石油科技英语
词汇、结构和书面表达(20%)：
1、 D. All of these rock types came from particular environment of deposition. 2、The classic particles are B. obtained from the original rock.
3、General fold terminology A. is related to elements of individual feature. 4、Inflection occurs D. when concavity changes to convexity. 5、Concentric folds consist of strata parallel to C. each other . 6、Applied seismics is derived to some extent from seismology, A. which is the recording and interpretation of earthquake waves. 7、The most A. modern technology at the Rig Site should be used. 8、 B. Fishing tools are needed at the rig site to recover any part of the drilling that fails. 9、 B. Step-by-step , chronological drilling procedures form the heart of the well plan.
10、Special-purpose computers were D. so expensive that one company only owned a few in the past. 11、A C. digital computer is a counting device that operates on discrete data. 12、Digital computers are designed for B. both special and general uses . 13、The artist asked that his painting A. be displayed at the National Gallery. 14、The relationship between oil exploration and production is A. stronger than ever .
15、Earth structure is fundamental to an understanding of the study of earth processes, A. and are important in exploring for oil. 16、All tubulars are transferred directly and automatically from horizontal pipe racks to the center line of the hole or D. vice versa . 17、Crude oil and natural gas are the raw A. materials of the petroleum industry. 18、When petroleum is first taken C. from the ground it is not very useful. 19、The basic problem in petroleum geochemical studies is B. that the generation processes cannot be reliably duplicated in the laboratory. 20、Darcy’s law describes the D. rate of flow of fluids through rocks. 21、The geophysical methods used in A. investigating the shallow features of the earth's crust vary in accordance with the physical properties of the rocks. 22、The static methods in B. which the distortions of a static physical field are detected are used. 23、When petroleum is first taken C. from the ground it is not very useful.
24、The declining cost and improved reliability of devices A. allow a new approach to computer maintenance. 25、In the morning customers receives a package D. including a replacement part installation instructions. 26、Computers can be C. made of modules called field replaceable units. 27、Petroleum is a B. mixture of many oils, but they can be separated in the way we have described. 28、The petroleum is made very hot and passed C. into the bottom of a tall tower. 29、Solution polymerization-This is, perhaps, the D. oldest process still in use.
30、Near the end of the reaction, a C. terminating agent is added to stop polymerization.
31、 A. Soon after the tube has been inserted into the main, it is gradually turned toward the gas flow. 32、This rate can no longer be maintained. This rate can be maintained D. until it can't be .
33、In some cases it is A. superior to separate and to remove water from the well fluid before it flows through pressure reductions. 34、Flow conditions become D. more complicated for shell and tube heat exchangers.
35、Measurement B. while drilling is the downhole measurement of important parameters and the simultaneous transmission of those measurements to the surface. 36、Orchestral instruments C. can be grouped under the following types: String, woodwind, brass, and percussion. 37、 D. Deep depressions in the ocean floor are called trenches. 38、 A. That xenon could not form chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.
39、Amplifiers such as those in computers and sound-reproducing systems are responsible for C. strengthening an erratic input signal. 40、 D. How the continents originated has been a topic of continual geogical research.
41、Coals can sometimes give rise to gas accumulations and it is thought that some gas was derived D. on the devolatilization of older coals. 42、 B. When she comes, shall tell her to wait for you.
43、She did not understand me C. before I explained it to her.
44、All over the world, at various B. depths beneath land and sea. there are accumulations of hydrocarbons formed long ago by decomposition of animal and vegetable remains.
46、 C. By means of a suitable linkage that diagram actuates the pointer over graduated scale on the face of the instrument. 47、If the concentration is high enough, the flame will be B. put out .
48、This heat is measured by the change in electrical resistance of the filament changes in its temperature. C. through 49、It may even be worthwhile the field personal B. to test cement mixes with the actual fields water in the cook’s oven. 50、How to use even the simplest wiper plugs and stage collars is worth C. explaining in the well plan. 51、It is true that the share of oil and gas in the total energy spectrum today shows B. signs of diminishing. 52、Customer demand has C. propelled this growth.
53、Oil was first D. commercially exploited on any scale in the late nineteenth century. 54、Although water is considered C. not pressed , the total compressed volume is quite large. 55、The crude oil B. flows out from the wellhead. 56、The electronic computer has become B. more and more important in the lives of all the people in the world. 57、Computers can work D. through a series of problems and make thousands of logical decision quickly.
58、If a process uses its high priority to hog the computer, its priority B. will drop . 59、All the competing processes would then wake up to C. fight over the new memory. 60、Water in the permeable carrier bed is, D. as we have noted, moving laterally down a fluid potential gradient, from areas of higher fluid potential to areas of lower fluid potential. 61、The petroleum engine must also be _ A. prevented from _ running to cool. 62、In basins _ C. where source rock and crude cannot be correlated. 63、_ C. As _ civilizations grew more complex, better methods of communication were needed. 64、The conversion predominantly _ D. take place _in the vapor phase in the presence of a data list.
