer patients are usually not in bright colors D. the neighbors are very friendly with cancer patients
Should a leader strive to be loved or feared?This question,famously posed by Machiavelli,lies at the heart of Joseph Nye‘s new book.Mr.Nye,a former dean of the Kennedy
School of Govemment at Harvard and one-time chairman of America‘s National Intelligence Council,is best known for promoting the idea of \power\on persuasion and influence,as a counterpoint to \强迫) and force.
Having analyzed the use of soft and hard power in politics and diplomacy in his previous books,Mr.Nye has now turned his attention to the relationship between power and
leadership,in both the political and business spheres.Machiavelli,he notes,concluded that \safer to be feared than loved.\
The context of leadership is changing,the observe,and the historical emphasis on hard power is becoming outdated.In modem companies and democracies,power is
increasingly diffused and traditional hierarchies(等级制) are being undermined,making soft power ever more important.But that does not mean coercion should now take a back seat to persuasion.Mr.Nye argues.Instead,he advocates a synthesis of these two views.The conclusion of The Powers to Lead ,his survey of the theory of leadership,is that a combination of hard and soft power,which he calls‖smart power‖,is the best approach.
The dominant theoretical model of leadership at the moment is ,apparently,the ―transformational leadership pattern‖.Anone allergic(反感) to management term will already
be running for the exit,but Mr,Nye has performed a valuable service in rounding up and summarizing the various academic studies and theories of leadcriship into a single,slim volume.He examines different approaches to leadership,the morality of leadership and how the wider context can determine the effcctiveness of a particular leader.There are plcnty of anccdotes and examples,both historical and contemporary,political and corporate.
Alsa,leadership is a slippery subject,and as he depicts various theories,even Mr.Nye never quite nails the jelly to the wall.He is at his most interesting when discussing the
moral aspects of leadershipin particular,the question of whether it is sometimes necessary for good leaders to lie -and he provides a helpful 12-point summary of his conclusions.A recuming theme is that as circumstances change,different sorts of leadcrs are required;a leader who thrives in one environment may struggle in another,and vice versa.Ultimately that is just a fancy way of saying that leadcrship offers no casy answers.
51.From the first two paragraphs we may learn than Mr.Machiavelli‘s idea of hard power is ______.
A.well accepted by Joseph Nye B.very influential till nowadays C.based on sound theories D.contrary to that of modem leadership theorists 52.Which of the following makes soft power more important today according to Mr.Nye?
A.Coercion is widespread. B.Morality is devalued. C.Power is no longer concentrated. D.Traditional hierarchies are strengthened 53.In his book the Powers to lead,Mr.Nye has exmined all the following aspects of leadership EXCEPT_____. A.authority B.contex C.approaches D.morality 54.Mr.Nye‘s book is particularly valuable in that it _____.
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A.makes little use of management terms B.summarizes various studies concisely
C.serves as an exit for leadership researchers D.sets a model for contemporary corporate leaders 55.According to the author,the most interesting part of Mr.Nye‘s book lies in his _____. A.view of changeable leadership B.definition of good leadership C.summary of leadership history D.discussion of moral leadership
Americans don‘t like to lose wars. Of course, a lot depends on how you define just what a war is. There are shooting wars-the kind that test patriotism and courage-and those
are the kind at which the U.S excels. But other struggles test those qualities too. What else was the Great Depression or the space race or the construction of the railroads? If American indulge in a bit of flag—when the job is done, they earned it.
Now there is a similar challenge. Global warming. The steady deterioration(恶化)of the very climate of this very planet is becoming a war of the first order, and by any
measure, the U.S. produces nearly a quarter of the world‘s greenhouse gases each year and has stubbornly made it clear that it doesn‘t intend to do a whole lot about it. Although 174 nations approved the admittedly flawed Kyoto accords to reduce carbon levels, the U.S. walked away from them. There are vague promises of manufacturing fuel from herbs or powering cars with hydrogen. But for a country that tightly cites patriotism as one of its core values, the U.S. is taking a pass on what might be the most patriotic struggle of all. It‘s hard to imagine a bigger fight than one for the survival of a country‘s coasts and farms, the health of its people and stability of its economy.
The rub is, if the vast majority of people increasingly agree that climate change is a global emergency, there‘s far less agreement on how to fix it. Industry offers its pans,
which too often would fix little. Environmentalists offer theirs, which too often amount to native wish lists that could weaken American‘s growth. But let‘s assume that those interested parties and others will always bent the table and will always demand that their voices be heard and that their needs be addressed. What would an aggressive, ambitious, effective plan look like-one that would leave the U.S. both environmentally safe and economically sound?
