中和胺的性能测定
摘要
中和胺作为调节蒸汽回流冷凝水的pH物质。无论有机胺的调节能力怎么好，但它总存在部分缺陷，在冷凝水系统中，胺在气相和液相中的分配比与碱性或中和容量一样重要。中和胺的选择必须根据它们“捕捉”酸性污染物的分配特征来决定，这种选择必须适合冷凝水系统和工艺介质污染物。在120℃左右的回流冷凝水中，吗啉是一种主要分散在液相中的胺，而环己胺则大部分仍然留在蒸汽中，故将将两种胺以某种比例混合才能将120℃左右的回流冷凝水的pH调控好；然而，仅有两种原料胺的中和胺总也不能摆脱调节范围较窄的瓶颈，这就需要另一种胺的加入来解决问题，也就是调节范围较宽的N-甲基二乙醇胺。将这三种胺以89:7:4的比例混合起来，混合胺相互协调所表现出来的调节能力与实际需要即相差无几了。
关键词：环己胺，吗啉，N-甲基二乙醇胺，吡咯烷，中和胺
I
THE PERFORMANCE MEASUREMANT OF
NEUTRAILIZING AMINE
ABSTRACT
Uses for to adjust the steam backflow condensed water the neutral amine not to be exceptional. Regardless of one kind of amine’s adjustment ability is how good, but it always has the partial flaws, in the condensation aqueous system, the amine is equally more important than in the vapor phase and the liquid phase assignment and the alkalinity or the neutral capacity. The neutral amine’s choice must according to them “the capture” the acidic pollutant assignment characteristic to decide that this kind of choice must suit the condensation aqueous system and the craft medium pollutant. In 120℃ about backflow condensed water, the morpholine is one kind mainly disperses in the liquid phase the amine, but the cyclohexylamine majority of still kept in the steam, therefore just two kind of amines can regulate by some kind of proportion mix 120℃ about backflow condensed water pH; However, looks like two people to be the same, will have the friction unavoidably steadily together in the time, two raw material amine’s neutral amine always could not only get rid of the regulation band narrow bottleneck, this needed another kind of amine to join solves the problem, was also the regulation band wide N-methlyldiethanolamine. Mixes these three kind of amines by some kind of proportion, the mixed amines proportion by 89:7:4, the mixed amine intercoordination displays adjustment ability and the actual need have been almost the same.
KEYWORDS：cyclohexylamine, morpholine, N-mathyldiethanolamine,
tetrahydropyrrole, neutral amine
II
目录
中文摘要 ..................................................................................................................................... I 英文摘要 ................................................................................................................................... II 目录 ........................................................................................................................................... iii 前言 ............................................................................................................................................ 1 1概述 ......................................................................................................................................... 2
1.1凝结水腐蚀原因分析[2.3] .............................................................................................. 2
1.1.1凝结水的氧腐蚀 ................................................................................................. 2 1.1.2凝结水的酸腐蚀 ................................................................................................. 2 1.2凝结水腐蚀的防治 ....................................................................................................... 3
1.2.1氧腐蚀的防治 ..................................................................................................... 3 1.2.2酸腐蚀的防治 ..................................................................................................... 4 1.3中和胺所具有的特征[5] ................................................................................................ 5
1.3.1加氨处理方法 ..................................................................................................... 5 1.3.2中和胺处理 ......................................................................................................... 5 1.3.3膜胺方法 ............................................................................................................. 5 1.4中和胺的发展历程 ....................................................................................................... 5 1.5国内外中和胺技术现状 ............................................................................................... 7 1.6中和胺的作用机理 ....................................................................................................... 7 1.7中和胺的应用前景 ....................................................................................................... 8 2 实验部分 ................................................................................................................................ 9
2.1实验试剂及仪器 ........................................................................................................... 9
2.1.1仪器 ..................................................................................................................... 9 2.1.2试剂 ..................................................................................................................... 9 2.2实验步骤 ..................................................................................................................... 10
2.2.1原料胺的筛选 ................................................................................................... 10 2.2.2各原料胺调节能力的测定 ............................................................................... 10 2.2.3原料胺按不同比例混合时的调节能力的测定 ............................................... 10 2.3实验结果的验证 ......................................................................................................... 10
2.3.1静态验证实验 ................................................................................................... 10 2.3.2动态验证实验 ................................................................................................... 11 2.4国内外同类产品对比实验 ......................................................................................... 13
III
2.4.1 国内外同类产品的情况分析 .......................................................................... 13 2.4.2静态验证实验 ................................................................................................... 13 2.4.3动态验证实验 ................................................................................................... 14 2.5中和胺的物理性能的测定 ......................................................................................... 15
2.5.1 外观 .................................................................................................................. 15 2.5.2 pH可控范围 ..................................................................................................... 15 2.5.3 密度 .................................................................................................................. 16 2.5.4硬度测定 ........................................................................................................... 16 2.5.5 碱度测定 .......................................................................................................... 17
3结果与讨论 ........................................................................................................................... 18
3.1原料胺的选择结果与分析 ......................................................................................... 18 3.2原料胺调节能力测定结果与分析 ............................................................................. 19 3.3混合胺调节能力测定结果与分析 ............................................................................. 20 3.4验证实验的结果分析 ................................................................................................. 21
3.4.1 静态实验结果与分析 ...................................................................................... 21 3.4.2 动态实验结果与分析 ...................................................................................... 21 3.5国内外同类产品对比实验结果与分析 ..................................................................... 22
3.5.1 静态实验结果与分析 ...................................................................................... 22 3.5.2 动态实验结果与分析 ...................................................................................... 23 3.6中和胺的物理性能测定结果 ..................................................................................... 24 结论 .......................................................................................................................................... 25 参考文献 .................................................................................................................................. 26 致谢 .......................................................................................................................................... 28
ii
前言
蒸汽凝结水系统在实际应用中出现的问题是对载体的腐蚀[1]。
蒸汽作为一种动力或热源，在作功或换热后逐渐冷却转变成凝结水。从理论上说，蒸汽凝结水是纯净的、高品质的水，不会对其载体产生任何问题。但在实际应用中，蒸汽中或多或少都含有杂质，特别是工业用蒸汽中含有不少气体杂质，在蒸汽凝结过程中溶入凝结水中，同时在凝结水的回收输送过程中也会溶入一定的气体，对凝结水的载体----换热设备及输送管道产生腐蚀。腐蚀严重的会造成大量的凝结水无法回收，使大量的水资源和热量白白浪费[2]。
为了保证锅炉的安全运行和最大程度的利用蒸汽和凝结水的价值，国家颁布了《工业锅炉水质》、《火力发电机组及蒸汽动力设备水汽质量》两部国家标准，明确规定了锅炉给水、蒸汽和凝结水的质量标准，但在实际操作中还存在不少缺陷，仍不能杜绝冷凝水对载体的腐蚀。
弄清楚产生腐蚀的原因，采取防与治相结合，可有效防止凝结水的腐蚀，从而避免水资源和热量的浪费。开发的蒸汽凝结水腐蚀的保护剂，在蒸汽凝结水系统中投加，可以减少或杜绝冷凝水对载体的腐蚀，保证凝结水的品质，使其达到回收利用。