65、No longer will such a control system be used only on large complex systems _ B. because it is the only feasible way to maintain control and gather information. 66、_ D. Even if _ oil companies can no longer control the price of oil, they can work to better control themselves. 67、The U.S. federal government became interested in space travel to the moon and embarked on a program_ A. in the 1960’s. 68、Crude oil is a raw material, like iron ore, _ C. which _ must be processed before it can be used. 69、_ D. Should _ I fail, I would try again.
70、_ B. However _ ,in petrochemical application ,there is a need to separate the C4 isomers.
71、 In the case of blast furnace and other manufactured gases, the operator should _ A. take care _ that he does not breathe any of the escaping gas. 72、The reason _ D. for _ using diamond bits is to drill less expensive and safer wells. 73、_ C. From _ an operational viewpoint, the later steam rigs were highly efficient. 74、If the circulating fluid is a liquid, it is usually made up mostly of water, _ B. though _ occasionally oil is the major component.
75、For difficulties in work distribution, a compromise for_ B. both ….and _centralized _____decentralized means to coexist has been proved practical and effective. 76、The gas is very under saturated _ A. with respect to _ both constituents and electric corporation. 77、A number of there systems have been in use for some time for applications _ C. such as _ control of batch reactor sequence. 78、_ A. Strange as _ it may seem, there is a return to control in some instance. 79、_ B. Without _ new and emerging technologies, many future oil and gas endeavors may not be possible. 80、There are a number of ways _ D. in which _ the porosity parameters can be calculated depending upon the complexity of the formation. 81、For difficulties in work distribution, a compromise for_ B. both ….and _centralized _____decentralized mean to coexist has been proved practical and effective. 82、It must be stressed that organic chemical data _ B. be used to _ alone. 83、Computer development and uses of the future will depend on the ingenuity of men, _ D. regardless of _ their direction of form. 84、A number of these systems have been in use for some time for applications _ C. such as _ control of batch reactor sequence. 85、_ C. Coupled with _ system control, real-time monitoring of rotating equipment and other system components can reduce fuel consumption. 86、You will usually want to start DOS _ C. whenever _ you start you computer.
87、The computer is a very valuable aid _ B. in _ log analysis for a number of reasons. 88、The atoms are _ B. joined into _ together _____ molecules. 89、_ C. Had you come _ ten minutes later, I should have been out. 90、_ C. Which of _ the processes which can run is to run next? Associated with each process is a priority. 91、_ C. When _ the end of a chain linked together, two hydrogen are eliminated creating a ring structure.
92、_ C. To remove _ this hazard, a simple portable explosive indicator is required whereby a survey of such enclosures may be conducted. 93、Diamond bits are sold _ B. by _ the carat weight of the diamonds in the bit, plus a setting charge.
94、The earliest mechanical or power similar to steam rigs, _ B. except the steam engines were replaced by gas.
95、The circulation equipment for a modern rotary rig usually includes _ D. not only … but also _ the mud pump ______ mud-conditioning equipment. 96、In petroleum application, the total mixed stream _ D. is used _without the need for separating the individual C4 isomers. 97、Diamond drilling bits are specialized drilling tools _ C. proven _ by experience and worthy of an economic analysis.
98、Mud-system _ C. consists of _ two tanks with 800 bbl working volume, one shale shaker, mud agitator and one Thule mud cleaner. 99、It must be stressed that organic chemical data _ D. should not be used _ alone but must be integrated with information. 100、Hydrogen is a good moderator. _ A. even better is _ deuterium combined with oxygen to form “heavy water”. 101、People were afraid _ C. of _ leaking the oil. 102、The gas is very under saturated _ A. with respect to _ both constituents and electric corporation.
103、Heavy fuel oils are among the least valuable products obtained from crude oil, _ B. and _ they are also the easiest to find substitutes for. 104、_ A. Strange as _ it may seem, there is a return to control in some instance.
105、Side scan radar has been in use for many years to provide imagery of the surface and to find structure _ A. related to _ the topography. 106、There are a number of ways _ D. in which _ the porosity parameters can be calculated depending upon the complexity of the formation. 107、Chemistry has played an essential part _ A. in _ the development of the refining process.
108、Hydrogen is a good moderator. _ A. even better is _ deuterium combined with oxygen to form “heavy water”.
109、In petroleum application, the total mixed stream _ D. is used _without the need for separating the individual C4 isomers. 110、It must be stressed that organic chemical data _ D. should not be used __ alone but must be integrated with information.