Halting climate change will be far harder. One of the more conservative plans for addressing the problem calls for a reduction of 25 billion tons of carbon emissions over the
next 52 year. And yet by devising a consistent strategy that mixes and blends pragmatism(实用主义)with ambition, the U.S. can, without major damage to the economy, help halt the worst effects of climate change and ensure the survival of its way of life for future generations. Money will do some of the work, but what‘s needed most is will. \isn‘t almost overwhelming,\ America has risen to these challenges before.\
56. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. Human wars. B. Economic crisis
C. America‘s environmental policies. D. Global environment in general.
57. From the last sentence of paragraph 2 we may learn that the survival of a country‘s coasts and farms, the health of its people and the stability of its economy is__________. A. of utmost importance B. a fight no one can win C. beyond people‘s imagination D. a less significant issue
58. Judging from the context, the word \ A. friction B. contradiction C. conflict D. problem 59. What is the author‘s attitude toward America‘s policies on global warming?
A. Critical B. Indifferent C. Supportive D. Compromising 60. The paragraphs immediately following this passage would most probably deal with___________. A. the new book written by Fred Krupp
B. how America can fight against global warming C. the harmful effects of global warming D. how America can tide over economic crisis
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The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, ―Beautiful Inside My Head Forever‖, at Sotheby‘s in London on September 15th 2008 (see picture). All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ā70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last hurrah. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.
The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising vertiginously since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.
In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst‘s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector—for Chinese contemporary art—they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world‘s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby‘s and Christie‘s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.
The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989, a move that started the most serious contraction in the market since the second world war. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more volatile. But Edward Dolman, Christie‘s chief executive, says: ―I‘m pretty confident we‘re at the bottom.‖
What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell. Christie‘s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.
21.In the first paragraph,Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as ―a last victory‖because ____-.
A.the art market hadwitnessed a succession of victoryies B.the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bids C.Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpieces D.it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis 22.By saying ―spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable‖(Line 1-2,Para.3),the author suggests that_____ .
A . collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctions B .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleries C.art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extent D .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying 23.Which of the following statements is NOT ture?
A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007to 2008. B.The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum. C.The market generally went downward in various ways. D.Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come. 24.The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____
A.auction houses ' favorites B.contemporary trends C.factors promoting artwork circulation D.styles representing impressionists 25.The most appropriate title for this text could be ___
A.Fluctuation of Art Prices B.Up-to-date Art Auctions C.Art Market in Decline D.Shifted Interest in Arts
I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room -- a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative frequently offering ideas and anecdotes while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly concurred. He gestured toward his wife and said \hurt. \
This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.
The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late '70s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book \she interviewed -- but only a few of the men -- gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year -- a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.
In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning cooking social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: \listen to me\
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this expectation of their wives.
In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face while a woman glares at the back of it wanting to talk.
26.What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?
A.Talking to them. B.Trusting them. C.Supporting their careers. D. Shsring housework. 27.Judging from the context ,the phrase ―wreaking havoc‖(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means ___ .
A generating motivation. B.exerting influence C.causing damage D creating pressure 28.All of the following are true EXCEPT_______ A.men tend to talk more in public tan women
B.nearly 50percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversation C.women attach much importance to communication between couples D a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse
29.Which of the following can best summarize the mian idea of this text ? A.The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists . B.Marriage break_up stems from sex inequalities.
C.Husband and wofe have different expectations from their marriage. D.Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.
30.In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focus on ______
A.a vivid account of the new book Divorce Talk B.a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoon C.other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S. D a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew Hacker
over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors — habits — among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.
―There are fundamental public health problems, like hand washing with soap, that remain killers only because we can‘t figure out how to change people‘s habits,‖ Dr. Curtis said. ―We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.‖
The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to — Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever — had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers‘ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.
If you look hard enough, you‘ll find that many of the products we use every day — chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins — are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.
A few decades ago, many people didn‘t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs,and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.
―Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,‖ said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. ―Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers‘ lives, and it‘s essential to making new products commercially viable.‖
Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.
31.According to Dr.Curtis,habits like hand washing with soap________.
[A] should be further cultivated [B] should be changed gradually [C] are deepiy rooted in history [D] are basically private concerns
32.Bottled water,chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____
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[A] reveal their impact on people‘habits [B] show the urgent need of daily necessities [C]indicate their effect on people‘buying power [D]manifest the significant role of good habits 33.which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people‘s habits? [A]Tide [B]Crest [C]Colgate [D]Unilver 34.From the text wekonw that some of consumer‘s habits are developed due to _____
[A]perfected art of products [B]automatic behavior creation [C]commercial promotions [D]scientific experiments 35.the author‘sattitude toward the influence of advertisement on people‘s habits is____ [A]indifferent [B]negative [C]positive [D]biased
Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.
But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of strauder v. West Virginia,the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.
The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898,it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personlly asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.
In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.
36.From the principles of theUS jury system,welearn that ______
[A]both litcrate and illiterate people can serve on juries [B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers [C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service [D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public 37.The practice of selecting so—called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_____
[A]the inadcquavy of antidiscrimination laws [B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races [C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures 38.Even in the 1960s,women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____
[A]they were automatically banned by state laws [B]they fell far short of the required qualifications [C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties [D]they tended to evade public engagement 39.After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___
[A]sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished [B]educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors [C]jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community [D]states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system 40.in discussing the US jury system,the text centers on_______
[A]its nature and problems [B]its characteristics and tradition [C]its problems and their solutions [D]its tradition and development
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