111、Diamonds _ B. used _ in oilfield bits are of natural origin and range from as small a 15 stones per carat to seven carats per stone in special applications. 112、Diamond drilling bits are specialized drilling tools _ C. proven _ by experience and worthy of an economic analysis.
113、Mud-system _ C. consists of _ two tanks with 800 bbl working volume, one shale shaker, mud agitator and one Thule mud cleaner. - 1 -
114、The well plan is the primary mechanism _ C. by which _ technology gets to the rig site. 115、_ B. If _ the event in question is signaled by another process, then there is no problem. 116、_ B. However _ ,in petrochemical application ,there is a need to separate the C4 isomers. 117、The reason _ D. for _ using diamond bits is to drill less expensive and safer wells. 118、_ C. Had you come _ ten minutes later, I should have been out. 119、The atoms are _ B. joined … into _ together _____ molecules.
120、Crude oil is a raw material, like iron ore, _ C. which __ must be processed before it can be used. 121、Concentric folds consist of strata parallel to D. each other .
122、Folding in layered rocks consists C. of deformation of strata without faulting. 123、Folds are manifest as different types according B. to morphology and origin.
124、An inflection point occurs A. where bed curvature in one direction changes to bed curvature in the opposite direction. 125、 A syncline is a concave B. upward .
126、Wireline logs nowadays are B. taken in every well at convenient intervals.
127、Wireline logs measure electrical properties of rocks, A. which can be indirectly interpreted in terms of rock type, porosity and fluid content. 128、Shales are composed D. of argillaceous or very fine grained minerals. 129、The gamma-ray log is an example of a C. nuclear log. 130、Well logs are now B. recorded on digital tapes. 131、There A. are three general classifications of diamonds used in the petroleum industry. 132、The reason for A. using diamond bits is to drill less expensive.
133、Diamonds used in oilfield range C. from…to as small as 15 stones per carat seven carats per stone in special applications. 134、The diamonds are held in place by the matrix which is bonded A. to the steel shank. 135、Quality is roughly defined C. when considering diamonds for oil well bits. 136、The drilling fluid must D. be circulated downward through the drill stem. 137、The circulating fluid is usually made up B. of water.
138、Both types of circulating fluids are called D. drilling mud .
139、The first pit the mud enters is usually a D. settling pin .
140、Mud control is one of the most complex subject the drilling crew has to deal A. with . 141、Density is weight per unit of B. volume .
142、The mud weight is usually tested by a C. balance . 143、Fill the clean, dry cup A. with the mud to be weighted.
144、It is absolutely essential B. that all parts of the mud balance be kept clean if accurate results are to be obtained. 145、To calibrate the mud balance, C. do the following.
146、The qualifications and experience of drilling personnel A. are important ingredients in ensuring rig performance and safety. 147、All of these have an effect B. on the quality and ability of personnel. 148、A crew familiar with the rig will make A. fewer mistakes in an emergency. 149、Crew training has C. been neglected as well. 150、Frequent safety meeting may seem insignificant D. on the surface.
151、Consider running a seating nipple just A. above the collars to check for pressure integrity. 152、Drill collars should be examined C. before use.
153、The condition of the drill line should be double checked as well C. as the ton-mile records.
154、Some contractors are stretching the life of the drill line to the extent D. that it can cause serious safety hazard. 155、Deteriorated suction lines mean C. corroded suction lines .
156、Knowing the distributions of field sizes for play types is crucial to profitability of plays. C. predict 157、Many of the fields are actually B. too small to be economic.
158、The average field size is should be used in an economic analysis of a play type. C. what
159、 B. For this reason, targeting only the largest fields in a competitive basin may lead to poor economic performance. 160、Competition caused companies to take greater efforts in order D. that they can remain a player. 161、For this reason computers can be _ B. defined _ as devices. 162、Digital computers work by _ A. using _specific information .) 163、Regardless _ C. of _ their direction or form ,computer development and use of the future will depend on the ingenuity of men . 164、There is_ A. no _ memory associated with events.
165、This differs considerably from Dijkstra’s P and V synchronization operations, in that no memory _ A. is associated with _events. 166、The event-wait code in the kernel _ A. is _like a coroutine linkage.
167、In addition _ B.to _reducing the volume of paper, we can use in a long time. 168、The X.12 standard is actually made _ D.up _ of four parts.
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169、In some cases, Yacc fails to produce a parser when _ C. given _ a set of specifications. 170、Let’s look at starting DOS , step—_ A.by _ stey
172、Unix _ B.evokes _ a wide range of emotions.
173、The declining cost and improved reliability of device permit a new approach D. to computer maintenance. 174、Seismic data are recorded in amplified form _ B. so as to _achieve full scale of the seismogram. 175、The program is designed to run _ D.on _an IBM XT computer . 176、There are _ A.a number of _of ways to do that.
177、This network gathering oil and gas from hundreds of _ B. thousands _of individual wells. 178、A pipeline was selected _ C. as __ a transportation system. 179、W.H. Jolles has detailed three types of tanker loading systems for exposed Artic terminals, all of _ D. which _have advantages and disadvantages. 180、The Chuckchi Sea _ A. is _ typical of most frontier regions.
181、From large central storage facilities, oil _ C. is moved _through large----diameter. 182、It is difficult to pinpoint a typical throughput _ B. for _an individual crude trunk line. 183、The fact _ A. that _they traverse long distances complicates their construction and operation. 184、_ A. Such _a gas is called an ideal gas.
185、Gas transmission pipelines are made _ C.of _steel pipe and are buried below ground surface. 186、Gas provides home _ C. heating _.
187、The size of compressors within the station varies _ C.over _a wide range. 188、Both aboveground storage and belowground storage _ B. are _used for both natural gas and hydrocarbon liquids. 189、Free water in the tank _ B.below _the oil can also be determined by gauging. 190、Construction costs also vary _ B.according _to location. 191、LNG is produced in a liquefaction plant by cooling the feed gas to produce a _ B.low ---viscosity liquid boiling at about minus 1600C at atmospheric pressure. 192、This employs the same principles as a domestic refrigerator, _ C.although _the equipment is much more complicated. 193、Gaseous fuels have _ A. many _ advantages. 194、A refinery _ C.in _ the Far East for instance had considerable success. 195、Strange _ B.as _ it may seem, there is a return to decentralized control. 196、Most liquefaction plants are _ C.built _in a series of parallel modules. 197、The construction of all pipeline _ B. follows _ this general sequence. 198、_ A. Much _ gas is moved. 199、The basic thermodynamic processes in engineering thermodynamics _ B.are _the isochoric process. 200、Oil and gas _ B.are _not the only materials transported by pipeline. 阅读理解题 (40%)： 1 There is little doubt in the minds of most petroleum geologists 1、What is the subject of this passage? A. Origin and generation of oil and gas 2、According to this passage, which of the following sentences is true? D. Crude oil is a complex mixture 3、What is the meaning of the word \ D. complicated 4、Conditions favorable foe generation of petroleum normally occur? B. under depths of about 1.500 meters below the surface 5、When is the petroleum generated? C. During burial of the sediment 2 Cable-tool rigs were relatively simple to operate and easy to repair. 6、Which of the following is mainly discussed by the author? B. Rotary rigs
7、According to this passage, when did rotary rigs begin using air drilling? C. in the mid 1950s
8、Which sentence could be implied from this passage? A. Rotary rigs are better than cable rigs 9、What does \
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B. restricted
10、According to this passage, which of the following sentences is true? A. The later steam rigs were more efficient than the earliest mechanical or power rigs 3 Measurement while drilling(MWD) is the downhole measurement
11、What does the passage mainly discuss?
D. The generation of measurement while drilling 12、According to this passage, which sentence among the following sentences is true? B. Drilling is a complicated technological process with many uncertainties 13、Which of following words can replace \ C. consolidate
14、Which company introduced the first commercial MWD system? B. Teleco 15、When did the first U. S patents and technical papers on MWD appear? A. in the early 1930's 4 During this century the petroleum industry has risen 16、The passage primarily discusses A. some problems related to the petroleum
17、The word \D. significantly
18、Which of the following would best illustrate hydrocarbons?
A. compounds of hydrogen and carbon, either gaseous, liquid or solid according to the complexity of their molecules at normal temperatures and pressures 19、The word \B. contains 20、The sentence in the last paragraph \A. The task of petroleum industry is to find them 5 Geophysics is the application of the principles of physics 21、Which of the following is the author's main purpose in the passage? D. Application of geophysics 22、According to this passage, which of following objects cannot be investigated by geophysics? D. Core of the earth 23、Which sentence could be implied from this passage? A. Geophysics is often the only satisfactory way towards a solution of oil prospecting 24、What does \ B. the earth
25、According to this passage, which of the following sentence is true?
A. One of the aims of pure geophysics is to deduce the physical properties of the earth 6 One of the areas in which the technical advances 26、What is the primary topic of this passage? A. Transporting Oil
27、Where was the world's first producing well? B. The one near Titusville, Pennsylvania 28、The word \C. pulling 29、With which of the statements is the author most likely to agree? A. The pipelines offers many advantages for transporting oil 30、The word \A. achieved 7 Crude oil is a raw material, like iron ore 31、What is the main topic of the passage? A. Refining oil
32、With which of the statements is the author most likely to agree?
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